[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.26,0:00:19.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Intelligence, what is it?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.99,0:00:24.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we take a look back at the history\Nof how intelligence is being viewed,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.61,0:00:31.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one seminal example has been\NEdsger Dijkstra's famous quote
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.19,0:00:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the question of\Nwhether a machine can think
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.90,0:00:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is about as interesting as the question of
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.78,0:00:40.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether a submarine can swim.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.41,0:00:46.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, Edsger Dijkstra, when he wrote this,\Nintended it as a criticism
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.83,0:00:51.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of early pioneers of computer science\Nlike Alan Turing.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.68,0:00:55.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, if you take a look back
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.53,0:00:59.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and think about what have been\Nthe most empowering innovations
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.41,0:01:03.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that enabled us to build\Nartificial machines that swim
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.51,0:01:06.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and artificial machines that [fly],
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.39,0:01:10.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you find that it was only through\Nunderstanding the underlying
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.81,0:01:15.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,physical mechanisms of swimming\Nand flight that we were able
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.92,0:01:18.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to build these machines.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.44,0:01:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, several years ago,\NI undertook a program
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.02,0:01:26.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try to understand the fundamental\Nphysical mechanisms
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.49,0:01:29.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,underlying intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.28,0:01:32.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's take a step back.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.36,0:01:35.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's first begin\Nwith a thought experiment.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.61,0:01:38.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pretend that you're an alien race
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.02,0:01:42.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that doesn't know anything\Nabout Earth biology or Earth neuroscience
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.85,0:01:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Earth intelligence, but you have\Namazing telescopes
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.66,0:01:51.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're able to watch the Earth\Nand you have amazingly long lives
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.02,0:01:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you're able to watch the Earth\Nover millions, even billions of years.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.94,0:02:00.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you observe a really strange effect,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.36,0:02:03.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you observe that over the course\Nof the millennia,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.65,0:02:09.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Earth is continually bombarded\Nwith asteroids up until a point
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.80,0:02:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that at some point,\Ncorresponding roughly
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.22,0:02:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to our year 2000 AD, asteroids that are\Non a collision course with the Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.24,0:02:23.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that otherwise would have collided,\Nmysteriously get deflected
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.89,0:02:26.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or detonate before they can hit the Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.86,0:02:30.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, of course, as Earthlings,\Nwe know the reason would be
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.36,0:02:35.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're trying to save ourselves,\Nwe're trying to prevent an impact.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.09,0:02:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you're an alien race\Nthat doesn't know any of this,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.09,0:02:40.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that doesn't have any concept\Nof Earth intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.66,0:02:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'd be forced to put together
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.54,0:02:46.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a physical theory that explains how,\Nup until a certain point in time,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.92,0:02:51.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,asteroids thad would demolish\Nthe surface of the planet,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.26,0:02:55.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mysteriously stop doing that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.36,0:02:59.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I claim that this is the same question
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.61,0:03:03.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as understanding the physical\Nnature of intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.76,0:03:08.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in this program that I undertook\Nyears ago, I've looked at a variety
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.86,0:03:13.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of different threads in crossed science\Nacross a variety of disciplines,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.77,0:03:19.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pointing, I think, towards a single\Nunderlying mechanism for intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.91,0:03:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In cosmology, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.31,0:03:24.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there has been a variety\Nof different threads of evidence
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.97,0:03:29.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that our universe appears to be\Nfinely tuned for the development
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.70,0:03:33.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of intelligence, and in particular,\Nfor the development
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.36,0:03:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of universal states that maximize\Nthe diversity of possible futures.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.94,0:03:44.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In gameplay, for example in Go,\Neveryone remembers in 1997
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.40,0:03:48.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when IBM's Deep Blue beat\NGary Kasparov at chess.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.48,0:03:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fewer people are aware\Nthat in the past ten year or so,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.93,0:03:56.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the game of Go, arguably a much more\Nchallenging game because it has
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.14,0:04:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a much higher branching factor,\Nhas also started to succumb to computer
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.80,0:04:03.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,game players for the same reason.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.86,0:04:06.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The best techniques, right now,\Nfor computers playing Go,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.53,0:04:11.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are techniques that try to maximize\Nfuture options during gameplay.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.09,0:04:15.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, in robotic motion planning,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.69,0:04:17.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there has been a variety\Nof recent techniques
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.86,0:04:22.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have tried to take advantage\Nof abilities of robots to maximize
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.02,0:04:27.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,future freedom of action in order\Nto accomplish complex tasks.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.50,0:04:31.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, taking all of these different\Nthreads and putting them together,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.73,0:04:36.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I asked, starting several years ago,\Nis there an underlying mechanism
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.34,0:04:40.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for intelligence that we can factor out\Nof all of these different threads?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.51,0:04:45.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is there, as it were,\Na single equation for intelligence?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.99,0:04:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the answer, I believe, is yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.47,0:04:57.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you're seeing is probably the closest\Nequivalent to an E=mc2 for intelligence
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.47,0:05:00.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I certainly have ever seen.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.10,0:05:02.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what you're seeing here
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.37,0:05:07.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a statement of correspondence\Nthat intelligence is a Force (F)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.76,0:05:13.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that acts so as to maximize\Nfuture freedom of action;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.59,0:05:17.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It acts to maximize future freedom\Nof action or keep options open
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.32,0:05:19.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with some strength (T),
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.90,0:05:24.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the amount of the diversity\Nof possible accessible futures (S),
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.98,0:05:28.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up to some future time horizon (Ƭ).
