[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.65,0:00:03.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a Saturday afternoon in May,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.83,0:00:06.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I suddenly realized
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.34,0:00:09.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the next day was Mother's Day,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.80,0:00:11.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I hadn't gotten anything for my mom,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.64,0:00:13.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I started thinking about
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.04,0:00:15.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what should I get my mom for Mother's Day?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.38,0:00:17.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought, why don't I make her
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.23,0:00:20.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an interactive Mother's Day card
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.28,0:00:22.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using the Scratch software that I'd been developing
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.98,0:00:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with my research group at the MIT Media Lab?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.80,0:00:30.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We developed it so that people could easily create
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.18,0:00:34.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their own interactive stories and games and animations,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.42,0:00:38.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then share their creations with one another.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.19,0:00:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I thought, this would be an opportunity to use Scratch
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.06,0:00:44.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make an interactive card for my mom.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.96,0:00:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before making my own Mother's Day card,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.14,0:00:49.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought I would take a look
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.12,0:00:50.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the Scratch website.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.70,0:00:54.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So over the last several years, kids around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.05,0:00:57.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ages 8 and up, have shared their projects,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.25,0:01:00.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I thought, I wonder if, of those three million projects,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.68,0:01:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether anyone else has thought to put up Mother's Day cards.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.07,0:01:07.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in the search box I typed in
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.06,0:01:08.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Mother's Day,"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.61,0:01:11.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I was surprised and delighted to see a list
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.61,0:01:14.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of dozens and dozens of Mother's Day cards
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.31,0:01:16.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that showed up on the Scratch website,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.83,0:01:19.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many of them just in the past 24 hours
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.14,0:01:22.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by procrastinators just like myself.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.35,0:01:25.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I started taking a look at them. (Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.47,0:01:27.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw one of them that featured a kitten
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.93,0:01:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and her mom and wishing her mom a happy Mother's Day.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.80,0:01:37.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the creator very considerately
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.33,0:01:40.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,offered a replay for her mom.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.84,0:01:43.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another one was an interactive project where,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.22,0:01:46.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you moved the mouse over the letters of "Happy Mom Day,"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.42,0:01:51.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it reveals a special happy Mother's Day slogan.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.34,0:01:55.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music) In this one, the creator told a narrative
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.32,0:01:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how she had Googled to find out
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.98,0:02:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when Mother's Day was happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.10,0:02:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Typing) And then once she found out when Mother's Day was happening,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.24,0:02:07.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she delivered a special Mother's Day greeting
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.72,0:02:11.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of how much she loved her mom.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.34,0:02:13.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I really enjoyed looking at these projects
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.57,0:02:15.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and interacting with these projects.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.22,0:02:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, I liked it so much that, instead of making my own project,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.06,0:02:23.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I sent my mom links to about a dozen of these projects. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.82,0:02:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And actually, she reacted exactly the way that I hoped that she would.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.40,0:02:28.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She wrote back to me and she said,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.78,0:02:32.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I'm so proud to have a son that created the software
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.05,0:02:36.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that allowed these kids to make Mother's Day cards for their mothers."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.16,0:02:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my mom was happy, and that made me happy,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.96,0:02:44.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but actually I was even happier for another reason.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.58,0:02:48.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was happy because these kids were using Scratch
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.54,0:02:51.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just in the way that we had hoped that they would.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.34,0:02:54.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As they created their interactive Mother's Day cards,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.16,0:02:56.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you could see that they were really
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.44,0:02:59.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,becoming fluent with new technologies.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.75,0:03:01.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do I mean by fluent?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.21,0:03:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean that they were able to start expressing themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.24,0:03:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to start expressing their ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.02,0:03:10.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you become fluent with language,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.67,0:03:14.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it means you can write an entry in your journal
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.21,0:03:18.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or tell a joke to someone or write a letter to a friend.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.26,0:03:21.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's similar with new technologies.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.42,0:03:25.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By writing, be creating these interactive Mother's Day cards,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.60,0:03:28.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these kids were showing that they were really fluent
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.13,0:03:29.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with new technologies.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.81,0:03:32.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now maybe you won't be so surprised by this,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.57,0:03:35.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because a lot of times people feel that
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.27,0:03:38.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,young people today can do all sorts of things with technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.67,0:03:43.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, all of us have heard young people referred to as "digital natives."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.13,0:03:46.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But actually I'm sort of skeptical about this term.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.92,0:03:50.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not so sure we should be thinking of young people as digital natives.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.43,0:03:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you really look at it, how is it that young people
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.98,0:03:56.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spend most of their time using new technologies?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.52,0:04:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You often see them in situations like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.04,0:04:02.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.23,0:04:03.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's no doubt that young people
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.75,0:04:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are very comfortable and familiar browsing
