[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Good morning. How are you? It's been great, hasn't it?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.00,0:00:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been blown away by the whole thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.00,0:00:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, I'm leaving. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.00,0:00:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There have been three themes, haven't there,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.00,0:00:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,running through the conference, which are relevant
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.00,0:00:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to what I want to talk about.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.00,0:00:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is the extraordinary evidence of human creativity
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.00,0:00:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in all of the presentations that we've had
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.00,0:00:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in all of the people here. Just the variety of it
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.00,0:00:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the range of it. The second is that
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.00,0:00:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's put us in a place where we have no idea what's going to happen,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.00,0:00:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terms of the future. No idea
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.00,0:00:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how this may play out.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.00,0:00:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have an interest in education --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.00,0:00:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually, what I find is everybody has an interest in education.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.00,0:00:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't you? I find this very interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.00,0:00:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're at a dinner party, and you say
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.00,0:00:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you work in education --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.00,0:01:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually, you're not often at dinner parties, frankly, if you work in education.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.00,0:01:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) You're not asked.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.00,0:01:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you're never asked back, curiously. That's strange to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.00,0:01:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you are, and you say to somebody,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.00,0:01:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, they say, "What do you do?"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.00,0:01:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you say you work in education,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.00,0:01:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can see the blood run from their face. They're like,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.00,0:01:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Oh my God," you know, "Why me? My one night out all week." (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.00,0:01:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you ask about their education,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.00,0:01:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they pin you to the wall. Because it's one of those things
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.00,0:01:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that goes deep with people, am I right?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.00,0:01:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like religion, and money and other things.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.00,0:01:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have a big interest in education, and I think we all do.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.00,0:01:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have a huge vested interest in it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.00,0:01:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,partly because it's education that's meant to
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.00,0:01:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take us into this future that we can't grasp.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.00,0:01:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you think of it, children starting school this year
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.00,0:02:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be retiring in 2065. Nobody has a clue --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.00,0:02:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,despite all the expertise that's been on parade for the past four days --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.00,0:02:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what the world will look like
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.00,0:02:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in five years' time. And yet we're meant
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.00,0:02:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be educating them for it. So the unpredictability, I think,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.00,0:02:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is extraordinary.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.00,0:02:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the third part of this is that
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.00,0:02:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've all agreed, nonetheless, on the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.00,0:02:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really extraordinary capacities that children have --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.00,0:02:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their capacities for innovation. I mean, Sirena last night was a marvel,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.00,0:02:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wasn't she? Just seeing what she could do.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.00,0:02:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she's exceptional, but I think she's not, so to speak,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.00,0:02:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exceptional in the whole of childhood.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.00,0:02:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you have there is a person of extraordinary dedication
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.00,0:02:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who found a talent. And my contention is,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.00,0:02:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all kids have tremendous talents.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.00,0:02:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we squander them, pretty ruthlessly.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.00,0:02:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I want to talk about education and
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.00,0:02:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to talk about creativity. My contention is that
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.00,0:02:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,creativity now is as important in education as literacy,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.00,0:02:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we should treat it with the same status.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.00,0:03:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause) Thank you. That was it, by the way.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.00,0:03:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much. (Laughter) So, 15 minutes left.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.00,0:03:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I was born ... no. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.00,0:03:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I heard a great story recently -- I love telling it --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.00,0:03:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a little girl who was in a drawing lesson. She was six
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.00,0:03:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she was at the back, drawing,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.00,0:03:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the teacher said this little girl hardly ever
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.00,0:03:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,paid attention, and in this drawing lesson she did.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.00,0:03:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The teacher was fascinated and she went over to her
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.00,0:03:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she said, "What are you drawing?"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.00,0:03:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the girl said, "I'm drawing a picture of God."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.00,0:03:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the teacher said, "But nobody knows what God looks like."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.00,0:03:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the girl said, "They will in a minute."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.00,0:03:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.00,0:03:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When my son was four in England --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.00,0:04:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually he was four everywhere, to be honest. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.00,0:04:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we're being strict about it, wherever he went, he was four that year.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.00,0:04:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was in the Nativity play.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.00,0:04:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you remember the story? No, it was big.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.00,0:04:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a big story. Mel Gibson did the sequel.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.00,0:04:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You may have seen it: "Nativity II." But James got the part of Joseph,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.00,0:04:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which we were thrilled about.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.00,0:04:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We considered this to be one of the lead parts.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.00,0:04:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had the place crammed full of agents in T-shirts:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.00,0:04:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"James Robinson IS Joseph!" (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.00,0:04:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He didn't have to speak, but you know the bit
