[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.98,0:00:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nine years ago, I worked
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.60,0:00:04.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the U.S. government in Iraq,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.80,0:00:07.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helping rebuild the electricity infrastructure.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.93,0:00:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I was there, and I worked in that job
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.56,0:00:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I believe that technology
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.42,0:00:15.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can improve people's lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.06,0:00:17.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One afternoon, I had tea with a storekeeper
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.100,0:00:20.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the Al Rasheed Hotel in Baghdad,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.82,0:00:23.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he said to me, "You Americans,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.56,0:00:24.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can put a man on the moon,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.91,0:00:26.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but when I get home tonight,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.45,0:00:29.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I won't be able to turn on my lights."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.31,0:00:30.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the time, the U.S. government had spent
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.97,0:00:33.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than two billion dollars
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.33,0:00:35.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on electricity reconstruction.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.68,0:00:38.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do you ensure technology reaches users?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.86,0:00:40.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do you put it in their hands
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.84,0:00:43.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that it is useful?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.07,0:00:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So those are the questions that my colleagues and I
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.12,0:00:48.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at D-Rev ask ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.23,0:00:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And D-Rev is short for Design Revolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.38,0:00:53.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I took over the organization four years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.97,0:00:56.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and really focused it on developing products
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.27,0:00:58.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that actually reach users,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.46,0:00:59.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not just any users,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.95,0:01:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but customers who live on\Nless than four dollars a day.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.00,0:01:05.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the key areas we've been working on recently
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.91,0:01:08.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is medical devices, and while it may not be obvious
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.42,0:01:10.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that medical devices have something in common
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.55,0:01:13.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Iraq's electricity grid then,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.12,0:01:15.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are some commonalities.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.25,0:01:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite the advanced technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.96,0:01:20.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not reaching the people who need it most.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.73,0:01:23.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm going to tell you about one of\Nthe projects we've been working on,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.13,0:01:26.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ReMotion Knee, and it's a prosthetic knee
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.04,0:01:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for above-knee amputees.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.20,0:01:31.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this project started when\Nthe Jaipur Foot Organization,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.50,0:01:34.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the largest fitter of prosthetic limbs in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.09,0:01:35.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came to the Bay Area and they said,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.56,0:01:38.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We need a better knee."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.53,0:01:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chances are, if you're living on\Nless than four dollars a day,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.68,0:01:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're an amputee,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.56,0:01:45.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've lost your limb in a vehicle accident.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.73,0:01:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most people think it's land mines,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.14,0:01:48.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's a vehicle accident.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.75,0:01:50.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're walking by the side of the road
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.60,0:01:52.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're hit by a truck,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.03,0:01:53.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or you're trying to to jump on a moving train,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.89,0:01:57.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're late for work, and your pant leg gets caught.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.87,0:02:01.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the reality is that if\Nyou don't have much money,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.04,0:02:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like this young named Kamal right here,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.04,0:02:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the option you really have
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.24,0:02:07.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a bamboo staff to get around.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.81,0:02:10.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how big a problem is this?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.29,0:02:13.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's over three million amputees every year
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.22,0:02:16.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who need a new or replacement knee.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.50,0:02:18.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what are their options?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.37,0:02:20.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a high-end. This is\Nwhat we'd call a "smart knee."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.97,0:02:22.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's got a microprocessor inside.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.99,0:02:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can pretty much do anything,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.08,0:02:26.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's 20,000 dollars,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.77,0:02:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to give you a sense of who wears this,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.98,0:02:32.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,veterans, American veterans coming\Nback from Afghanistan or Iraq
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.22,0:02:34.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be fit with something like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.55,0:02:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a low-end titanium knee.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.06,0:02:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a polycentric knee, and all that that means
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.54,0:02:41.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the mechanism, is a four-bar mechanism,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.75,0:02:44.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that mimics a natural human knee.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.30,0:02:46.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But at 1,400 dollars, it's still too expensive
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.70,0:02:49.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for people like Kamal.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.09,0:02:51.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And lastly, here you see a low-end knee.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.68,0:02:53.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a knee that's been designed specifically
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.51,0:02:55.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for poor people.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.19,0:02:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And while you have affordability,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.02,0:02:58.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've lost on functionality.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.92,0:03:01.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mechanism here is a single axis,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.57,0:03:03.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a single axis is like a door hinge.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.82,0:03:06.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can think about how unstable that would be.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.01,0:03:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is the type of mechanism
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.00,0:03:11.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the Jaipur Foot Organization was using\Nwhen they were looking for a better knee,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.89,0:03:14.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I just wanted to give you a sense\Nof what a leg system looks like,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.25,0:03:15.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I'm showing you all these knees
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.59,0:03:17.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I imagine it's hard to think \Nhow it all fits together.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.97,0:03:20.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So at the top you have a socket,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.01,0:03:21.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this fits over someone's residual limb,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.95,0:03:24.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and everyone's residual limb is a little bit different.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.51,0:03:25.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then you have the knee,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.70,0:03:27.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and here I've got a single axis on the knee
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.42,0:03:29.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you can see how it rotates,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.13,0:03:33.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then a pylon, and then a foot.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.09,0:03:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we've been able to develop a knee,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.63,0:03:37.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a polycentric knee, so that type of knee