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.07,0:04:11.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and chatting and texting and gaming.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.59,0:04:14.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that doesn't really make you fluent.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.79,0:04:18.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So young people today have lots of experience
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.75,0:04:22.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and lots of familiarity with interacting with new technologies,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.54,0:04:25.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but a lot less so of creating with new technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.95,0:04:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and expressing themselves with new technologies.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.92,0:04:31.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's almost as if they can read
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.31,0:04:34.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not write with new technologies.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.64,0:04:38.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm really interested in seeing, how can we help young people become fluent
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.54,0:04:41.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they can write with new technologies?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.07,0:04:44.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that really means that they need to be able to
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.43,0:04:48.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,write their own computer programs, or code.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.94,0:04:51.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, increasingly, people are starting to recognize
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.65,0:04:54.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the importance of learning to code.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.96,0:04:57.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, in recent years, there have been
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.56,0:05:00.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hundreds of new organizations and websites
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.45,0:05:03.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are helping young people learn to code.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.75,0:05:07.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You look online, you'll see places like Codecademy
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.34,0:05:09.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and events like CoderDojo
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.71,0:05:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sites like Girls Who Code,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.14,0:05:13.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Black Girls Code.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.83,0:05:16.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It seems that everybody is getting into the act.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.94,0:05:19.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, just at the beginning of this year,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.52,0:05:20.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the turn of the new year,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.89,0:05:23.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.55,0:05:25.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made a New Year's resolution that he was going to learn
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.81,0:05:28.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to code in 2012.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.59,0:05:31.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A few months later, the country of Estonia decided that
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.76,0:05:35.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of its first graders should learn to code.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.41,0:05:38.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that triggered a debate in the U.K.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.20,0:05:42.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about whether all the children there should learn to code.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.51,0:05:45.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, for some of you, when you hear about this,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.36,0:05:48.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it might seem sort of strange about everybody learning to code.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.96,0:05:52.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When many people think of coding, they think of it
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.11,0:05:55.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as something that only a very narrow sub-community
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.69,0:05:58.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of people are going to be doing,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.35,0:06:01.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they think of coding looking like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.27,0:06:03.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in fact, if this is what coding is like,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.44,0:06:05.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will only be a narrow sub-community of people
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.93,0:06:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with special mathematical skills and technological background
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.00,0:06:11.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can code.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.27,0:06:13.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But coding doesn't have to be like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.77,0:06:17.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me show you about what it's like to code in Scratch.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.75,0:06:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in Scratch, to code, you just snap blocks together.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.03,0:06:23.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this case, you take a move block,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.94,0:06:25.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,snap it into a stack,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.71,0:06:28.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the stacks of blocks control the behaviors
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.47,0:06:31.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the different characters in your game or your story,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.99,0:06:34.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this case controlling the big fish.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.29,0:06:37.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After you've created your program, you can click on "share,"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.74,0:06:40.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then share your project with other people,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.82,0:06:42.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they can use the project
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.64,0:06:45.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and start working on the project as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.61,0:06:48.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, of course, making a fish game isn't the only thing
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.93,0:06:50.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can do with Scratch.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.58,0:06:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of the millions of projects on the Scratch website,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.56,0:06:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's everything from animated stories
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.38,0:06:57.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to school science projects
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.80,0:06:59.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to anime soap operas
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.86,0:07:02.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to virtual construction kits
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.18,0:07:04.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to recreations of classic video games
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.90,0:07:07.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to political opinion polls
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.17,0:07:09.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to trigonometry tutorials
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.81,0:07:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to interactive artwork, and, yes,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.73,0:07:15.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interactive Mother's Day cards.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.51,0:07:18.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I think there's so many different ways
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.55,0:07:22.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people can express themselves using this,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.01,0:07:25.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be able to take their ideas and share their ideas with the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.41,0:07:27.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it doesn't just stay on the screen.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.97,0:07:31.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can also code to interact with the physical world around you.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.74,0:07:34.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's an example from Hong Kong,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.22,0:07:35.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where some kids made a game
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.62,0:07:38.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then built their own physical interface device
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.90,0:07:41.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and had a light sensor, so the light sensor
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.80,0:07:43.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,detects the hole in the board,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.74,0:07:45.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so as they move the physical saw,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.94,0:07:48.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the light sensor detects the hole
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.18,0:07:51.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and controls the virtual saw on the screen
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.13,0:07:53.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and saws down the tree.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.91,0:07:56.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to continue to look at new ways
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.02,0:07:59.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of bringing together the physical world and the virtual world
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.08,0:08:02.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and connecting to the world around us.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.01,0:08:04.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is an example from a new version of Scratch