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.00,0:04:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the three kings come in. They come in bearing gifts,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.00,0:04:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they bring gold, frankincense and myrhh.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.00,0:04:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This really happened. We were sitting there
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.00,0:04:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think they just went out of sequence,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.00,0:04:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we talked to the little boy afterward and we said,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.00,0:04:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You OK with that?" And he said, "Yeah, why? Was that wrong?"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.00,0:04:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They just switched, that was it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.00,0:04:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anyway, the three boys came in --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.00,0:04:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,four-year-olds with tea towels on their heads --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.00,0:04:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they put these boxes down,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.00,0:04:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the first boy said, "I bring you gold."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.00,0:04:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the second boy said, "I bring you myrhh."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.00,0:05:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the third boy said, "Frank sent this." (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.00,0:05:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What these things have in common is that kids will take a chance.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.00,0:05:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they don't know, they'll have a go.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.00,0:05:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Am I right? They're not frightened of being wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.00,0:05:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I don't mean to say that being wrong is the same thing as being creative.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.00,0:05:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we do know is,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.00,0:05:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you're not prepared to be wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.00,0:05:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll never come up with anything original --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.00,0:05:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you're not prepared to be wrong. And by the time they get to be adults,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.00,0:05:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most kids have lost that capacity.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.00,0:05:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have become frightened of being wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.00,0:05:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we run our companies like this, by the way.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.00,0:05:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We stigmatize mistakes. And we're now running
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.00,0:05:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,national education systems where
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.00,0:05:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mistakes are the worst thing you can make.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.00,0:05:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the result is that we are educating people out of
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.00,0:05:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their creative capacities. Picasso once said this --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.00,0:05:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he said that all children are born artists.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.00,0:06:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem is to remain an artist as we grow up. I believe this passionately,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.00,0:06:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we don't grow into creativity,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.00,0:06:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we grow out of it. Or rather, we get educated out if it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.00,0:06:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So why is this?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.00,0:06:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I lived in Stratford-on-Avon until about five years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.00,0:06:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.00,0:06:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can imagine what a seamless transition that was.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.00,0:06:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Actually,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.00,0:06:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we lived in a place called Snitterfield,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.00,0:06:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just outside Stratford, which is where
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.00,0:06:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shakespeare's father was born. Are you struck by a new thought? I was.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.00,0:06:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't think of Shakespeare having a father, do you?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.00,0:06:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you? Because you don't think of
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.00,0:06:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shakespeare being a child, do you?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.00,0:06:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shakespeare being seven? I never thought of it. I mean, he was
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.00,0:06:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seven at some point. He was in
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.00,0:06:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,somebody's English class, wasn't he? How annoying would that be?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.00,0:07:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) "Must try harder." Being sent to bed by his dad, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.00,0:07:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Shakespeare, "Go to bed, now,"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.00,0:07:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to William Shakespeare, "and put the pencil down.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.00,0:07:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And stop speaking like that. It's confusing everybody."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.00,0:07:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.00,0:07:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anyway, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.00,0:07:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I just want to say a word about the transition, actually.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.00,0:07:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My son didn't want to come.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.00,0:07:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've got two kids. He's 21 now; my daughter's 16.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.00,0:07:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He didn't want to come to Los Angeles. He loved it,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.00,0:07:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he had a girlfriend in England. This was the love of his life, Sarah.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.00,0:07:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He'd known her for a month.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.00,0:07:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mind you, they'd had their fourth anniversary,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.00,0:07:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's a long time when you're 16.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.00,0:07:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anyway, he was really upset on the plane,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.00,0:07:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he said, "I'll never find another girl like Sarah."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.00,0:07:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we were rather pleased about that, frankly,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.00,0:08:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because she was the main reason we were leaving the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.00,0:08:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.00,0:08:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But something strikes you when you move to America
