WEBVTT

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嗰日係五月一個星期六嘅下晝

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我突然意識到聽日就係母親節

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而我仲未準備禮物俾我媽咪

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所以我開始諗

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我要送佢乜嘢做母親節禮物呢?

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我諗點解唔利用我同我嘅研究小組

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喺麻省理工媒體實驗室開發嘅軟件 Scratch

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嚟做張有互動嘅母親節卡俾佢呢?

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我哋整咗呢個軟件

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令人可以輕鬆創作佢哋自己

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有互動功能嘅故事、遊戲或者動畫

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而且同人分享佢哋嘅創作

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於是我諗或者呢個係一個好機會

NOTE Paragraph

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利用 Scratch
去整一張互動嘅卡俾我媽咪

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喺我做母親節卡之前

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我諗我可以先睇睇 Scratch 個網站

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過去幾年，世界各地八歲以上嘅小朋友

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分享咗佢哋嘅作品

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所以我諗喺呢三百萬件作品裏邊

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會唔會有人上載咗母親節卡呢

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所以我就喺搜尋嗰度打「母親節」

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我又驚訝又開心睇到

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成頁有好多好多嘅母親節卡

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好多卡都係由一啲
好似我噉鍾意拖著做嘅人

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喺 24 小時之內上載嘅

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當我開始睇呢啲作品

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（音樂）

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我睇到一張特寫小貓
同小貓媽咪一齊嘅卡片

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卡中嘅小貓祝媽咪母親節快樂

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作者仲非常貼心噉

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為佢自己母親整咗一個重播按鈕

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另一個係互動作品

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當你將滑鼠移到
「母親節快樂」嘅字上面時

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會出現一句特別嘅母親節嘅祝福句子

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(音樂)

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而喺呢件作品

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創作者講述佢自己
點樣用谷歌搵出母親節係幾時

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(打字聲)

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而當佢知道母親節係幾時嗰陣

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佢立即送出特別嘅母親節祝福

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去表達佢有幾愛佢媽媽

NOTE Paragraph

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我真係好鍾意
睇呢啲作品、同呢啲作品互動

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事實上，由於我太鍾意呢啲作品

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原本諗著親手整張

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但後來就直接將十幾個作品嘅連結

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發送俾我媽咪

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（笑聲）

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而其實，佢嘅反應就係我想要嘅

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佢回覆我話

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「我非常為我嘅仔仔感到驕傲

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佢能夠整到噉嘅軟件

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令小朋友可以整母親節卡

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送俾佢哋嘅媽媽。」

NOTE Paragraph

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所以見到我媽咪好高興，我都好開心

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但事實上我仲有一個更開心嘅原因

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我開心係因為呢啲小朋友能夠按照

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我哋希望見到嘅用法去用 Scratch

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當佢哋製作互動母親節卡嘅時候

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你可以睇到佢哋真係
愈嚟愈對新科技純熟

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噉純熟係咩呢?

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我係指佢哋可以開始表達佢哋自己

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開始表達佢哋嘅諗法

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當你開始對一種語言純熟嘅時候

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意味著你可以喺你嘅日記上面寫嘢

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或者話講笑話俾人哋聴

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或者寫封信俾朋友

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新科技都係同樣道理

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透過書寫或者創作呢啲互動嘅母親節卡

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呢啲小朋友會俾人睇到

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佢哋對呢啲新科技有幾純熟

NOTE Paragraph

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你或者對呢樣嘢唔覺得驚訝

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因為好多時人都會覺得

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現今年輕人可以用科技做各式各樣嘅嘢

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我嘅意思係

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我哋都聽過年輕人被稱為「數碼原生代」

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某種程度上
我認為呢個用詞係有點問題嘅

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但我就唔太肯定

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我哋應唔應該將年輕人視作數碼原生代

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當你真係去睇呢樣嘢

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年輕人花大部分時間喺新科技嗰度

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究竟係點嘅一回事呢?

