WEBVTT 00:00:37.295 --> 00:00:40.119 (Hammer) NOTE Paragraph 00:00:43.184 --> 00:00:47.218 (Laughter) NOTE Paragraph 00:01:04.076 --> 00:01:10.000 (Microwave beeps) (Laughter) NOTE Paragraph 00:01:15.696 --> 00:01:17.721 You probably all agree with me 00:01:17.721 --> 00:01:20.496 that this is a very nice road. 00:01:20.496 --> 00:01:22.655 It's made of asphalt, 00:01:22.655 --> 00:01:25.889 and asphalt is a very nice material to drive on, 00:01:25.889 --> 00:01:30.023 but not always, especially not on these days as today, 00:01:30.023 --> 00:01:31.874 when it's raining a lot. 00:01:31.874 --> 00:01:34.822 Then you can have a lot of splash water in the asphalt. 00:01:34.822 --> 00:01:37.116 And especially if you then ride with your bicycle, 00:01:37.116 --> 00:01:41.061 and pass these cars, then that's not very nice. 00:01:41.061 --> 00:01:44.171 Also, asphalt can create a lot of noise. 00:01:44.171 --> 00:01:45.785 It's a noisy material, 00:01:45.785 --> 00:01:48.229 and if we produce roads like in the Netherlands, 00:01:48.229 --> 00:01:52.361 very close to cities, then we would like a silent road. NOTE Paragraph 00:01:52.361 --> 00:01:55.630 The solution for that is to make roads 00:01:55.630 --> 00:01:57.807 out of porous asphalt. 00:01:57.807 --> 00:01:59.798 Porous asphalt, a material that we use now 00:01:59.798 --> 00:02:02.757 in most of the highways in the Netherlands, 00:02:02.757 --> 00:02:06.201 it has pores and water can just rain through it, 00:02:06.201 --> 00:02:09.102 so all the rainwater will flow away to the sides, 00:02:09.102 --> 00:02:11.191 and you have a road that's easy to drive on, 00:02:11.191 --> 00:02:13.121 so no splash water anymore. 00:02:13.121 --> 00:02:16.283 Also the noise will disappear in these pores. 00:02:16.283 --> 00:02:19.306 Because it's very hollow, all the noise will disappear, 00:02:19.306 --> 00:02:21.894 so it's a very silent road. NOTE Paragraph 00:02:21.894 --> 00:02:25.439 It also has disadvantages, of course, 00:02:25.439 --> 00:02:29.601 and the disadvantage of this road is that raveling can occur. 00:02:29.601 --> 00:02:32.526 What is raveling? You see that in this road 00:02:32.526 --> 00:02:35.147 that the stones at the surface come off. 00:02:35.147 --> 00:02:40.425 First you get one stone, then several more, 00:02:40.425 --> 00:02:42.167 and more and more and more and more, 00:02:42.167 --> 00:02:45.734 and then they -- well, I will not do that. (Laughter) 00:02:45.734 --> 00:02:48.648 But they can damage your windshield, 00:02:48.648 --> 00:02:50.438 so you're not happy with that. 00:02:50.438 --> 00:02:54.428 And finally, this raveling can also lead to more and more damage. 00:02:54.428 --> 00:02:57.044 Sometimes you can create potholes with that. 00:02:57.044 --> 00:03:01.105 Ha. He's ready. NOTE Paragraph 00:03:01.105 --> 00:03:04.290 Potholes, of course, that can become a problem, 00:03:04.290 --> 00:03:05.833 but we have a solution. 00:03:05.833 --> 00:03:09.091 Here you see actually how the damage appears in this material. 00:03:09.091 --> 00:03:11.091 It's a porous asphalt, like I said, so you have only 00:03:11.091 --> 00:03:13.863 a small amount of binder between the stones. 00:03:13.863 --> 00:03:17.182 Due to weathering, due to U.V. light, due to oxidation, 00:03:17.182 --> 00:03:19.910 this binder, this bitumen, 00:03:19.910 --> 00:03:22.583 the glue between the aggregates is going to shrink, 00:03:22.583 --> 00:03:24.528 and if it shrinks, it gets micro-cracks, 00:03:24.528 --> 00:03:26.250 and it delaminates from the aggregates. 00:03:26.250 --> 00:03:28.810 Then if you drive over the road, you take out the aggregates -- 00:03:28.810 --> 00:03:31.806 what we just saw here. 00:03:31.806 --> 00:03:35.620 To solve this problem, we thought of self-healing materials. 00:03:35.620 --> 00:03:38.281 If we can make this material self-healing, 00:03:38.281 --> 00:03:41.474 then probably we have a solution. 00:03:41.474 --> 00:03:46.068 So what we can do is use steel wool just to clean pans, 00:03:46.068 --> 00:03:49.553 and the steel wool we can cut in very small pieces, 00:03:49.553 --> 00:03:53.457 and these very small pieces we can mix to the bitumen. 