[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.82,0:00:02.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A few years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.75,0:00:06.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my mom developed rheumatoid arthritis.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.99,0:00:13.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her wrists, knees and toes swelled up,\Ncausing crippling, chronic pain.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.39,0:00:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She had to file for disability.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.73,0:00:18.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She stopped attending our local mosque.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.52,0:00:22.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some mornings it was too painful\Nfor her to brush her teeth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.34,0:00:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to help.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.50,0:00:28.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I didn't know how.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.72,0:00:29.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not a doctor.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.00,0:00:35.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what I am is a historian of medicine.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.93,0:00:39.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I started to research\Nthe history of chronic pain.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.96,0:00:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Turns out, UCLA has an entire\Nhistory of pain collection
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.00,0:00:45.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in their archives.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.59,0:00:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I found a story --\Na fantastic story --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.07,0:00:55.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a man who saved -- rescued --\Nmillions of people from pain;
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.89,0:00:57.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people like my mom.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.77,0:01:00.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet, I had never heard of him.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.26,0:01:03.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were no biographies\Nof him, no Hollywood movies.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.48,0:01:08.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His name was John J. Bonica.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.07,0:01:10.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when our story begins,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.64,0:01:14.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was better known as\NJohnny "Bull" Walker.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.61,0:01:18.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a summer day in 1941.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.86,0:01:25.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The circus had just arrived\Nin the tiny town of Brookfield, New York.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.49,0:01:29.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spectators flocked to see\Nthe wire-walkers, the tramp clowns --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.43,0:01:32.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they were lucky, the human cannonball.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.19,0:01:36.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also came to see the strongman,\NJohnny "Bull" Walker,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.10,0:01:39.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a brawny bully who'd pin you for a dollar.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.47,0:01:43.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, on that particular day,\Na voice rang out
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.43,0:01:45.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the circus P.A. system.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.44,0:01:49.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They needed a doctor urgently,\Nin the live animal tent.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.30,0:01:51.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something had gone wrong\Nwith the lion tamer.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.71,0:01:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The climax of his act had gone wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.86,0:01:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and his head was stuck\Ninside the lion's mouth.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.63,0:02:01.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was running out of air;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.31,0:02:03.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the crowd watched in horror
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.50,0:02:06.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as he struggled and then passed out.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.79,0:02:10.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the lion finally did relax its jaws,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.07,0:02:14.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the lion tamer just slumped\Nto the ground, motionless.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.81,0:02:18.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When he came to a few minutes later,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.21,0:02:20.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he saw a familiar figure hunched over him.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.17,0:02:23.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was Bull Walker.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.82,0:02:29.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The strongman had given the lion tamer\Nmouth-to-mouth, and saved his life.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.86,0:02:32.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the strongman hadn't told anyone,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.72,0:02:36.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he was actually\Na third-year medical student.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.79,0:02:40.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He toured with the circus\Nduring summers to pay tuition,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.47,0:02:43.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but kept it a secret\Nto protect his persona.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.79,0:02:47.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was supposed to be\Na brute, a villain --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.22,0:02:49.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not a nerdy do-gooder.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.54,0:02:53.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His medical colleagues didn't\Nknow his secret, either.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.16,0:02:57.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As he put it, "If you were\Nan athlete, you were a dumb dodo."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.85,0:03:00.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he didn't tell them about the circus,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.34,0:03:05.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or about how he wrestled professionally\Non evenings and weekends.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.35,0:03:08.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He used a pseudonym like Bull Walker,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.100,0:03:10.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or later, the Masked Marvel.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.63,0:03:15.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He even kept it a secret that same year,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.16,0:03:18.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when he was crowned\Nthe Light Heavyweight Champion
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.54,0:03:19.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.31,0:03:25.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over the years, John J. Bonica\Nlived these parallel lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.52,0:03:28.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was a wrestler;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.23,0:03:29.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was a doctor.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.79,0:03:31.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was a heel;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.33,0:03:32.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was a hero.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.04,0:03:34.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He inflicted pain,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.86,0:03:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he treated it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.24,0:03:40.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he didn’t know it at the time,\Nbut over the next five decades,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.77,0:03:43.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he'd draw on these dueling identities
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.61,0:03:46.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to forge a whole new way\Nto think about pain.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.62,0:03:51.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It'd change modern medicine\Nso much so, that decades later,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.77,0:03:56.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Time magazine would call him\Npain relief's founding father.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.35,0:03:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that all happened later.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.18,0:04:05.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1942, Bonica graduated\Nmedical school and married Emma,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.82,0:04:09.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his sweetheart, whom he had met\Nat one of his matches years before.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.50,0:04:13.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He still wrestled in secret -- he had to.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.78,0:04:18.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His internship at New York's\NSt. Vincent's Hospital paid nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.10,0:04:22.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With his championship belt,\Nhe wrestled in big-ticket venues,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.88,0:04:24.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Madison Square Garden,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.84,0:04:26.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against big-time opponents,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.54,0:04:29.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Everett "The Blonde Bear" Marshall,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.41,0:04:33.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or three-time world champion,\NAngelo Savoldi.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.19,0:04:36.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The matches took a toll on his body;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.99,0:04:40.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he tore hip joints, fractured ribs.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.30,0:04:45.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One night, The Terrible Turk's big toe\Nscratched a scar like Capone's