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你經常見到嘅情況會係噉樣

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或者噉樣

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可以肯定嘅係年輕人對於上網
上網聊天、發短訊同打機

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都好自在、好熟

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但呢啲並唔會真係令你純熟

NOTE Paragraph

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今日嘅年輕人對於新科技嘅互動

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好有經驗同埋好熟識

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但對於利用新科技去創作同表達嘅人
就少得多

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即係話佢哋識得用新科技去睇嘢

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但唔識得用新科技去寫嘢一樣

NOTE Paragraph

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而我就真係好想知道

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點樣能夠令年輕人對科技更純熟

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令佢哋能夠用新科技去創作

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即係話佢哋能夠
寫自己嘅電腦程式，或者寫編碼

NOTE Paragraph

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於是，有趣地，人就開始認清

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學習寫編碼嘅重要性

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你知道近幾年有幾百個新機構同新網站

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幫助年輕人學習編寫編碼

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你見到網上有類似 Codeacademy 
噉樣嘅地方

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有類似 CoderDojo 一樣嘅活動

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又有似 Girls Who Code

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或者 Black Girls Code 呢一類嘅網站

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每一個人似乎都開始參與其中

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你知道嗎，就喺年初

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踏入新一年嗰陣

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紐約市長彭博為佢自己定下咗新年目標

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就係要喺 2012 年學識寫編碼

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幾個月後，愛沙尼亞政府決定

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全國一年級學生都要學寫編碼

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呢樣嘢喺英國激發咗一場辯論

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係咪要俾全部小朋友學寫編碼

NOTE Paragraph

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宜家，你哋部分人，聽到呢個提議時

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或者會覺得有啲奇怪

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做乜每個人都要學寫編碼

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當大部分人聽到編碼，佢哋會諗起

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只有少數人會做嘅嘢

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呢個就係佢哋對編碼嘅印象

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事實上，假如程式真係噉嘅樣

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只會有好少人

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就係嗰啲
有特別嘅數學技能同科技背景嘅人

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至會寫編碼

NOTE Paragraph

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但寫編碼唔需要噉樣

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就等我俾你睇下Scratch 裏邊嘅編碼
係點樣啦

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喺 Scratch 裏面寫編碼
就好似砌積木噉

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喺呢個情況下

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你移動一舊積木

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將佢同其他積木堆埋一齊

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嗰堆積木就會控制
你嘅遊戲或者故事裏邊唔同角色嘅行為

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呢個例子裏面就係要控制一條大魚

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當你整咗個程式之後

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你可以點選「分享」

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然後你就可以將你個程式同其他人分享

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人哋就可以用到你嘅程式

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而且可以對個程式做修改

NOTE Paragraph

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當然，整一個同魚有關嘅遊戲並唔係

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Scratch 唯一可以做嘅嘢

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喺 Scratch 網站度幾百萬嘅項目裏面

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由動畫故事

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到學校科學專題研究

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動漫劇集

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虛擬建築工具箱

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經典電玩遊戲嘅重新製作

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民意調查

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三角幾何學教學

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互動藝術作品都應有盡有

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當然仲有互動嘅母親節賀卡

NOTE Paragraph

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所以我認為啲人可以透過呢個軟件

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用好多唔用嘅方式表達自己嘅心意

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仲有記低同埋分享俾全世界知
佢哋嘅諗法

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而且，佢唔止剩係喺電腦螢幕裏面

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你可以寫一啲
可以同你周圍現實世界互動嘅編碼

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呢裏有一個嚟自香港嘅例子

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呢啲小朋友做咗一個遊戲

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佢哋整咗一個實體介面裝置

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個裝置有一個光感應器

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呢個感應器會感應塊板上面嘅窿

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當佢哋郁把鋸時

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個感應器可以探測到個窿

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從而控制螢幕上嘅一把虛擬嘅鋸去鋸樹

NOTE Paragraph

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至於我哋，我哋會繼續搵新嘅方式

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將現實世界同虛擬世界帶到黎

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去連接我哋嘅世界

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呢個係 Scratch 嘅新版本

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將會喺幾個月之內發佈

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我哋希望再次帶俾你新方向

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舉個例

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有個程式需要用到網絡攝影機

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當我移動我隻手

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我可以戳穿氣球或者郁一條蟲

00:08:26.348 --> 00:08:28.393
呢樣有啲似微軟嘅 Kinect 裝置

00:08:28.393 --> 00:08:30.969
你可以用唔同姿勢同裏面嘅世界互動

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但除咗玩其他人嘅遊戲

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你可以自己寫遊戲

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如果你見到人哋嘅遊戲

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你只需要講「查看裏邊」

00:08:39.218 --> 00:08:42.372
你就可以睇到嗰堆控制遊戲嘅積木

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呢舊新積木顯示影像動作嘅幅度

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如果有大動作

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佢就會指示個氣球爆開

NOTE Paragraph

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呢樣嘢用同一方式

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利用相機收集資料輸入到 Scratch

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你亦可以用咪

00:09:00.843 --> 00:09:04.247
呢個係一個利用咪創作嘅例子

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你哋都可以用你哋嘅聲音控制呢個遊戲

NOTE Paragraph

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(蟋蟀叫聲) (大嗌) (咀嚼聲)

