[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.30,0:00:40.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Hammer)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.18,0:00:47.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.08,0:01:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Microwave beeps) (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.70,0:01:17.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You probably all agree with me
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.72,0:01:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this is a very nice road.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.50,0:01:22.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's made of asphalt,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.66,0:01:25.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and asphalt is a very nice material to drive on,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.89,0:01:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not always, especially not on these days as today,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.02,0:01:31.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it's raining a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.87,0:01:34.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then you can have a lot of splash water in the asphalt.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.82,0:01:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And especially if you then ride with your bicycle,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.12,0:01:41.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and pass these cars, then that's not very nice.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.06,0:01:44.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, asphalt can create a lot of noise.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.17,0:01:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a noisy material,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.78,0:01:48.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if we produce roads like in the Netherlands,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.23,0:01:52.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very close to cities, then we would like a silent road.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.36,0:01:55.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The solution for that is to make roads
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.63,0:01:57.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of porous asphalt.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.81,0:01:59.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Porous asphalt, a material that we use now
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.80,0:02:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in most of the highways in the Netherlands,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.76,0:02:06.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has pores and water can just rain through it,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.20,0:02:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so all the rainwater will flow away to the sides,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.10,0:02:11.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you have a road that's easy to drive on,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.19,0:02:13.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so no splash water anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.12,0:02:16.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also the noise will disappear in these pores.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.28,0:02:19.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because it's very hollow, all the noise will disappear,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.31,0:02:21.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it's a very silent road.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.89,0:02:25.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It also has disadvantages, of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.44,0:02:29.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the disadvantage of this road is that raveling can occur.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.60,0:02:32.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is raveling? You see that in this road
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.53,0:02:35.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the stones at the surface come off.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.15,0:02:40.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First you get one stone, then several more,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.42,0:02:42.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more and more and more and more,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.17,0:02:45.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then they -- well, I will not do that. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.73,0:02:48.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they can damage your windshield,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.65,0:02:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you're not happy with that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.44,0:02:54.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And finally, this raveling can also lead to more and more damage.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.43,0:02:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes you can create potholes with that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.04,0:03:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ha. He's ready.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.10,0:03:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Potholes, of course, that can become a problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.29,0:03:05.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we have a solution.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.83,0:03:09.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here you see actually how the damage appears in this material.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.09,0:03:11.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a porous asphalt, like I said, so you have only
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.09,0:03:13.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a small amount of binder between the stones.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.86,0:03:17.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Due to weathering, due to U.V. light, due to oxidation,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.18,0:03:19.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this binder, this bitumen,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.91,0:03:22.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the glue between the aggregates is going to shrink,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.58,0:03:24.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if it shrinks, it gets micro-cracks,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.53,0:03:26.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it delaminates from the aggregates.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.25,0:03:28.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then if you drive over the road, you take out the aggregates --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.81,0:03:31.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we just saw here.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.81,0:03:35.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To solve this problem, we thought of self-healing materials.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.62,0:03:38.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we can make this material self-healing,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.28,0:03:41.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then probably we have a solution.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.47,0:03:46.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what we can do is use steel wool just to clean pans,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.07,0:03:49.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the steel wool we can cut in very small pieces,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.55,0:03:53.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these very small pieces we can mix to the bitumen.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.46,0:03:55.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So then you have asphalt
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.20,0:03:58.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with very small pieces of steel wool in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.27,0:04:01.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then you need a machine, like you see here,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.06,0:04:04.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you can use for cooking -- an induction machine.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.20,0:04:08.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Induction can heat, especially steel; it's very good at that.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.25,0:04:10.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then what you do is you heat up the steel,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.93,0:04:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you melt the bitumen,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.42,0:04:14.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the bitumen will flow into these micro-cracks,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.99,0:04:18.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the stones are again fixed to the surface.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.19,0:04:22.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today I use a microwave because I cannot take
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.16,0:04:24.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the big induction machine here onstage.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.39,0:04:27.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So a microwave is a similar system.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.27,0:04:30.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I put the specimen in, which I'm now going to take out
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.92,0:04:34.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see what happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.17,0:04:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is the specimen coming out now.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.66,0:04:41.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I said we have such an industrial machine in the lab
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.06,0:04:43.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to heat up the specimens.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.33,0:04:45.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We tested a lot of specimens there,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.42,0:04:48.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then the government, they actually saw our results,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.59,0:04:52.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they thought, "Well, that's very interesting. We have to try that."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.54,0:04:54.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they donated to us a piece of highway,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.86,0:04:58.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,400 meters of the A58, where we had to make
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.35,0:05:00.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a test track to test this material.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.86,0:05:04.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's what we did here. You see where we were making the test road,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.39,0:05:08.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then of course this road will last several years
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.89,0:05:12.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without any damage. That's what we know from practice.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.17,0:05:14.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we took a lot of samples from this road
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.95,0:05:17.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we tested them in the lab.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.22,0:05:20.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we did aging on the samples,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.14,0:05:23.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,did a lot of loading on it, healed them with our induction machine,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.75,0:05:26.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and healed them and tested them again.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.58,0:05:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Several times we can repeat that.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.48,0:05:30.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So actually, the conclusion from this research is that
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.71,0:05:34.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we go on the road every four years
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.02,0:05:36.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with our healing machine -- this is the big version
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.90,0:05:38.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have made to go on the real road --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.81,0:05:40.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we go on the road every four years
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.68,0:05:44.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can double the surface life of this road,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.43,0:05:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which of course saves a lot of money.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.61,0:05:48.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, to conclude, I can say
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.78,0:05:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we made a material
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.54,0:05:55.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using steel fibers, the addition of steel fibers,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.32,0:05:57.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using induction energy to really
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.83,0:06:00.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increase the surface life of the road,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.50,0:06:02.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,double the surface life you can even do,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.24,0:06:05.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it will really save a lot of money with very simple tricks.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.91,0:06:09.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now you're of course curious if it also worked.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.38,0:06:12.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we still have the specimen here. It's quite warm.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.48,0:06:15.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, it still has to cool down first
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.06,0:06:17.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before I can show you that the healing works.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.40,0:06:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I will do a trial.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.27,0:06:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's see. Yeah, it worked.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.03,0:06:24.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.38,0:06:29.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)