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.32,0:05:30.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In short, intelligence doesn't like
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.61,0:05:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get trapped, intelligence tries\Nto maximize future freedom of action
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.50,0:05:39.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and keep options open.\NAnd so, given this one equation
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.53,0:05:42.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's natural to ask:\NSo, what can you do with this?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.44,0:05:45.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How predictive is it? Does it predict\Nhuman-level intelligence?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.86,0:05:48.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Does it predict artificial intelligence?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.61,0:05:53.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I'm going to show you now a video\Nthat will, I think, demonstrate
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.01,0:05:58.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of the amazing applications\Nof just this single equation.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.00,0:06:03.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Video) Recent research in cosmology\Nhas suggested that universes
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.36,0:06:07.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that produce more disorder or "entropy"\Nover their lifetimes should tend
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.53,0:06:11.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have more favorable conditions\Nfor the existence of intelligent beings
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.59,0:06:13.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.44,0:06:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what if that tentative\Ncosmological connection
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.76,0:06:19.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between entropy and intelligence\Nhints at a deeper relationship?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.45,0:06:22.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if intelligent behavior\Ndoesn't just correlate
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.01,0:06:26.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the production of long-term entropy,\Nbut actually emerges directly from it?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.58,0:06:30.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To find out, we developed\Na software engine called ENTROPICA
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.11,0:06:34.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,designed to maximize the production\Nof long-term entropy of any system
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.18,0:06:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it finds itself in.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.00,0:06:40.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Amazingly, ENTROPICA was able to pass\Nmultiple animal intelligence tests,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.64,0:06:43.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,play human games\Nand even earn money trading stocks;
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.77,0:06:46.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all without being instructed to do so.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.16,0:06:48.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here are some examples\Nof ENTROPICA in action:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.61,0:06:52.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like a human standing upright\Nwithout falling over, here we see
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.25,0:06:56.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ENTROPICA automatically\Nbalancing a pole using a cart.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.22,0:07:00.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This behavior is remarkable, in part,\Nbecause we never gave ENTROPICA a goal,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.34,0:07:03.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it simply decided on its own\Nto balance the pole.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.75,0:07:06.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This balancing ability would have\Napplications for humanoid robotics
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.100,0:07:09.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and human assistive technologies.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.62,0:07:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just as some animals can use\Nobjects in their environments
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.68,0:07:15.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as tools to reach into narrow spaces,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.06,0:07:18.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here we see that ENTROPICA,\Nagain on its own initiative,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.97,0:07:22.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was able to move a large disk,\Nrepresenting an animal,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.19,0:07:25.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around so as to cause a small disk,\Nrepresenting a tool,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.45,0:07:28.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reach into a confined space\Nholding a third disk
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.35,0:07:31.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and release the third disk\Nfrom its initially fixed position.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.95,0:07:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This tool usability would have application\Nfor smart manufacturing and agriculture.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.34,0:07:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In addition, just as some other animals\Nare able to cooperate
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.30,0:07:44.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by pulling opposite ends of a rope\Nat the same time to release food,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.04,0:07:46.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here we see that ENTROPICA\Nis able to accomplish
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.74,0:07:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a model version of that task.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.50,0:07:52.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This cooperative ability has interesting\Nimplications for economic planning
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.14,0:07:55.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a variety of other fields.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.45,0:07:59.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ENTROPICA is broadly applicable\Nto a variety of domains.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.29,0:08:03.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, here we see it successfully\Nplaying a game of pong against itself
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.37,0:08:06.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,illustrating its potential for gaming.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.10,0:08:09.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, we see ENTROPICA orchestrating
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.79,0:08:13.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,new connections on a social network\Nwhere friends are constantly
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.29,0:08:17.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,falling out of touch and successfully\Nkeeping the network well connected.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.67,0:08:22.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This same network orchestration ability\Nalso has applications in health care,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.25,0:08:25.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,energy and intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.40,0:08:28.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we see ENTROPICA directing\Nthe paths of a fleet of ships
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.82,0:08:33.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,successfully discovering and utilizing\Nthe Panama Canal to globally extend