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(笑聲) (呼叫) (蝙蝠跌落聲)

00:09:33.728 --> 00:09:39.492
（掌聲）

NOTE Paragraph

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當小朋友哋喺度創作呢啲項目嘅時候

00:09:45.917 --> 00:09:47.692
佢哋係學梗寫編碼

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但更重要嘅係

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佢哋係從寫編碼中學習

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因為喺學習寫編碼嘅過程中

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佢哋學到其他好多嘢

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得到好多學習嘅新機會

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同樣地

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閱讀同寫作嘅比喻喺呢度可以用到

00:10:04.491 --> 00:10:06.851
當你學習閱讀同寫作嘅時候

00:10:06.851 --> 00:10:10.121
佢提供你學習其他更多事物嘅機會

00:10:10.491 --> 00:10:12.111
當你學習閱讀嘅時候

00:10:12.111 --> 00:10:14.251
你同時係透過閱讀去學習

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寫編碼都係一樣

00:10:16.199 --> 00:10:17.269
當你學寫編碼嘅時候

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你會學到其他嘢

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有啲你可以學嘅嘢係睇得到嘅

00:10:21.540 --> 00:10:24.038
譬如你會知道電腦點樣運作

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但呢樣只係第一樣

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當你學寫編碼

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佢為你打開學習其他好多嘢嘅大門

NOTE Paragraph

00:10:31.196 --> 00:10:32.942
等我舉個例

00:10:33.412 --> 00:10:35.052
呢度有另一個項目

00:10:35.692 --> 00:10:37.222
我第一次見到佢

00:10:37.222 --> 00:10:40.462
係當我參觀一間電腦俱樂部嘅時候

00:10:40.462 --> 00:10:43.612
呢啲係我哋協助成立嘅課後學習中心

00:10:43.612 --> 00:10:46.324
幫助嚟自低收入社群嘅青年

00:10:46.324 --> 00:10:50.083
學習點樣利用新科技創意噉表達自己

00:10:50.083 --> 00:10:52.878
幾年前當我去其中一個俱樂部時

00:10:52.878 --> 00:10:54.523
我見到一個十三歲嘅男仔

00:10:54.523 --> 00:10:56.683
用梗我哋嘅 Scratch 軟件

00:10:56.683 --> 00:10:59.499
去寫一個類似呢個嘅遊戲

00:10:59.499 --> 00:11:00.869
對於自己嘅遊戲

00:11:00.869 --> 00:11:02.522
佢非常開心同自豪

00:11:02.952 --> 00:11:05.387
但佢想做更加多

00:11:05.647 --> 00:11:07.691
佢想個遊戲可以計到分

00:11:07.691 --> 00:11:10.767
佢個遊戲係玩大魚食細魚

00:11:11.007 --> 00:11:12.854
佢希望可以做到計分

00:11:12.854 --> 00:11:17.072
令每一次大魚食小魚嘅時候

00:11:17.072 --> 00:11:19.611
分數會增加同埋記低落嚟

00:11:19.611 --> 00:11:21.513
但佢唔識得整

00:11:22.123 --> 00:11:24.388
所以我就話俾佢知點整

00:11:24.388 --> 00:11:25.388
喺 Scratch 裏面

00:11:25.388 --> 00:11:27.965
你可以建立一樣嘢叫「變量」

00:11:28.555 --> 00:11:30.322
我會叫佢做「分數」

00:11:32.092 --> 00:11:34.923
跟著個軟件會幫你建立幾個新積木

00:11:34.923 --> 00:11:37.409
並且會建立一個細嘅計分板

00:11:37.409 --> 00:11:39.079
記錄分數

00:11:39.589 --> 00:11:43.361
當我每次點擊「更新分數」嘅時候

00:11:43.361 --> 00:11:44.841