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.24,0:08:07.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we'll be releasing in the next few months,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.86,0:08:09.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're looking again to be able
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.91,0:08:11.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to push you in new directions.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.61,0:08:13.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's an example.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.87,0:08:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It uses the webcam.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.95,0:08:22.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as I move my hand, I can pop the balloons
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.80,0:08:25.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or I can move the bug.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.69,0:08:28.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's a little bit like Microsoft Kinect,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.25,0:08:30.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you interact with gestures in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.97,0:08:33.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But instead of just playing someone else's game,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.21,0:08:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you get to create the games,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.46,0:08:36.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you see someone else's game,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.84,0:08:39.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can just say "see inside,"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.48,0:08:42.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can look at the stacks of blocks that control it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.37,0:08:45.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's a new block that says how much video motion there is,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.93,0:08:49.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then, if there's so much video motion,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.05,0:08:52.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will then tell the balloon to pop.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.43,0:08:54.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The same way that this uses the camera
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.81,0:08:57.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get information into Scratch,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.32,0:09:00.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can also use the microphone.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.32,0:09:04.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's an example of a project using the microphone.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.31,0:09:06.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm going to let all of you control this game
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.71,0:09:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using your voices.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.95,0:09:25.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Crickets chirping) (Shouts) (Chomping)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.41,0:09:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.04,0:09:42.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.82,0:09:45.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As kids are creating projects like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.43,0:09:47.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're learning to code,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.69,0:09:51.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but even more importantly, they're coding to learn.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.63,0:09:53.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because as they learn to code,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.92,0:09:57.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it enables them to learn many other things,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.24,0:10:00.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opens up many new opportunities for learning.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.11,0:10:04.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, it's useful to make an analogy to reading and writing.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.49,0:10:07.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you learn to read and write, it opens up
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.43,0:10:10.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opportunities for you to learn so many other things.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.49,0:10:14.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you learn to read, you can then read to learn.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.25,0:10:16.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's the same thing with coding.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.44,0:10:18.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you learn to code, you can code to learn.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.99,0:10:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now some of the things you can learn are sort of obvious.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.54,0:10:24.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You learn more about how computers work.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.04,0:10:26.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that's just where it starts.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.36,0:10:28.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you learn to code, it opens up for you to learn
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.95,0:10:31.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many other things.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.20,0:10:33.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me show you an example.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.54,0:10:35.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's another project,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.81,0:10:38.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I saw this when I was visiting
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.08,0:10:40.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the computer clubhouses.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.22,0:10:43.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are after-school learning centers that we helped start
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.24,0:10:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that help young people from low-income communities
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.00,0:10:50.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,learn to express themselves creatively with new technologies.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.08,0:10:52.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I went to one of the clubhouses a couple years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.88,0:10:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw a 13-year-old boy who was using our Scratch software
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.60,0:10:59.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to create a game somewhat like this one,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.50,0:11:02.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was very happy with his game and proud of his game,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.42,0:11:05.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also he wanted to do more.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.39,0:11:07.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He wanted to keep score.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.69,0:11:10.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this was a game where the big fish eats the little fish,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.77,0:11:13.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he wanted to keep score, so that each time
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.69,0:11:17.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the big fish eats the little fish,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.07,0:11:19.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the score would go up and it would keep track,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.61,0:11:22.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he didn't know how to do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.12,0:11:24.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I showed him.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.39,0:11:27.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Scratch, you can create something called a variable.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.96,0:11:32.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll call it score.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.09,0:11:34.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that creates some new blocks for you,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.92,0:11:39.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also creates a little scoreboard that keeps track of the score,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.59,0:11:44.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so each time I click on "change score," it increments the score.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.84,0:11:47.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I showed this to the clubhouse member --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.37,0:11:50.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's call him Victor -- and Victor,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.07,0:11:52.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when he saw that this block would let him increment the score,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.87,0:11:54.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he knew exactly what to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.68,0:11:56.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He took the block
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.100,0:12:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he put it into the program
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.04,0:12:04.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exactly where the big fish eats the little fish.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.24,0:12:09.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So then, each time the big fish eats the little fish,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.26,0:12:15.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he will increment the score, and the score will go up by one.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.25,0:12:16.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's in fact working.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.95,0:12:19.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he saw this, and he was so excited,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.20,0:12:20.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he reached his hand out to me,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.88,0:12:23.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he said, "Thank you, thank you, thank you."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.43,0:12:25.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what went through my mind was,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.50,0:12:28.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how often is it that teachers are thanked by their students