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.22,0:04:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,down the side of his face.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.30,0:04:51.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next morning at work,\Nhe had to wear a surgical mask to hide it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.45,0:04:57.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twice Bonica showed up to the O.R.\Nwith one eye so bruised,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.09,0:04:58.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he couldn't see out of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.14,0:05:03.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But worst of all were\Nhis mangled cauliflower ears.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.09,0:05:07.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said they felt like two baseballs\Non the sides of his head.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.15,0:05:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pain just kept accumulating in his life.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.18,0:05:16.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Next, he watched his wife go\Ninto labor at his hospital.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.51,0:05:20.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She heaved and pushed, clearly in anguish.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.66,0:05:24.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her obstetrician called\Nout to the intern on duty
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.12,0:05:26.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to give her a few drops of ether\Nto ease her pain.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.52,0:05:30.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the intern was a young guy,\Njust three weeks on the job --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.90,0:05:33.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was jittery, and in applying the ether,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.86,0:05:35.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,irritated Emma's throat.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.14,0:05:40.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She vomited and choked,\Nand started to turn blue.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.90,0:05:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bonica, who was watching all this,\Npushed the intern out of the way,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.26,0:05:47.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cleared her airway,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.86,0:05:50.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and saved his wife\Nand his unborn daughter.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.17,0:05:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At that moment, he decided\Nto devote his life to anesthesiology.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.41,0:06:02.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Later, he'd even go on to help develop\Nthe epidural, for delivering mothers.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.85,0:06:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But before he could focus on obstetrics,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.01,0:06:07.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bonica had to report for basic training.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.37,0:06:11.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right around D-Day,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.99,0:06:15.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bonica showed up\Nto Madigan Army Medical Center,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.24,0:06:16.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,near Tacoma.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.78,0:06:21.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At 7,700 beds, it was one of the largest\Narmy hospitals in America.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.24,0:06:24.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bonica was in charge\Nof all pain control there.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.62,0:06:27.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was only 27.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.47,0:06:31.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Treating so many patients,\NBonica started noticing cases
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.79,0:06:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that contradicted everything\Nhe had learned.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.98,0:06:39.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pain was supposed to be\Na kind of alarm bell -- in a good way --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.85,0:06:43.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a body's way of signaling an injury,\Nlike a broken arm.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.54,0:06:46.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in some cases,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.17,0:06:49.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like after a patient had a leg amputated,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.67,0:06:53.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that patient might still complain\Nof pain in that nonexistent leg.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.23,0:06:58.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if the injury had been treated, why\Nwould the alarm bell keep ringing?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.86,0:07:02.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were other cases in which there\Nwas no evidence of an injury whatsoever,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.01,0:07:05.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and yet, still the patient hurt.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.68,0:07:10.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bonica tracked down all the specialists\Nat his hospital -- surgeons,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.67,0:07:13.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,neurologists, psychiatrists, others.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.78,0:07:16.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he tried to get\Ntheir opinions on his patients.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.64,0:07:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It took too long, so he started organizing\Ngroup meetings over lunch.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.12,0:07:27.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would be like a tag team of specialists\Ngoing up against the patient's pain.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.61,0:07:31.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No one had ever focused on pain\Nthis way before.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.93,0:07:34.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After that, he hit the books.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.84,0:07:38.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He read every medical textbook\Nhe could get his hands on,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.73,0:07:41.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carefully noting every mention\Nof the word "pain."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.28,0:07:46.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Out of the 14,000 pages he read,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.19,0:07:50.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the word "pain" was\Non 17 and a half of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.91,0:07:52.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Seventeen and a half.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.93,0:07:58.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the most basic, most common,\Nmost frustrating part of being a patient.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.88,0:08:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bonica was shocked -- I'm quoting him,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.01,0:08:05.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he said, "What the hell kind of conclusion\Ncan you come to there?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.48,0:08:08.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most important thing\Nfrom the patient's perspective,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.69,0:08:10.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't talk about."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.30,0:08:15.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So over the next eight years,\NBonica would talk about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.21,0:08:17.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He'd write about it; he'd write\Nthose missing pages.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.06,0:08:21.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He wrote what would later be known\Nas the Bible of Pain.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.58,0:08:25.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In it he proposed new strategies,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.02,0:08:29.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,new treatments using\Nnerve-block injections.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.61,0:08:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He proposed a new institution,\Nthe Pain Clinic,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.38,0:08:34.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based on those lunchtime meetings.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.25,0:08:37.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the most important thing\Nabout his book
