[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.66,0:00:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Living with a physical disability isn't easy
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.90,0:00:06.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anywhere in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.12,0:00:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if you live in a country like the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.95,0:00:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's certain appurtenances available to you that do make life easier.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.04,0:00:14.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you're in a building, you can take an elevator.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.72,0:00:16.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're crossing the street, you have sidewalk cutouts.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.100,0:00:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you have to travel some distance farther
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.16,0:00:22.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than you can do under your own power, there's accessible vehicles,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.12,0:00:24.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you can't afford one of those,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.29,0:00:26.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's accessible public transportation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.66,0:00:29.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in the developing world, things are quite different.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.14,0:00:32.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's 40 million people who need a wheelchair but don't have one,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.57,0:00:35.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the majority of these people live in rural areas,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.92,0:00:39.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the only connections to community, to employment, to education,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.81,0:00:42.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are by traveling long distances on rough terrain
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.29,0:00:45.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often under their own power.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.03,0:00:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the devices usually available to these people
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.14,0:00:49.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not made for that context, break down quickly,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.84,0:00:52.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and are hard to repair.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.16,0:00:56.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I started looking at wheelchairs in developing countries in 2005,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.88,0:01:00.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I spent the summer assessing the state of technology in Tanzania,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.69,0:01:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I talked to wheelchair users, wheelchair manufacturers, disability groups,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.50,0:01:06.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what stood out to me
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.36,0:01:08.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that there wasn't a device available
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.81,0:01:11.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was designed for rural areas, that could go fast
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.07,0:01:13.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and efficiently on many types of terrain.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.98,0:01:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So being a mechanical engineer,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.76,0:01:18.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being at MIT and having lots of resources available to me,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.35,0:01:20.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought I'd try to do something about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.86,0:01:23.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now when you're talking about trying to travel
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.81,0:01:26.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,long distances on rough terrain,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.02,0:01:27.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I immediately thought of a mountain bike,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.75,0:01:29.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a mountain bike's good at doing this
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.16,0:01:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it has a gear train,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.00,0:01:33.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can shift to a low gear if you have to climb a hill
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.75,0:01:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or go through mud or sand
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.46,0:01:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you get a lot of torque but a low speed.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.58,0:01:39.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you want to go faster, say on pavement,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.69,0:01:40.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can shift to a high gear,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.99,0:01:42.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you get less torque, but higher speeds.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.78,0:01:44.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the logical evolution here
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.75,0:01:47.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to just make a wheelchair with mountain bike components,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.54,0:01:48.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which many people have done.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.81,0:01:52.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But these are two products available in the U.S. that
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.12,0:01:54.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be difficult to transfer into developing countries
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.73,0:01:57.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they're much, much too expensive.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.37,0:01:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the context I'm talking about is where
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.64,0:02:03.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you need to have a product that is less than 200 dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.64,0:02:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this ideal product would also be able to go
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.07,0:02:10.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about five kilometers a day so you could get to your job, get to school,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.07,0:02:11.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and do it on many, many different types of terrain.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.92,0:02:14.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when you get home or want to go indoors at your work,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.82,0:02:19.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's got to be small enough and maneuverable enough to use inside.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.24,0:02:22.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And furthermore, if you want it to last a long time out in rural areas,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.60,0:02:26.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has to be repairable using the local tools, materials and knowledge
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.70,0:02:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in those contexts.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.52,0:02:32.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the real crux of the problem here is,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.46,0:02:35.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how do you make a system that's a simple device
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.61,0:02:37.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but gives you a large mechanical advantage?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.74,0:02:39.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do you make a mountain bike for your arms
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.93,0:02:42.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that doesn't have the mountain bike cost and complexity?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.52,0:02:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as is the case with simple solutions,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.02,0:02:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oftentimes the answer is right in front of your face, and for us it was levers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.50,0:02:53.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We use levers all the time, in tools, doorknobs, bicycle parts.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.44,0:02:56.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that moment of inspiration, that key invention moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.18,0:02:58.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was when I was sitting in front of my design notebook
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.54,0:03:01.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I started thinking about somebody grabbing a lever,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.54,0:03:03.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if they grab near the end of the lever,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.66,0:03:05.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can get an effectively long lever
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.29,0:03:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and produce a lot of torque as they push back and forth,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.12,0:03:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and effectively get a low gear.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.54,0:03:12.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as they slide their hand down the lever,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.94,0:03:15.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can push with a smaller effective lever length,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.78,0:03:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but push through a bigger angle every stroke,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.52,0:03:21.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which makes a faster rotational speed, and gives you an effective high gear.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.56,0:03:23.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what's exciting about this system
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.31,0:03:25.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that it's really, really mechanically simple,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.91,0:03:27.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you could make it using technology