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.00,0:08:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when you travel around the world:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.00,0:08:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every education system on earth has the same hierarchy of subjects.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.00,0:08:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every one. Doesn't matter where you go.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.00,0:08:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'd think it would be otherwise, but it isn't.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.00,0:08:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the top are mathematics and languages,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.00,0:08:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then the humanities, and the bottom are the arts.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.00,0:08:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everywhere on Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.00,0:08:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in pretty much every system too,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.00,0:08:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a hierarchy within the arts.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.00,0:08:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Art and music are normally given a higher status in schools
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.00,0:08:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than drama and dance. There isn't an education system on the planet
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.00,0:08:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that teaches dance everyday to children
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.00,0:08:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way we teach them mathematics. Why?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.00,0:08:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why not? I think this is rather important.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.00,0:08:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think math is very important, but so is dance.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.00,0:08:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Children dance all the time if they're allowed to, we all do.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.00,0:08:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all have bodies, don't we? Did I miss a meeting?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.00,0:09:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Truthfully, what happens is,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.00,0:09:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as children grow up, we start to educate them
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.00,0:09:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,progressively from the waist up. And then we focus on their heads.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.00,0:09:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And slightly to one side.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.00,0:09:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you were to visit education, as an alien,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.00,0:09:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and say "What's it for, public education?"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.00,0:09:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think you'd have to conclude -- if you look at the output,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.00,0:09:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who really succeeds by this,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.00,0:09:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who does everything that they should,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.00,0:09:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who gets all the brownie points, who are the winners --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.00,0:09:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think you'd have to conclude the whole purpose of public education
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.00,0:09:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,throughout the world
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.00,0:09:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to produce university professors. Isn't it?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.00,0:09:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're the people who come out the top.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.00,0:09:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I used to be one, so there. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.00,0:09:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I like university professors, but you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.00,0:09:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we shouldn't hold them up as the high-water mark of all human achievement.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.00,0:09:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're just a form of life,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.00,0:09:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another form of life. But they're rather curious,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.00,0:09:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I say this out of affection for them.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.00,0:09:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's something curious about professors in my experience --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.00,0:10:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not all of them, but typically -- they live in their heads.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.00,0:10:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They live up there, and slightly to one side.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.00,0:10:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're disembodied, you know, in a kind of literal way.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.00,0:10:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They look upon their body
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.00,0:10:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a form of transport for their heads, don't they?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.00,0:10:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) It's a way of getting their head to meetings.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.00,0:10:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you want real evidence of out-of-body experiences,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.00,0:10:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the way, get yourself along to a residential conference
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.00,0:10:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of senior academics,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.00,0:10:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and pop into the discotheque on the final night.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.00,0:10:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) And there you will see it -- grown men and women
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.00,0:10:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,writhing uncontrollably, off the beat,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.00,0:10:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,waiting until it ends so they can go home and write a paper about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.00,0:10:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now our education system is predicated on the idea of academic ability.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.00,0:10:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's a reason.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.00,0:10:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The whole system was invented -- around the world, there were
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.00,0:11:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no public systems of education, really, before the 19th century.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.00,0:11:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They all came into being
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.00,0:11:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to meet the needs of industrialism.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.00,0:11:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the hierarchy is rooted on two ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.00,0:11:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Number one, that the most useful subjects for work
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.00,0:11:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are at the top. So you were probably steered benignly away
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.00,0:11:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from things at school when you were a kid, things you liked,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.00,0:11:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the grounds that you would
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.00,0:11:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,never get a job doing that. Is that right?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.00,0:11:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't do music, you're not going to be a musician;
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.00,0:11:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't do art, you won't be an artist.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.00,0:11:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Benign advice -- now, profoundly mistaken. The whole world
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.00,0:11:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is engulfed in a revolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.00,0:11:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the second is academic ability, which has really come to dominate
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.00,0:11:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our view of intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.00,0:11:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the universities designed the system in their image.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.00,0:11:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you think of it, the whole system
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.00,0:11:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of public education around the world is a protracted process
