[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.03,0:00:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My students often ask me,\N"What is sociology?" Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.56,0:00:09.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I tell them it's the study of the way\Nin which human beings are shaped Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.93,0:00:11.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by things that they don't see. Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.50,0:00:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they say, "So,\Nhow can I be a sociologist? Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.66,0:00:18.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can I understand\Nthose invisible forces?" Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.80,0:00:20.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I say, "Empathy. Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.35,0:00:22.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Start with empathy. Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.48,0:00:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It all begins with empathy. Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.28,0:00:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take yourself out of your shoes, Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.06,0:00:29.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put yourself into the shoes\Nof another person." Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.73,0:00:31.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, I'll give you an example. Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.26,0:00:35.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I imagine my life\Nif, a hundred years ago, Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.69,0:00:38.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,China had been the most powerful\Nnation in the world Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.56,0:00:42.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they came to the United States\Nin search of coal. Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.08,0:00:45.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they found it, and, in fact,\Nthey found lots of it right here. Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.29,0:00:48.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And pretty soon,\Nthey began shipping that coal, Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.84,0:00:50.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ton by ton, Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.64,0:00:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,railcar by railcar, boatload by boatload, Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.10,0:00:57.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back to China and elsewhere\Naround the world. Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.07,0:01:00.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they got fabulously\Nwealthy in doing so. Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.34,0:01:02.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they built beautiful cities Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.70,0:01:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all powered on that coal. Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.61,0:01:11.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And back here in the United States, Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.06,0:01:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we saw economic despair, deprivation. Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.23,0:01:14.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what I saw. Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.70,0:01:17.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw people struggling to get by, Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.36,0:01:20.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not knowing what was what\Nand what was next. Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.47,0:01:22.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I asked myself the question: Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.76,0:01:26.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How is it possible that we could\Nbe so poor here in the United States, Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.12,0:01:29.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because coal is such a wealthy\Nresource; it's so much money? Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.85,0:01:31.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I realize: Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.03,0:01:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the Chinese ingratiated themselves Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.46,0:01:37.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a small ruling class\Nhere in the United States, Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.24,0:01:40.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who stole all of that money\Nand all of that wealth for themselves. Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.43,0:01:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the rest of us,\Nthe vast majority of us, Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.62,0:01:44.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,struggle to get by. Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.39,0:01:48.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the Chinese\Ngave this small ruling elite Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.52,0:01:51.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,loads of military weapons\Nand sophisticated technology Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.91,0:01:54.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to ensure that people like me Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.70,0:01:57.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would not speak out\Nagainst this relationship. Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.57,0:02:00.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Does this sound familiar? Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.44,0:02:04.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they did things like train Americans\Nto help protect the coal. Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.06,0:02:08.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And everywhere, there were\Nsymbols of the Chinese -- Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.32,0:02:11.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everywhere, a constant reminder. Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.93,0:02:14.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And back in China, Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.10,0:02:15.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what do they say in China? Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.45,0:02:19.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nothing! They don't talk about us.\NThey don't talk about the coal. Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.07,0:02:20.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you ask them, Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.28,0:02:22.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'll say, "Well, you know,\Nwe need the coal. Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.70,0:02:25.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, come on, I'm not going\Nto turn down my thermostat. Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.42,0:02:27.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can't expect that." Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.37,0:02:31.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, I get angry, and I get pissed, Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.57,0:02:33.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as do lots of average people. Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.91,0:02:36.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we fight back,\Nand it gets really ugly. Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.48,0:02:38.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the Chinese respond\Nin a very ugly way. Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.62,0:02:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And before we know it,\Nthey send in the tanks Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.04,0:02:44.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they send in the troops. Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.38,0:02:47.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And lots of people are dying. Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.70,0:02:51.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's a very, very difficult situation. Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.68,0:02:55.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you imagine what you would feel Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.75,0:02:57.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you were in my shoes? Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.94,0:03:00.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you imagine\Nwalking out of this building Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.28,0:03:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and seeing a tank sitting out there, Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.13,0:03:04.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a truck full of soldiers? Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.90,0:03:09.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just imagine what you would feel,\Nbecause you know why they're here; Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.14,0:03:10.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know what they're doing here. Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.81,0:03:13.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you just feel the anger\Nand you feel the fear. Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.37,0:03:17.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you can, that's empathy.\NThat's empathy. Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.16,0:03:20.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You've left your shoes,\Nand you've stood in mine. Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.14,0:03:22.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you've got to feel that. Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.98,0:03:24.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, so that's the warm-up. Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.06,0:03:26.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the warm-up. Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.25,0:03:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we're going to have\Nthe real radical experiment. Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.01,0:03:33.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, for the remainder of my talk,\Nwhat I want you to do Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.70,0:03:38.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is put yourselves in the shoes\Nof an ordinary Arab Muslim Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.31,0:03:40.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,living in the Middle East -- Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.06,0:03:42.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in particular, in Iraq. Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.34,0:03:45.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so to help you, Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.27,0:03:50.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps you're a member\Nof this middle-class family in Baghdad. Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.60,0:03:53.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you want is the best for your kids. Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.32,0:03:55.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You want your kids to have a better life. Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.32,0:03:57.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you watch the news, you pay attention. Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.43,0:04:00.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You read the newspaper, you go down\Nto the coffee shop with your friends, Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.01,0:04:03.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you read the newspapers\Nfrom around the world. Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.26,0:04:06.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes you even watch satellite,\NCNN, from the United States. Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.32,0:04:08.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have a sense of what\Nthe Americans are thinking. Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.83,0:04:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But really, you just want\Na better life for yourself. Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.90,0:04:13.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what you want. Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.44,0:04:16.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're Arab Muslim living in Iraq. Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.53,0:04:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You want a better life for yourself. Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.30,0:04:19.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here, let me help you. Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.54,0:04:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me help you with some things\Nthat you might be thinking. Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.06,0:04:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Number one: Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.35,0:04:28.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this incursion into your land\Nthese past 20 years and before -- Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.70,0:04:30.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the reason anyone\Nis interested in your land, Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.84,0:04:32.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and particularly\Nthe United States, is oil. Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.01,0:04:36.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's all about oil; you know that,\Neverybody knows that. Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.14,0:04:39.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People back in the United States\Nknow it's about oil. Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.46,0:04:44.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's because somebody else\Nhas a design for your resource. Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.58,0:04:47.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's your resource --\Nit's not somebody else's. Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.16,0:04:50.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's your land; it's your resource. Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.16,0:04:51.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Somebody else has a design for it. Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.78,0:04:54.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you know why they have a design? Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.66,0:04:56.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know why they have\Ntheir eyes set on it? Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.78,0:04:58.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because they have\Nan entire economic system Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.87,0:05:02.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's dependent\Non that oil -- foreign oil, Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.11,0:05:04.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oil from other parts of the world\Nthat they don't own. Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.25,0:05:07.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what else do you think\Nabout these people? Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.84,0:05:09.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Americans, they're rich. Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.27,0:05:11.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Come on, they live in big houses,\Nthey have big cars. Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.82,0:05:14.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They all have blond hair,\Nblue eyes. They're happy. Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.24,0:05:17.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You think that. It's not true, of course,\Nbut that's the media impression. Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.77,0:05:18.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's what you get. Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.99,0:05:20.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they have big cities, Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.22,0:05:23.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the cities are all dependent on oil. Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.70,0:05:26.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And back home, what do you see? Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.70,0:05:28.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Poverty, despair, struggle. Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.22,0:05:31.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look, you don't live in a wealthy country. Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.63,0:05:33.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean -- this is Iraq. Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.28,0:05:37.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what you see. Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.21,0:05:39.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see people struggling to get by. Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.87,0:05:41.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not easy; you see a lot of poverty. Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.97,0:05:43.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you feel something about this. Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.66,0:05:45.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These people have designs\Nfor your resource, Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.78,0:05:47.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is what you see? Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.98,0:05:50.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something else you see\Nthat you talk about -- Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.12,0:05:52.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Americans don't talk\Nabout this, but you do -- Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.35,0:05:54.