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.48,0:03:29.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's been around for hundreds of years.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.73,0:03:31.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So seeing this in practice,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.92,0:03:33.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is the Leveraged Freedom Chair that,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.47,0:03:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after a few years of development,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.63,0:03:37.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're now going into production with,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.57,0:03:39.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is a full-time wheelchair user --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.44,0:03:41.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he's paralyzed -- in Guatemala,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.13,0:03:45.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you see he's able to traverse pretty rough terrain.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.13,0:03:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, the key innovation of this technology is that when he wants to go fast,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.66,0:03:53.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he just grabs the levers near the pivots and goes through a big angle every stroke,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.72,0:03:56.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as the going gets tougher, he just slides his hands up the levers,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.64,0:03:58.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,creates more torque, and kind of bench-presses his way
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.83,0:04:01.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of trouble through the rough terrain.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.43,0:04:04.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the big, important point here is that
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.44,0:04:07.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the person is the complex machine in this system.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.15,0:04:10.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the person that's sliding his hands up and down the levers,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.50,0:04:13.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so the mechanism itself can be very simple
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.22,0:04:16.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and composed of bicycle parts you can get anywhere in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.28,0:04:17.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because those bicycle parts
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.88,0:04:20.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are so ubiquitously available, they're super-cheap.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.39,0:04:22.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're made by the gazillions in China and India,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.57,0:04:24.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can source them anywhere in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.42,0:04:26.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,build the chair anywhere, and most importantly repair it,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.86,0:04:29.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even out in a village with a local bicycle mechanic
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.26,0:04:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who has local tools, knowledge and parts available.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.97,0:04:36.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, when you want to use the LFC indoors,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.65,0:04:40.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all you have to do is pull the levers out of the drivetrain,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.17,0:04:43.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stow them in the frame, and it converts into a normal wheelchair
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.44,0:04:45.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you can use just like any other normal wheelchair,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.96,0:04:48.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we sized it like a normal wheelchair,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.10,0:04:52.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it's narrow enough to fit through a standard doorway,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.24,0:04:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's low enough to fit under a table,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.76,0:04:59.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's small and maneuverable enough to fit in a bathroom
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.75,0:05:02.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is important so the user can get up close to a toilet,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.49,0:05:04.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and be able to transfer off
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.48,0:05:10.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like he could in a normal wheelchair.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.07,0:05:13.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, there's three important points that I want to stress
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.16,0:05:16.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I think really hit home in this project.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.80,0:05:19.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first is that this product works well because
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.100,0:05:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we were effectively able to combine
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.03,0:05:26.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rigorous engineering science and analysis with user-centered design
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.58,0:05:29.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,focused on the social and usage and economic factors
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.96,0:05:32.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,important to wheelchair users in the developing countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.50,0:05:34.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm an academic at MIT, and I'm a mechanical engineer,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.99,0:05:38.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I can do things like look at the type of terrain you want to travel on,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.28,0:05:41.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and figure out how much resistance it should impose,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.18,0:05:44.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,look at the parts we have available and mix and match them
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.19,0:05:46.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to figure out what sort of gear trains we can use,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.84,0:05:49.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then look at the power and force you can get out of your upper body
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.94,0:05:51.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to analyze how fast you should be able to go in this chair
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.91,0:05:54.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as you put your arms up and down the levers.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.28,0:05:57.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as a wet-behind-the-ears student, excited,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.94,0:06:00.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our team made a prototype,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.06,0:06:04.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brought that prototype to Tanzania, Kenya and Vietnam in 2008,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.94,0:06:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and found it was terrible
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.07,0:06:09.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we didn't get enough input from users.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.51,0:06:12.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So because we tested it with wheelchair users,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.67,0:06:15.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with wheelchair manufacturers, we got that feedback from them,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.18,0:06:18.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just articulating their problems, but articulating their solutions,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.63,0:06:22.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and worked together to go back to the drawing board and make a new design,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.11,0:06:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which we brought back to East Africa in '09
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.33,0:06:27.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that worked a lot better than a normal wheelchair on rough terrain,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.18,0:06:29.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it still didn't work well indoors because it was too big,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.76,0:06:32.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was heavy, it was hard to move around,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.06,0:06:35.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so again with that user feedback, we went back to the drawing board,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.61,0:06:37.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came up with a better design, 20 pounds lighter,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.93,0:06:41.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as narrow as a regular wheelchair, tested that in a field trial in Guatemala,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.49,0:06:43.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that advanced the product to the point
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.34,0:06:46.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we have now that it's going into production.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.86,0:06:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now also being engineering scientists,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.11,0:06:52.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we were able to quantify the performance benefits of the Leveraged Freedom Chair,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.84,0:06:55.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so here are some shots of our trial in Guatemala
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.63,0:06:59.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we tested the LFC on village terrain,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.17,0:07:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and tested people's biomechanical outputs,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.00,0:07:03.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their oxygen consumption, how fast they go,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.38,0:07:04.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much power they're putting out,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.70,0:07:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both in their regular wheelchairs and using the LFC,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.98,0:07:10.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we found that the LFC is about 80 percent faster