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.00,0:11:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of university entrance.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.00,0:11:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the consequence is that many highly talented,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.00,0:11:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brilliant, creative people think they're not,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.00,0:11:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the thing they were good at at school
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.00,0:11:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wasn't valued, or was actually stigmatized.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.00,0:11:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think we can't afford to go on that way.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.00,0:11:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the next 30 years, according to UNESCO,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.00,0:12:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more people worldwide will be graduating
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.00,0:12:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through education than since the beginning of history.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.00,0:12:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More people, and it's the combination
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.00,0:12:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of all the things we've talked about --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.00,0:12:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technology and its transformation effect on work, and demography
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.00,0:12:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the huge explosion in population.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.00,0:12:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Suddenly, degrees aren't worth anything. Isn't that true?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.00,0:12:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was a student, if you had a degree, you had a job.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.00,0:12:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you didn't have a job it's because you didn't want one.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.00,0:12:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I didn't want one, frankly. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.00,0:12:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now kids with degrees are often
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.00,0:12:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,heading home to carry on playing video games,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.00,0:12:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you need an MA where the previous job required a BA,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.00,0:12:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now you need a PhD for the other.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.00,0:12:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a process of academic inflation.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.00,0:12:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it indicates the whole structure of education
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.00,0:12:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is shifting beneath our feet. We need to radically rethink
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.00,0:12:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our view of intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.00,0:12:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know three things about intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.00,0:12:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One, it's diverse. We think about the world in all the ways
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.00,0:12:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we experience it. We think visually,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.00,0:12:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we think in sound, we think kinesthetically.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.00,0:12:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We think in abstract terms, we think in movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.00,0:12:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Secondly, intelligence is dynamic.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.00,0:13:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at the interactions of a human brain, as we heard
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.00,0:13:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yesterday from a number of presentations,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.00,0:13:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intelligence is wonderfully interactive.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.00,0:13:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The brain isn't divided into compartments.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.00,0:13:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, creativity -- which I define as the process
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.00,0:13:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of having original ideas that have value --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.00,0:13:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more often than not comes about through the interaction
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.00,0:13:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of different disciplinary ways of seeing things.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.00,0:13:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The brain is intentionally -- by the way,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.00,0:13:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a shaft of nerves that joins the two halves of the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.00,0:13:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called the corpus callosum. It's thicker in women.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.00,0:13:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Following off from Helen yesterday, I think
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.00,0:13:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is probably why women are better at multi-tasking.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.00,0:13:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because you are, aren't you?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.00,0:13:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a raft of research, but I know it from my personal life.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.00,0:13:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If my wife is cooking a meal at home --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.00,0:13:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is not often, thankfully. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.00,0:13:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you know, she's doing -- no, she's good at some things --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.00,0:13:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if she's cooking, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.00,0:13:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she's dealing with people on the phone,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.00,0:13:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she's talking to the kids, she's painting the ceiling,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.00,0:13:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she's doing open-heart surgery over here.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.00,0:14:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I'm cooking, the door is shut, the kids are out,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.00,0:14:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the phone's on the hook, if she comes in I get annoyed.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.00,0:14:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I say, "Terry, please, I'm trying to fry an egg in here. Give me a break." (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.00,0:14:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, you know that old philosophical thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.00,0:14:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if a tree falls in a forest and nobody hears it,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.00,0:14:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,did it happen? Remember that old chestnut?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.00,0:14:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw a great t-shirt really recently which said, "If a man speaks his mind
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.00,0:14:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a forest, and no woman hears him,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.00,0:14:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is he still wrong?" (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.00,0:14:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the third thing about intelligence is,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.00,0:14:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's distinct. I'm doing a new book at the moment
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.00,0:14:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called "Epiphany," which is based on a series of
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.00,0:14:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interviews with people about how they discovered
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.00,0:14:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their talent. I'm fascinated by how people got to be there.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.00,0:14:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really prompted by a conversation I had
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.00,0:14:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a wonderful woman who maybe most people
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.00,0:14:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have never heard of; she's called Gillian Lynne --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.00,0:15:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have you heard of her? Some have. She's a choreographer
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.00,0:15:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and everybody knows her work.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.00,0:15:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She did "Cats" and "Phantom of the Opera."