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's this thing,\Nthis militarization of the world, Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.90,0:05:57.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's centered\Nright in the United States. Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.07,0:05:58.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the United States is responsible Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.97,0:06:03.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for almost one half\Nof the world's military spending. Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.26,0:06:06.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Four percent of the world's population! Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.28,0:06:08.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you feel it; you see it every day. Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.85,0:06:10.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's part of your life. Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.19,0:06:12.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you talk about it with your friends. Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.100,0:06:14.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You read about it. Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.61,0:06:17.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And back when Saddam Hussein was in power, Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.49,0:06:21.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Americans didn't care\Nabout his crimes. Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.41,0:06:23.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When he was gassing\Nthe Kurds and gassing Iran, Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.85,0:06:25.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they didn't care about it. Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.35,0:06:27.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When oil was at stake, Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.45,0:06:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,somehow, suddenly, things mattered. Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.48,0:06:34.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what you see, something else: Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.91,0:06:36.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the United States, Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.72,0:06:38.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the hub of democracy around the world -- Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.85,0:06:42.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't seem to really be supporting\Ndemocratic countries Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.52,0:06:44.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all around the world. Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.43,0:06:47.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are a lot of countries,\Noil-producing countries, Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.17,0:06:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that aren't very democratic,\Nbut supported by the United States. Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.13,0:06:52.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's odd. Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.32,0:06:55.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh -- these incursions, these two wars, Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.14,0:06:57.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the 10 years of sanctions, Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.48,0:07:01.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the eight years of occupation, Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.17,0:07:04.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the insurgency that's been\Nunleashed on your people, Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.85,0:07:07.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the tens of thousands,\Nthe hundreds of thousands Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.70,0:07:10.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of civilian deaths? Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.91,0:07:14.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All because of oil. Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.63,0:07:17.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can't help but think that. Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.59,0:07:18.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You talk about it. Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.70,0:07:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's in the forefront\Nof your mind, always. Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.70,0:07:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You say, "How is that possible?" Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.21,0:07:27.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this man, he's everyman -- Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.70,0:07:30.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your grandfather, your uncle, Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.78,0:07:32.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your father, your son, your neighbor, Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.86,0:07:34.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your professor, your student. Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.09,0:07:37.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once a life of happiness and joy Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.100,0:07:40.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and suddenly, pain and sorrow. Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.10,0:07:48.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyone in your country\Nhas been touched by the violence, Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.34,0:07:51.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the bloodshed, the pain,\Nthe horror -- everybody. Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.45,0:07:56.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not a single person in your country\Nhas not been touched. Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.12,0:07:58.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there's something else. Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.70,0:08:02.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's something else about these people,\Nthese Americans who are there. Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.70,0:08:04.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's something else\Nabout them that you see Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.92,0:08:06.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they don't see themselves. Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.52,0:08:08.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what do you see? They're Christians! Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.70,0:08:10.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're Christians. Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.19,0:08:13.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They worship the Christian God,\Nthey have crosses, they carry Bibles. Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.72,0:08:15.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their Bibles have a little insignia Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.90,0:08:18.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that says "US Army" on them. Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.70,0:08:22.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And their leaders, their leaders: Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.70,0:08:26.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before they send their sons and daughters\Noff to war in your country -- Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.02,0:08:28.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you know the reason -- Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.38,0:08:29.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before they send them off, Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.97,0:08:33.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they go to a Christian church,\Nand they pray to their Christian God, Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.30,0:08:36.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they ask for protection\Nand guidance from that god. Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.10,0:08:37.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why? Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.30,0:08:41.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, obviously,\Nwhen people die in the war, Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.38,0:08:45.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are Muslims, they are Iraqis --\Nthey're not Americans. Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.98,0:08:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't want Americans to die --\N"Protect Our Troops." Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.83,0:08:51.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you feel something about that -- Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.18,0:08:52.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of course you do. Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.41,0:08:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they do wonderful things. Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.36,0:08:56.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You read about it, you hear about it. Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.20,0:08:58.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're there to build schools\Nand help people. Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.44,0:08:59.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what they want to do. Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.84,0:09:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They do wonderful things,\Nbut they also do the bad things, Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.63,0:09:04.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can't tell the difference. Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.29,0:09:07.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this guy, you get a guy\Nlike Lt. Gen. William Boykin. Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.08,0:09:09.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's a guy who says\Nthat your god is a false god. Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.60,0:09:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your god's an idol;\Nhis god is the true god. Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.70,0:09:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The solution to the problem\Nin the Middle East, according to him, Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.82,0:09:16.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to convert you all to Christianity -- Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.78,0:09:18.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just get rid of your religion. Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.70,0:09:21.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you know that.\NAmericans don't read about this guy. Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.44,0:09:23.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't know anything\Nabout him, but you do. Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.70,0:09:25.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You pass it around.\NYou pass his words around. Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.92,0:09:28.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, this is serious. You're afraid. Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.51,0:09:31.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was one of the leading commanders\Nin the second invasion of Iraq. Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.78,0:09:34.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you're thinking,\N"My God, if this guy is saying that, Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.51,0:09:36.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then all the soldiers\Nmust be saying that." Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.11,0:09:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this word here -- Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.62,0:09:40.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,George Bush called this war a crusade. Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.56,0:09:43.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Man, the Americans,\Nthey're just like, "Ah, crusade. Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.06,0:09:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whatever. I don't know what that means." Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.03,0:09:48.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know what it means --\Nit's a holy war against Muslims. Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.08,0:09:51.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look, invade, subdue them,\Ntake their resources. Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.93,0:09:53.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they won't submit, kill them. Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.20,0:09:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what this is about. Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.58,0:09:59.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you're thinking, "My God,\Nthese Christians are coming to kill us." Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.23,0:10:00.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is frightening. Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.70,0:10:03.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You feel frightened.\NOf course you feel frightened. Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.48,0:10:06.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this man, Terry Jones: Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.20,0:10:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean here's a guy\Nwho wants to burn Qurans, right? Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.97,0:10:11.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the Americans:\N"Ah, he's a knucklehead. Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.65,0:10:15.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's a former hotel manager; he's got\Nthree dozen members of his church ..." Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.30,0:10:16.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They laugh him off. Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.49,0:10:19.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't laugh him off,\Nbecause in the context of everything else, Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.70,0:10:20.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the pieces fit. Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.88,0:10:22.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course this is how Americans think. Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.78,0:10:25.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So people all over the Middle East,\Nnot just in your country, Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.81,0:10:26.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are protesting. Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.99,0:10:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"He wants to burn Qurans, our holy book. Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.95,0:10:31.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These Christians --\Nwho are these Christians? Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.10,0:10:34.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're so evil, they're so mean --\Nthis is what they're about?" Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.54,0:10:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what you're thinking\Nas an Arab Muslim, Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.18,0:10:38.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as an Iraqi. Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.61,0:10:40.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course you're going to think this. Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.61,0:10:44.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then your cousin says,\N"Hey coz, check out this website. Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.56,0:10:46.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You've got to see this -- Bible Boot Camp. Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.86,0:10:48.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These Christians are nuts! Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.16,0:10:51.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're training their little kids\Nto be soldiers for Jesus. Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.05,0:10:53.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They take little kids\Nand run them through these things Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.66,0:10:55.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,till they teach them\Nhow to say, 'Sir! Yes, sir!' Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.98,0:10:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and things like 'grenade toss'\Nand 'weapons care and maintenance.' Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.12,0:11:02.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And go to the website --\Nit says 'US Army' right on it. Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.18,0:11:04.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, these Christians, they're nuts. Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.11,0:11:06.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can they do this\Nto their little kids?" Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.14,0:11:07.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you're reading this website. Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.70,0:11:10.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, Christians\Nin the United States, or anybody, Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.54,0:11:13.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,says, "This is some little church\Nin the middle of nowhere." Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.45,0:11:14.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't know that. Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.62,0:11:17.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For you, this is like, all Christians. Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.06,0:11:19.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's all over the Web: "Bible Boot Camp." Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.38,0:11:20.