00:03:53.457 --> 00:03:55.202 So then you have asphalt 00:03:55.202 --> 00:03:58.269 with very small pieces of steel wool in it. 00:03:58.269 --> 00:04:01.060 Then you need a machine, like you see here, 00:04:01.060 --> 00:04:04.199 that you can use for cooking -- an induction machine. 00:04:04.199 --> 00:04:08.248 Induction can heat, especially steel; it's very good at that. 00:04:08.248 --> 00:04:10.930 Then what you do is you heat up the steel, 00:04:10.930 --> 00:04:12.421 you melt the bitumen, 00:04:12.421 --> 00:04:14.987 and the bitumen will flow into these micro-cracks, 00:04:14.987 --> 00:04:18.194 and the stones are again fixed to the surface. NOTE Paragraph 00:04:18.194 --> 00:04:22.156 Today I use a microwave because I cannot take 00:04:22.156 --> 00:04:24.393 the big induction machine here onstage. 00:04:24.393 --> 00:04:27.273 So a microwave is a similar system. 00:04:27.273 --> 00:04:30.918 So I put the specimen in, which I'm now going to take out 00:04:30.918 --> 00:04:34.170 to see what happened. 00:04:34.170 --> 00:04:36.663 So this is the specimen coming out now. NOTE Paragraph 00:04:36.663 --> 00:04:41.056 So I said we have such an industrial machine in the lab 00:04:41.056 --> 00:04:43.328 to heat up the specimens. 00:04:43.328 --> 00:04:45.418 We tested a lot of specimens there, 00:04:45.418 --> 00:04:48.593 and then the government, they actually saw our results, 00:04:48.593 --> 00:04:52.543 and they thought, "Well, that's very interesting. We have to try that." 00:04:52.543 --> 00:04:54.859 So they donated to us a piece of highway, 00:04:54.859 --> 00:04:58.346 400 meters of the A58, where we had to make 00:04:58.346 --> 00:05:00.856 a test track to test this material. 00:05:00.856 --> 00:05:04.388 So that's what we did here. You see where we were making the test road, 00:05:04.388 --> 00:05:08.886 and then of course this road will last several years 00:05:08.886 --> 00:05:12.174 without any damage. That's what we know from practice. 00:05:12.174 --> 00:05:14.953 So we took a lot of samples from this road 00:05:14.953 --> 00:05:17.222 and we tested them in the lab. 00:05:17.222 --> 00:05:20.139 So we did aging on the samples, 00:05:20.139 --> 00:05:23.751 did a lot of loading on it, healed them with our induction machine, 00:05:23.751 --> 00:05:26.577 and healed them and tested them again. 00:05:26.577 --> 00:05:28.481 Several times we can repeat that. 00:05:28.481 --> 00:05:30.706 So actually, the conclusion from this research is that 00:05:30.706 --> 00:05:34.024 if we go on the road every four years 00:05:34.024 --> 00:05:36.904 with our healing machine -- this is the big version 00:05:36.904 --> 00:05:38.809 we have made to go on the real road -- 00:05:38.809 --> 00:05:40.679 if we go on the road every four years 00:05:40.679 --> 00:05:44.429 we can double the surface life of this road, 00:05:44.429 --> 00:05:46.606 which of course saves a lot of money. NOTE Paragraph 00:05:46.606 --> 00:05:48.783 Well, to conclude, I can say 00:05:48.783 --> 00:05:51.539 that we made a material 00:05:51.539 --> 00:05:55.319 using steel fibers, the addition of steel fibers, 00:05:55.319 --> 00:05:57.828 using induction energy to really 00:05:57.828 --> 00:06:00.495 increase the surface life of the road, 00:06:00.495 --> 00:06:02.245 double the surface life you can even do, 00:06:02.245 --> 00:06:05.909 so it will really save a lot of money with very simple tricks. NOTE Paragraph 00:06:05.909 --> 00:06:09.382 And now you're of course curious if it also worked. 00:06:09.382 --> 00:06:12.485 So we still have the specimen here. It's quite warm. 00:06:12.485 --> 00:06:15.064 Actually, it still has to cool down first 00:06:15.064 --> 00:06:17.404 before I can show you that the healing works. 00:06:17.404 --> 00:06:20.272 But I will do a trial. 00:06:20.272 --> 00:06:23.031 Let's see. Yeah, it worked. 00:06:23.031 --> 00:06:24.381 Thank you. 00:06:24.381 --> 00:06:29.797 (Applause)