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.00,0:15:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's wonderful. I used to be on the board of the Royal Ballet in England,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.00,0:15:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as you can see.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.00,0:15:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anyway, Gillian and I had lunch one day and I said,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.00,0:15:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Gillian, how'd you get to be a dancer?" And she said
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.00,0:15:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was interesting; when she was at school,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.00,0:15:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she was really hopeless. And the school, in the '30s,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.00,0:15:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wrote to her parents and said, "We think
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.00,0:15:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gillian has a learning disorder." She couldn't concentrate;
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.00,0:15:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she was fidgeting. I think now they'd say
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.00,0:15:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she had ADHD. Wouldn't you? But this was the 1930s,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.00,0:15:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ADHD hadn't been invented at this point.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.00,0:15:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wasn't an available condition. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.00,0:15:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People weren't aware they could have that.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.00,0:15:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anyway, she went to see this specialist. So, this oak-paneled room,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.00,0:15:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she was there with her mother,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.00,0:15:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she was led and sat on this chair at the end,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.00,0:15:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she sat on her hands for 20 minutes while
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.00,0:15:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this man talked to her mother about all
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.00,0:15:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the problems Gillian was having at school. And at the end of it --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.00,0:15:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because she was disturbing people;
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.00,0:16:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,her homework was always late; and so on,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.00,0:16:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,little kid of eight -- in the end, the doctor went and sat
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.00,0:16:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,next to Gillian and said, "Gillian,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.00,0:16:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've listened to all these things that your mother's
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.00,0:16:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,told me, and I need to speak to her privately."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.00,0:16:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "Wait here. We'll be back; we won't be very long,"
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.00,0:16:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they went and left her.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.00,0:16:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as they went out the room, he turned on the radio
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.00,0:16:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was sitting on his desk. And when they
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.00,0:16:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,got out the room, he said to her mother,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.00,0:16:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Just stand and watch her." And the minute they left the room,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.00,0:16:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she said, she was on her feet, moving to the music.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.00,0:16:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they watched for a few minutes
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.00,0:16:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he turned to her mother and said,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.00,0:16:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Mrs. Lynne, Gillian isn't sick; she's a dancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.00,0:16:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take her to a dance school."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.00,0:16:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, "What happened?"
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.00,0:16:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She said, "She did. I can't tell you how wonderful it was.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:44.00,0:16:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We walked in this room and it was full of
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.00,0:16:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people like me. People who couldn't sit still.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.00,0:16:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People who had to move to think." Who had to move to think.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.00,0:16:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They did ballet; they did tap; they did jazz;
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.00,0:16:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they did modern; they did contemporary.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.00,0:16:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was eventually auditioned for the Royal Ballet School;
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.00,0:17:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she became a soloist; she had a wonderful career
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.00,0:17:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the Royal Ballet. She eventually graduated
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.00,0:17:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the Royal Ballet School and
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.00,0:17:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,founded her own company -- the Gillian Lynne Dance Company --
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.00,0:17:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,met Andrew Lloyd Weber. She's been responsible for
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.00,0:17:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of the most successful musical theater
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.00,0:17:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,productions in history; she's given pleasure to millions;
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.00,0:17:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she's a multi-millionaire. Somebody else
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.00,0:17:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might have put her on medication and told her
Dialogue: 0,0:17:25.00,0:17:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to calm down.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:27.00,0:17:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I think ... (Applause) What I think it comes to is this:
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.00,0:17:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Al Gore spoke the other night
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.00,0:17:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about ecology and the revolution that was triggered by Rachel Carson.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.00,0:17:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe our only hope for the future
Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.00,0:17:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to adopt a new conception of human ecology,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.00,0:17:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one in which we start to reconstitute our conception
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.00,0:17:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the richness of human capacity.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.00,0:17:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our education system has mined our minds in the way
Dialogue: 0,0:17:52.00,0:17:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we strip-mine the earth: for a particular commodity.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:54.00,0:17:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for the future, it won't serve us.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.00,0:18:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to rethink the fundamental principles
Dialogue: 0,0:18:00.00,0:18:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on which we're educating our children. There was
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.00,0:18:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a wonderful quote by Jonas Salk, who said, "If all the insects
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.00,0:18:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were to disappear from the earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.00,0:18:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within 50 years all life on Earth would end.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.00,0:18:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If all human beings disappeared from the earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:15.00,0:18:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within 50 years all forms of life would flourish."
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.00,0:18:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he's right.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.00,0:18:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What TED celebrates is the gift of the human imagination.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:24.00,0:18:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to be careful now that we use this gift
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.00,0:18:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wisely and that we avert some of the scenarios
Dialogue: 0,0:18:31.00,0:18:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we've talked about. And the only way
Dialogue: 0,0:18:35.00,0:18:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll do it is by seeing our creative capacities
Dialogue: 0,0:18:38.00,0:18:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the richness they are and seeing
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.00,0:18:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our children for the hope that they are. And our task
Dialogue: 0,0:18:43.00,0:18:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to educate their whole being, so they can face this future.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:46.00,0:18:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the way -- we may not see this future,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:49.00,0:18:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they will. And our job is to help
Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.00,0:18:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,them make something of it. Thank you very much.