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And look at this. Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.16,0:11:22.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They even teach their kids -- Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.58,0:11:25.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they train them in the same way\Nthe US Marines train. Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.91,0:11:27.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Isn't that interesting. Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.40,0:11:29.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it scares you, and it frightens you. Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.70,0:11:31.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these guys, you see them. Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.70,0:11:34.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see, I, Sam Richards --\NI know who these guys are. Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.91,0:11:37.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're my students, my friends;\NI know what they're thinking. Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.86,0:11:39.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't know. Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.10,0:11:41.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you see them, they're something else. Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.43,0:11:43.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're something else. Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.13,0:11:45.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what they are to you. Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.91,0:11:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't see it that way\Nin the United States, Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.40,0:11:50.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you see it that way. Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.70,0:11:55.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here. Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.50,0:11:58.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, you've got it wrong. Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.56,0:12:01.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're generalizing. It's wrong. Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.06,0:12:03.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't understand the Americans. Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.38,0:12:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not a Christian invasion. Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.08,0:12:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're not just there for oil;\Nwe're there for lots of reasons. Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.08,0:12:10.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have it wrong. You've missed it. Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.11,0:12:12.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, most of you\Ndon't support the insurgency; Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.91,0:12:14.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't support killing Americans; Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.70,0:12:16.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't support the terrorists. Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.70,0:12:18.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course you don't. Very few people do. Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.70,0:12:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But -- some of you do. Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.97,0:12:23.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is a perspective. Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.78,0:12:26.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK. So now, here's what we're going to do. Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.54,0:12:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Step outside of your shoes\Nthat you're in right now, Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.52,0:12:32.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and step back into your normal shoes. Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.34,0:12:34.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So everyone's back in the room. OK? Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.26,0:12:37.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now here comes the radical experiment. Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.19,0:12:38.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we're all back home. Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.22,0:12:41.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This photo: this woman -- Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.33,0:12:43.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,man, I feel her. Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.23,0:12:44.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I feel her. Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.83,0:12:46.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's my sister, Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.33,0:12:49.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my wife, my cousin, my neighbor. Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.54,0:12:50.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's anybody to me. Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.96,0:12:53.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These guys standing there,\Neverybody in the photo -- Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.69,0:12:55.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I feel this photo, man. Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.83,0:12:58.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here's what I want you to do. Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.49,0:13:01.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's go back to my first\Nexample, of the Chinese. Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.50,0:13:04.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want you to go there. Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.35,0:13:07.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's all about coal, and the Chinese\Nare here in the United States. Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.60,0:13:09.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I want you to do is picture her Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.37,0:13:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a Chinese woman\Nreceiving a Chinese flag Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.32,0:13:16.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because her loved one has died\Nin America in the coal uprising. Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.61,0:13:19.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the soldiers are Chinese, Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.26,0:13:21.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and everybody else is Chinese. Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.62,0:13:24.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As an American, how do you feel\Nabout this picture? Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.93,0:13:28.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do you think about that scene? Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.70,0:13:34.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, try this. Bring it back. Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.25,0:13:35.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the scene here. Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.70,0:13:37.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an American, American soldiers, Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.59,0:13:40.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,American woman who lost\Nher loved one in the Middle East, Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.67,0:13:42.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Iraq or Afghanistan. Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.90,0:13:44.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, put yourself in the shoes, Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.90,0:13:48.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,go back to the shoes\Nof an Arab Muslim living in Iraq. Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.00,0:13:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are you feeling and thinking\Nabout this photo, Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.83,0:13:57.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about this woman? Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.00,0:14:07.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.70,0:14:09.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now follow me on this, Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.70,0:14:11.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I'm taking a big risk here. Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.86,0:14:14.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I'm going to invite you\Nto take a risk with me. Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.62,0:14:16.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These gentlemen here, they're insurgents. Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.62,0:14:20.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were caught by the American soldiers,\Ntrying to kill Americans. Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.65,0:14:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And maybe they succeeded.\NMaybe they succeeded. Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.09,0:14:28.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Put yourself in the shoes\Nof the Americans who caught them. Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.21,0:14:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you feel the rage? Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.31,0:14:33.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you feel that you just want\Nto take these guys Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.72,0:14:35.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and wring their necks? Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.19,0:14:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you go there? Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.34,0:14:39.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It shouldn't be that difficult. Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.39,0:14:42.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You just -- oh, man. Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.27,0:14:48.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, put yourself in their shoes. Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.77,0:14:52.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are they brutal killers Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.77,0:14:54.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or patriotic defenders? Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.70,0:14:57.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which one? Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.49,0:15:01.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you feel their anger, Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.70,0:15:03.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their fear, Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.16,0:15:05.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their rage Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.82,0:15:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at what has happened in their country? Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.04,0:15:12.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you imagine that maybe\None of them, in the morning, Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.47,0:15:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bent down to their child\Nand hugged their child Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.63,0:15:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and said, "Dear, I'll be back later. Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.63,0:15:22.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going out to defend\Nyour freedom, your lives. Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.98,0:15:25.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going out to look out for us, Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.47,0:15:27.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the future of our country." Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.08,0:15:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you imagine that? Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.40,0:15:31.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you imagine saying that? Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.13,0:15:34.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you go there? Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.70,0:15:39.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do you think they're feeling? Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.72,0:15:49.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see, that's empathy. Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.88,0:15:51.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also understanding. Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.35,0:15:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[understand] Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.00,0:15:54.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, you might ask, Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.33,0:15:57.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"OK, Sam, so why do you\Ndo this sort of thing? Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.62,0:15:59.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why would you use\Nthis example of all examples?" Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.01,0:16:02.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I say, because. Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.70,0:16:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're allowed to hate these people. Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.52,0:16:09.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're allowed to just hate them\Nwith every fiber of your being. Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.70,0:16:13.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if I can get you\Nto step into their shoes Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.50,0:16:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and walk an inch -- one tiny inch -- Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.88,0:16:20.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then imagine the kind\Nof sociological analysis Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.62,0:16:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you can do in all other\Naspects of your life. Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.27,0:16:26.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can walk a mile Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.70,0:16:31.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it comes to understanding why\Nthat person's driving 40 miles per hour Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.80,0:16:33.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the passing lane; Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.99,0:16:35.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or your teenage son; Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.37,0:16:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or your neighbor who annoys you\Nby cutting his lawn on Sunday mornings. Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.04,0:16:42.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whatever it is, you can go so far. Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.50,0:16:45.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is what I tell my students: Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.62,0:16:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,step outside of your tiny, little world. Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.14,0:16:53.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Step inside of the tiny,\Nlittle world of somebody else. Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.89,0:16:55.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then do it again Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.35,0:16:57.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and do it again and do it again. Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.08,0:16:59.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And suddenly, all these tiny,\Nlittle worlds, Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.21,0:17:01.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they come together in this complex web. Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.49,0:17:04.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they build a big, complex world. Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.58,0:17:06.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And suddenly, without realizing it, Dialogue: 0,0:17:06.98,0:17:09.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're seeing the world differently. Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.18,0:17:10.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything has changed. Dialogue: 0,0:17:10.97,0:17:12.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything in your life has changed. Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.82,0:17:16.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's, of course, what this is about. Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.92,0:17:20.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Attend to other lives, Dialogue: 0,0:17:20.06,0:17:21.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other visions. Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.45,0:17:23.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Listen to other people, Dialogue: 0,0:17:23.90,0:17:25.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enlighten ourselves. Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.51,0:17:30.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not saying that I support\Nthe terrorists in Iraq. Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.78,0:17:34.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as a sociologist, what I am saying is: Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.70,0:17:37.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I understand. Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.70,0:17:42.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now perhaps -- perhaps -- you do, too. Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.95,0:17:44.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you. Dialogue: 0,0:17:44.13,0:17:47.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)