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.26,0:08:35.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,its reach from the Atlantic\Nto the Pacific.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.95,0:08:39.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the same token, ENTROPICA\Nis broadly applicable to problems
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.25,0:08:43.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in autonomous defense,\Nlogistics and transportation.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.57,0:08:49.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, here we see ENTROPICA\Nspontaneously discovering and executing
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.37,0:08:53.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a buy low, sell high strategy\Non a simulated range traded stock
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.84,0:08:57.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,successfully growing assets\Nunder management exponentially.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.37,0:09:00.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This risk management ability\Nwould have broad applications
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.51,0:09:02.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in finance and insurance.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.48,0:09:12.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AWG: So, what you've just seen\Nis that a variety
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.11,0:09:16.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of signature human\Nintelligent cognitive behavior
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.20,0:09:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such us tool use and walking upright
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.49,0:09:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and social cooperation, all follow\Nfrom a single equation
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.26,0:09:29.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which drives a system to maximize\Nits future freedom of action.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.24,0:09:33.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, there's a profound irony here.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.24,0:09:37.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Going back to the beginning\Nof the usage of the term robot,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.50,0:09:41.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the play RUR,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.50,0:09:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was always a concept\Nthat if we develop machine, intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.34,0:09:52.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there will be a cybernetic revolt,\Nthat machines would rise up against us.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.45,0:09:58.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One major consequence of this work\Nis that maybe all of these decades
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.73,0:10:02.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've had the whole concept\Nof cybernetic revolt in reverse.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.77,0:10:06.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not that machines\Nfirst become intelligent
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.92,0:10:11.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then megalomaniacal,\Nand try to take over the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.28,0:10:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's quite the opposite:\Nthat the urge to take control
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.62,0:10:19.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of all possible futures\Nis a more fundamental principle
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.07,0:10:23.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than that of intelligence;\Nthat general intelligence may, in fact,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.95,0:10:28.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,emerge directly from this sort\Nof control grabbing,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.46,0:10:31.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than vice versa.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.59,0:10:36.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another important consequence\Nis goal seeking.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.65,0:10:42.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm often asked how does the ability\Nto seek goals follow from this framework
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.64,0:10:43.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the answer is:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.75,0:10:48.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ability to seek goals, for example\Nif you're playing the game of chess,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.54,0:10:53.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try to win that game of chess\Nin order to accomplish worldly goods
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.25,0:10:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and accomplishments outside of that game,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.81,0:10:59.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will follow directly from this\Nin the following sense:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.55,0:11:03.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just like you would travel\Nthrough a tunnel, a bottleneck,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.86,0:11:07.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in your future path space\Nin order to achieve many other
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.05,0:11:11.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diverse objectives later on\Nor just like you would invest
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.18,0:11:15.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a financial security reducing\Nyour short term liquidity
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.35,0:11:17.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to increase your wealth\Nover the long term,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.82,0:11:21.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,goal seeking emerges directly\Nfrom a long term drive
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.61,0:11:25.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to increase future freedom of action.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.57,0:11:29.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, the famous physicist\NRichard Feynman once wrote
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.36,0:11:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if human civilization were destroyed\Nand you could pass only a single concept
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.70,0:11:38.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on to our descendents\Nto help them rebuild civilization,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.52,0:11:41.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that concept should be\Nthat all matter around us
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.24,0:11:45.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is made out of tiny elements\Nthat attract each other
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.51,0:11:48.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they're far apart,\Nbut repel each other
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.34,0:11:50.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they're close together.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.13,0:11:53.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My equivalent to that statement\Nto pass on to descendents
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.47,0:11:55.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help them build\Nartificial intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.92,0:11:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or to help them to understand\Nhuman intelligence, is the following:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.11,0:12:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Intelligence should be viewed\Nas a physical process
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.54,0:12:06.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that tries to maximize\Nfuture freedom of action
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.49,0:12:09.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and avoid constraints in its own future.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.19,0:12:11.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.48,0:12:14.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)