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.29,0:07:12.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going on these terrains than a normal wheelchair.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.25,0:07:16.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also about 40 percent more efficient than a regular wheelchair,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.22,0:07:18.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and because of the mechanical advantage you get from the levers,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.76,0:07:20.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can produce 50 percent higher torque
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.65,0:07:24.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and really muscle your way through the really, really rough terrain.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.67,0:07:28.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the second lesson that we learned in this is that
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.11,0:07:31.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the constraints on this design really push the innovation,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.01,0:07:33.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we had to hit such a low price point,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.27,0:07:35.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we had to make a device that could travel
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.17,0:07:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on many, many types of terrain but still be usable indoors,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.40,0:07:40.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and be simple enough to repair,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.69,0:07:43.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we ended up with a fundamentally new product,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.06,0:07:45.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a new product that is an innovation
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.18,0:07:48.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a space that really hasn't changed in a hundred years.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.09,0:07:51.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these are all merits that are not just good in the developing world.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.51,0:07:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why not in countries like the U.S. too?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.98,0:07:55.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we teamed up with Continuum,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.72,0:07:57.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a local product design firm here in Boston
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.36,0:08:00.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make the high-end version, the developed world version,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.75,0:08:03.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we'll probably sell primarily in the U.S. and Europe,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.50,0:08:06.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to higher-income buyers.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.34,0:08:09.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the final point I want to make is that I think
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.33,0:08:12.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this project worked well because we engaged
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.15,0:08:16.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the stakeholders that buy into this project and are important to consider
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.76,0:08:20.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in bringing the technology from inception of an idea
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.11,0:08:24.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through innovation, validation, commercialization and dissemination,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.34,0:08:28.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that cycle has to start and end with end users.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.09,0:08:30.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the people that define the requirements of the technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.86,0:08:33.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these are the people that have to give the thumbs-up at the end,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.20,0:08:35.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and say, "Yeah, it actually works. It meets our needs."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.71,0:08:37.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So people like me in the academic space,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.62,0:08:41.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can do things like innovate and analyze and test,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.15,0:08:44.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,create data and make bench-level prototypes,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.24,0:08:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but how do you get that bench-level prototype to commercialization?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.04,0:08:50.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we need gap-fillers like Continuum that can work on commercializing,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.82,0:08:53.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we started a whole NGO to bring our chair to market --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.34,0:08:55.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Global Research Innovation Technology --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.77,0:08:59.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we also teamed up with a big manufacturer in India, Pinnacle Industries,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.51,0:09:01.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's tooled up now to make 500 chairs a month
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.72,0:09:03.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and will make the first batch of 200 next month,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.52,0:09:05.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which will be delivered in India.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.54,0:09:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then finally, to get this out to the people in scale,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.24,0:09:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we teamed up with the largest disability organization
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.56,0:09:13.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the world, Jaipur Foot.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.11,0:09:15.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now what's powerful about this model
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.39,0:09:18.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is when you bring together all these stakeholders
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.20,0:09:20.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that represent each link in the chain
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.17,0:09:22.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from inception of an idea
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.71,0:09:25.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the way to implementation in the field,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.48,0:09:27.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's where the magic happens.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.03,0:09:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's where you can take a guy like me, an academic,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.48,0:09:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but analyze and test and create a new technology
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.60,0:09:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and quantitatively determine how much better the performance is.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.14,0:09:38.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can connect with stakeholders like the manufacturers
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.55,0:09:40.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and talk with them face-to-face and leverage their
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.44,0:09:43.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,local knowledge of manufacturing practices and their clients
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.93,0:09:46.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and combine that knowledge with our engineering knowledge
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.54,0:09:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to create something greater than either of us could have done alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.00,0:09:52.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then you can also engage the end user
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.53,0:09:55.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the design process, and not just ask him what he needs,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.24,0:09:58.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but ask him how he thinks it can be achieved.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.27,0:10:01.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this picture was taken in India in our last field trial,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.32,0:10:03.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we had a 90-percent adoption rate where people
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.68,0:10:07.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,switched to using our Leveraged Freedom Chair over their normal wheelchair,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.29,0:10:10.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this picture specifically is of Ashok,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.39,0:10:13.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Ashok had a spinal injury when he fell out of a tree,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.42,0:10:16.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he had been working at a tailor, but once he was injured
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.27,0:10:19.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he wasn't able to transport himself from his house
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.19,0:10:21.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over a kilometer to his shop in his normal wheelchair.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.99,0:10:23.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The road was too rough.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.26,0:10:26.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the day after he got an LFC, he hopped in it,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.18,0:10:28.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rode that kilometer, opened up his shop
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.27,0:10:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and soon after landed a contract to make school uniforms
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.98,0:10:33.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and started making money, started providing for his family again.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.80,0:10:35.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ashok: You also encouraged me to work.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.95,0:10:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I rested for a day at home.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.68,0:10:43.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next day I went to my shop.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.13,0:10:46.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now everything is back to normal.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.11,0:10:50.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Amos Winter: And thank you very much for having me today.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.19,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)