分數就會增加

00:11:44.841 --> 00:11:47.476
於是我話咗呢樣嘢俾呢名俱樂部會員知

00:11:47.476 --> 00:11:49.307
就叫佢做域他

00:11:49.307 --> 00:11:52.869
當域他見到
呢個積木可以幫佢增加分數時

00:11:52.869 --> 00:11:54.685
佢即刻知道點做

00:11:54.685 --> 00:11:59.989
佢將個積木擺喺佢嘅程式入面

00:11:59.989 --> 00:12:03.156
就擺喺大魚食小魚嗰部分

00:12:04.976 --> 00:12:09.259
於是，每次當大魚食小魚

00:12:09.679 --> 00:12:11.394
佢都可以令到個分數增加

00:12:11.394 --> 00:12:14.534
每次增加一分

00:12:15.894 --> 00:12:17.191
個計分仲係正常運作

00:12:17.451 --> 00:12:19.401
佢見到噉樣，佢非常之興奮

00:12:19.401 --> 00:12:20.884
佢伸隻手過嚟

00:12:20.884 --> 00:12:23.433
同我講: 「唔該，唔該，唔該」

00:12:23.833 --> 00:12:25.502
呢個時候我諗

00:12:25.502 --> 00:12:27.164
學校裡面嘅老師有幾多時會

00:12:27.164 --> 00:12:30.164
因為教咗學生「變量」呢樣嘢
而有學生唔該佢哋呢?

00:12:30.164 --> 00:12:31.947
(笑聲)

00:12:31.947 --> 00:12:34.248
呢樣好少喺喺課室發生

00:12:34.248 --> 00:12:36.248
噉係因為喺大部分嘅課室

00:12:36.248 --> 00:12:38.147
當小朋友學習變量嗰陣

00:12:38.147 --> 00:12:40.085
佢哋唔知道佢哋學呢樣嘢嘅原因

00:12:40.085 --> 00:12:42.536
佢哋冇應用嘅機會

00:12:42.766 --> 00:12:44.928
當你喺 Scratch 學習類似概念時

00:12:44.928 --> 00:12:49.031
你可以透過一種
有意義、可以推動到你嘅方式學習

00:12:49.031 --> 00:12:52.021
令你明白學習變量嘅原因

00:12:52.021 --> 00:12:55.303
我哋見到小朋友更深入
更好地學習呢樣嘢

00:12:55.303 --> 00:12:58.629
我肯定域他佢喺學校有學過變量

00:12:58.629 --> 00:13:00.707
只係因為佢冇上堂冇留心啫

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宜家，佢終於有一個學習變量嘅原因

00:13:03.040 --> 00:13:06.584
所以當你學編碼
並透過編碼去學習

00:13:06.584 --> 00:13:08.508
你就係有意義噉去學習

00:13:08.508 --> 00:13:10.948
而呢個就係最好嘅學習方法

NOTE Paragraph

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所以當好似域他噉嘅小朋友
整梗佢哋嘅項目嗰陣

00:13:14.403 --> 00:13:17.507
佢哋係學梗好似變量呢啲重要嘅概念

00:13:17.507 --> 00:13:19.405
但呢個只係第一樣嘢

00:13:19.605 --> 00:13:21.765
當域他做梗呢個項目

00:13:21.765 --> 00:13:23.567
寫梗啲程式碼嘅時候

00:13:23.567 --> 00:13:26.606
佢係學梗設計嘅過程

00:13:26.746 --> 00:13:29.232
點樣將一個諗法

00:13:29.232 --> 00:13:32.332
變成一個完整、可以運作嘅軟件

00:13:32.332 --> 00:13:34.259
就好似你睇到佢噉

00:13:34.259 --> 00:13:38.709
所以佢喺度學梗好多
唔同嘅、核心嘅設計原理

00:13:38.709 --> 00:13:41.731
學點樣測試新諗法

00:13:41.731 --> 00:13:46.436
學點樣將複雜諗法拆做細小嘅嘢

00:13:46.436 --> 00:13:49.596
點樣同其他人做項目

00:13:49.596 --> 00:13:52.976
點樣喺出錯嗰陣，搵出同糾正錯誤

00:13:52.976 --> 00:13:55.957
就算當事情唔係咁如意
面對挫折嘅時候

00:13:55.957 --> 00:13:58.971
點樣堅持不懈

00:13:59.311 --> 00:14:01.386
呢啲都係重要嘅技能

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唔係剩係同編碼有關

00:14:03.869 --> 00:14:06.827
佢哋都同所有唔同嘅活動有關

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冇人知道域他長大之會唔會

NOTE Paragraph

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成為一個程式員

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或者專業計算機科學家?