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.68,0:08:41.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that it was kind of an emotional\Nalarm bell for medicine.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.49,0:08:48.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A desperate plea to doctors\Nto take pain seriously
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.49,0:08:49.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in patients' lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.32,0:08:54.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He recast the very purpose of medicine.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.37,0:08:59.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The goal wasn't to make patients better;
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.58,0:09:02.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was to make patients feel better.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.96,0:09:07.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He pushed his pain agenda for decades,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.07,0:09:10.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before it finally took hold\Nin the mid-'70s.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.83,0:09:14.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hundreds of pain clinics sprung up\Nall over the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.71,0:09:18.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as they did -- a tragic twist.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.75,0:09:22.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bonica's years of wrestling\Ncaught up to him.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.60,0:09:26.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had been out of the ring\Nfor over 20 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.77,0:09:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but those 1,500 professional bouts\Nhad left a mark on his body.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.77,0:09:35.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Still in his mid-50s, he suffered\Nsevere osteoarthritis.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.36,0:09:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over the next 20 years\Nhe'd have 22 surgeries,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.40,0:09:42.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including four spine operations,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.95,0:09:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and hip replacement after hip replacement.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.11,0:09:49.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He could barely raise\Nhis arm, turn his neck.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.14,0:09:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He needed aluminum crutches to walk.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.88,0:09:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His friends and former students\Nbecame his doctors.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.92,0:10:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One recalled that he probably\Nhad more nerve-block injections
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.15,0:10:04.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than anyone else on the planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.04,0:10:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Already a workaholic,\Nhe worked even more --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.50,0:10:11.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,15- to 18-hour days.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.92,0:10:14.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Healing others became more\Nthan just his job,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.46,0:10:17.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was his own most effective\Nform of relief.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.51,0:10:22.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If I wasn't as busy as I am,"\Nhe told a reporter at the time,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.34,0:10:25.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I would be a completely disabled guy."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.42,0:10:30.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On a business trip to Florida\Nin the early 1980s,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.99,0:10:36.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bonica got a former student to drive\Nhim to the Hyde Park area in Tampa.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.34,0:10:41.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They drove past palm trees\Nand pulled up to an old mansion,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.51,0:10:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with giant silver howitzer cannons\Nhidden in the garage.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.90,0:10:49.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The house belonged to the Zacchini family,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.86,0:10:52.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who were something like\NAmerican circus royalty.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.23,0:10:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Decades earlier, Bonica had watched them,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.83,0:10:59.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clad in silver jumpsuits and goggles,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.74,0:11:03.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doing the act they pioneered --\Nthe Human Cannonball.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.77,0:11:07.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now they were like him: retired.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.27,0:11:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That generation is all dead\Nnow, including Bonica,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.86,0:11:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so there's no way to know exactly\Nwhat they said that day.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.48,0:11:18.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But still, I love imagining it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.23,0:11:22.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The strongman and the human\Ncannonballs reunited,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.51,0:11:24.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showing off old scars, and new ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.80,0:11:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe Bonica gave them medical advice.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.08,0:11:33.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe he told them what he later\Nsaid in an oral history,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.43,0:11:39.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is that his time in the circus\Nand wrestling deeply molded his life.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.29,0:11:43.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bonica saw pain close up.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.24,0:11:47.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He felt it. He lived it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.45,0:11:52.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it made it impossible\Nfor him to ignore in others.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.45,0:11:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Out of that empathy, he spun\Na whole new field,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.59,0:11:59.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,played a major role in getting\Nmedicine to acknowledge pain
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.72,0:12:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in and of itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.63,0:12:04.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In that same oral history,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.56,0:12:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bonica claimed that pain
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.10,0:12:11.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the most complex human experience.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.22,0:12:16.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That it involves your past life,\Nyour current life,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.05,0:12:18.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your interactions, your family.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.26,0:12:21.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was definitely true for Bonica.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.59,0:12:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it was also true for my mom.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.04,0:12:31.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's easy for doctors to see my mom
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.37,0:12:34.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a kind of professional patient,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.65,0:12:38.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a woman who just spends her days\Nin waiting rooms.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.71,0:12:42.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes I get stuck seeing her\Nthat same way.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.08,0:12:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as I saw Bonica's pain --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.07,0:12:51.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a testament to his fully lived life --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.62,0:12:56.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I started to remember all the things\Nthat my mom's pain holds.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.37,0:13:02.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before they got swollen and arthritic,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.16,0:13:05.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my mom's fingers clacked away
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.50,0:13:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the hospital H.R. department\Nwhere she worked.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.15,0:13:13.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They folded samosas for our entire mosque.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.73,0:13:18.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was a kid, they cut my hair,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.46,0:13:20.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wiped my nose,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.94,0:13:22.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tied my shoes.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.83,0:13:31.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.18,0:13:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)