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.54,0:12:31.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for teaching them variables? (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.95,0:12:34.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't happen in most classrooms,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.43,0:12:37.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that's because in most classrooms, when kids learn about variables,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.39,0:12:39.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't know why they're learning it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.90,0:12:42.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's nothing that, really, they can make use of.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.77,0:12:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you learn ideas like this in Scratch,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.93,0:12:49.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can learn it in a way that's really meaningful and motivating for you,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.03,0:12:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you can understand the reason for learning variables,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.02,0:12:54.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we see that kids learn it more deeply
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.06,0:12:55.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and learn it better.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.48,0:12:58.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Victor had, I'm sure, been taught about variables in schools,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.52,0:13:00.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he really didn't -- he wasn't paying attention.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.71,0:13:02.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now he had a reason for learning variables.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.99,0:13:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when you learn through coding, and coding to learn,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.06,0:13:10.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're learning it in a meaningful context, and that's the best way of learning things.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.95,0:13:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as kids like Victor are creating projects like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.40,0:13:17.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're learning important concepts like variables,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.19,0:13:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that's just the start.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.32,0:13:23.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As Victor worked on this project and created the scripts,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.16,0:13:26.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was also learning about the process of design,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.42,0:13:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to start with the glimmer of an idea
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.04,0:13:31.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and turn it into a fully-fledged, functioning project
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.94,0:13:34.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like you see here.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.45,0:13:38.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he was learning many different core principles of design,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.49,0:13:41.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how to experiment with new ideas,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.73,0:13:46.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to take complex ideas and break them down into simpler parts,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.44,0:13:49.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to collaborate with other people on your projects,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.43,0:13:52.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how to find and fix bugs when things go wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.88,0:13:55.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to keep persistent and to persevere
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.93,0:13:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the face of frustrations when things aren't working well.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.34,0:14:01.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now those are important skills
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.11,0:14:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that aren't just relevant for coding.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.98,0:14:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're relevant for all sorts of different activities.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.80,0:14:09.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, who knows if Victor is going to grow up and become
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.97,0:14:12.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a programmer or a professional computer scientist?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.90,0:14:14.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's probably not so likely,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.71,0:14:16.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but regardless of what he does,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.50,0:14:20.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he'll be able to make use of these design skills that he learned.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.20,0:14:22.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Regardless of whether he grows up to be a marketing manager
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.78,0:14:25.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a mechanic or a community organizer,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.90,0:14:28.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that these ideas are useful for everybody.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.36,0:14:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, it's useful to think about this analogy with language.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.28,0:14:36.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you become fluent with reading and writing,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.64,0:14:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not something that you're doing
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.08,0:14:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just to become a professional writer.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.04,0:14:43.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very few people become professional writers.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.74,0:14:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's useful for everybody to learn how to read and write.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.30,0:14:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, the same thing with coding.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.40,0:14:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most people won't grow up to become professional
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.62,0:14:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,computer scientists or programmers,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.84,0:14:57.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but those skills of thinking creatively,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.18,0:14:59.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reasoning systematically, working collaboratively --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.69,0:15:02.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,skills you develop when you code in Scratch --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.40,0:15:07.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are things that people can use no matter what they're doing in their work lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.22,0:15:09.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not just about your work life.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.60,0:15:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Coding can also enable you to
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.32,0:15:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,express your ideas and feelings in your personal life.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.50,0:15:18.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me end with just one more example.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.17,0:15:21.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is an example that came from
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.30,0:15:25.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after I had sent the Mother's Day cards to my mom,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.76,0:15:28.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she decided that she wanted to learn Scratch.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.86,0:15:31.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So she made this project for my birthday
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.90,0:15:35.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sent me a happy birthday Scratch card.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.47,0:15:39.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this project is not going to win any prizes for design,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.33,0:15:42.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can rest assured that my 83-year-old mom
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.30,0:15:46.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not training to become a professional programmer or computer scientist.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.54,0:15:49.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But working on this project enabled her
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.51,0:15:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make a connection to someone that she cares about
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.18,0:15:54.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and enabled her to keep on learning new things
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.99,0:15:57.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and continuing to practice her creativity
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.42,0:16:00.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and developing new ways of expressing herself.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.59,0:16:04.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as we take a look and we see that
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.80,0:16:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Michael Bloomberg is learning to code,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.37,0:16:10.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of the children of Estonia learn to code,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.02,0:16:12.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even my mom has learned to code,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.22,0:16:13.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't you think it's about time that you might be
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.99,0:16:15.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thinking about learning to code?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.90,0:16:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're interested in giving it a try,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.10,0:16:20.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd encourage you to go to the Scratch website.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.53,0:16:22.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's scratch.mit.edu,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.56,0:16:24.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and give a try at coding.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.38,0:16:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks very much. (Applause)