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可能唔太可能啦

00:14:14.708 --> 00:14:16.706
唔理佢將來會做乜

00:14:16.706 --> 00:14:20.370
佢呢啲學返嚟嘅設計技能
仍然都會用得著

00:14:20.370 --> 00:14:22.944
不管佢將來係唔係
會成為一個市場推廣經理

00:14:22.944 --> 00:14:25.904
工程師，或者社區組織者

00:14:25.904 --> 00:14:28.360
呢啲概念對於每一個人嚟講都好有用

00:14:28.360 --> 00:14:29.070
再一次

00:14:29.070 --> 00:14:32.762
用語言呢個比喻去諗呢件事係有用嘅

00:14:32.762 --> 00:14:36.038
當你可以流暢噉閱讀同寫作時

00:14:36.038 --> 00:14:41.189
唔代表你會做一個專業嘅作家

00:14:41.189 --> 00:14:43.736
好少人會成為專業作家

00:14:44.076 --> 00:14:45.556
但對所有人嚟講

00:14:45.556 --> 00:14:47.304
學習閱讀同寫作係有用嘅

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呢個同寫編碼係同一道理

00:14:49.399 --> 00:14:51.181
大部分人喺長大之後唔會成為

00:14:51.181 --> 00:14:55.210
專業計算機科學家或者程式員

00:14:55.210 --> 00:15:00.098
但創意思維、有系統嘅推論、同人合作

00:15:00.098 --> 00:15:02.712
呢啲喺 Scratch 寫編碼嗰陣
發展出嚟嘅技能

00:15:02.712 --> 00:15:07.224
喺任何職業都可以用到

NOTE Paragraph

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唔剩止你份工

00:15:09.600 --> 00:15:10.830
寫編碼可以

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令你喺平日生活裏邊

00:15:12.326 --> 00:15:15.496
表達你嘅諗法同情感

00:15:15.496 --> 00:15:18.169
就俾我再講多一個例子嚟到結束

00:15:19.329 --> 00:15:21.296
呢個例子係關於

00:15:21.296 --> 00:15:25.764
我將母親節卡發比媽咪之後

00:15:25.764 --> 00:15:28.865
佢決定要學習用 Scratch

00:15:28.865 --> 00:15:31.896
於是佢喺我嘅生日嗰時整咗呢個項目

00:15:31.896 --> 00:15:35.472
發咗張 Scratch 生日卡俾我

00:15:35.472 --> 00:15:39.328
雖然宜家呢個作品唔會贏到設計獎

00:15:39.328 --> 00:15:40.988
而且你可以坐係度好肯定

00:15:40.988 --> 00:15:42.303
我 83 歲嘅媽媽

00:15:42.303 --> 00:15:44.980
唔係為咗受訓成為專業程式員

00:15:44.980 --> 00:15:46.760
或者計算機科學家

00:15:46.760 --> 00:15:49.512
但做呢個項目令到佢

00:15:49.512 --> 00:15:52.178
可以連繫著佢關心嘅人

00:15:52.178 --> 00:15:55.246
同埋令佢繼續學習新嘢

00:15:55.246 --> 00:15:57.718
令佢繼續用佢嘅創意

00:15:57.718 --> 00:16:00.593
令佢發展新嘅方式去表達自己

NOTE Paragraph

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所以，當我哋留意

00:16:03.764 --> 00:16:05.054
我哋可以見到

00:16:05.054 --> 00:16:07.368
彭博喺度學梗寫編碼電腦程式

00:16:07.368 --> 00:16:10.018
所有愛沙尼亞嘅小朋友都喺度學梗編碼

00:16:10.018 --> 00:16:12.218
甚至連我阿媽都喺度學編碼

00:16:12.218 --> 00:16:15.840
你唔覺得你係時候學寫編碼嗎?

00:16:16.282 --> 00:16:18.095
如果你有興趣試下

00:16:18.095 --> 00:16:20.991
我會鼓勵你上 Scratch 網站

00:16:20.991 --> 00:16:22.946
scratch.mit.edu

00:16:22.946 --> 00:16:24.378
跟著試下寫編碼

NOTE Paragraph

00:16:24.378 --> 00:16:25.656
多謝哂

00:16:25.656 --> 00:16:26.866
(掌聲)