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.100,0:03:40.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that acts like a human knee, mimics human gait,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.57,0:03:43.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for 80 dollars retail.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.31,0:03:46.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.88,0:03:49.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the key is, you can have this great invention,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.43,0:03:51.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can have this great design, but how do you get it
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.42,0:03:53.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the people who most need it?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.19,0:03:56.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do you ensure it gets to them\Nand it improves their lives?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.50,0:03:59.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So at D-Rev, we've done some other projects,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.43,0:04:01.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we looked at three things that we really believe
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.82,0:04:05.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gets technologies to customers, to users,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.79,0:04:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to people who need it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.16,0:04:09.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the first thing is that the product \Nneeds to be world class.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.88,0:04:11.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It needs to perform on par
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.54,0:04:14.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or better than the best products on the market.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.38,0:04:16.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Regardless of your income level,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.53,0:04:18.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you want the most beautiful,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.06,0:04:20.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the best product that there is.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.75,0:04:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to show you a video now
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.24,0:04:25.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a man named Ash. You can see him walking.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.89,0:04:27.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's wearing the same knee system here
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.80,0:04:29.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a single axis knee.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.41,0:04:31.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he's doing a 10-meter walk test.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.50,0:04:35.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you'll notice that he's struggling \Nwith stability as he's walking.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.31,0:04:37.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And something that's not obvious, that you can't see,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.97,0:04:40.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that it's psychologically draining
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.56,0:04:44.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to walk and to be preventing yourself from falling.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.34,0:04:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this is a video of Kamal.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.04,0:04:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You remember Kamal earlier,\Nholding the bamboo staff.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.77,0:04:51.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's wearing one of the earlier versions of our knee,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.48,0:04:54.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he's doing that same 10-meter walk test.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.58,0:04:57.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can see his stability is much better.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.85,0:05:02.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So world class isn't just about\Ntechnical performance.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.97,0:05:06.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also about human performance.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.31,0:05:08.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And most medical devices, we've learned,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.17,0:05:10.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we've dug in, are really designed for Westerners,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.69,0:05:12.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for wealthier economies.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.36,0:05:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the reality is our users, our customers,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.62,0:05:18.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they do different things. They sit cross-legged more.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.17,0:05:21.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see that they squat. They kneel in prayer.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.01,0:05:23.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we designed our knee to have\Nthe greatest range of motion
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.76,0:05:27.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of almost any other knee on the market.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.85,0:05:29.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the second thing we learned, and this leads
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.58,0:05:31.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into my second point, which is that we believe
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.84,0:05:34.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that products need to be\Ndesigned to be user-centric.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.55,0:05:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And at D-Rev, we go one step further and we say
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.15,0:05:39.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you need to be user-obsessed.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.05,0:05:41.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's not just the end user\Nthat you're thinking about,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.77,0:05:43.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but everyone who interacts with the product,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.75,0:05:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so, for example, the prosthetist who fits the knee,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.46,0:05:49.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also the context in which the knee is being fit.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.63,0:05:51.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is the local market like?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.22,0:05:53.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do all these components get to the clinic?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.13,0:05:55.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do they all get there on time? The supply chain.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.46,0:05:57.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything that goes into ensuring
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.56,0:05:59.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this product gets to the end user,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.54,0:06:03.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it goes in as part of the system, and it's used.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.96,0:06:05.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I wanted to show you some of the iterations
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.83,0:06:10.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we did between the first version, the Jaipur Knee,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.42,0:06:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so this is it right here.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.24,0:06:13.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Clicking)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.97,0:06:16.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Notice anything about it?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.19,0:06:18.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It clicks.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.75,0:06:21.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'd seen that users had actually modified it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.61,0:06:25.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So do you see that black strip right there?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.12,0:06:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a homemade noise dampener.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.12,0:06:30.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also saw that our users had modified it
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.34,0:06:31.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in other ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.77,0:06:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see there that that particular amputee,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.56,0:06:35.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he had wrapped bandages around the knee.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.79,0:06:37.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He'd made a cosmesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.51,0:06:39.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you look at the knee,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.71,0:06:43.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's got those pointy edges, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.16,0:06:45.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you're wearing it under pants or a skirt
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.36,0:06:47.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a sari, it's really obvious
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.62,0:06:49.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you're wearing a prosthetic limb,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.22,0:06:53.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in societies where there's social\Nstigma around being disabled,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.41,0:06:56.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people are particularly acute about this.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.37,0:06:58.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm going to show you some\Nof the modifications we did.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.69,0:07:01.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We did a lot of iterations, not just \Naround this, but some other things.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.60,0:07:04.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But here we have the version three, \Nthe ReMotion Knee,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.03,0:07:05.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if you look in here, you can see
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.85,0:07:10.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the noise dampener. It's quieter.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.57,0:07:14.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other thing we did is that\Nwe smoothed the profile.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.22,0:07:15.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We made it thinner.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.65,0:07:17.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And something that's not obvious is that we
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.36,0:07:20.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,designed it for mass production.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.56,0:07:22.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this goes into my last point.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.26,0:07:24.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We really, truly believe that if a product
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.23,0:07:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is going to reach users at the scale that it's needed,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.56,0:07:28.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it needs to be market-driven,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.40,0:07:31.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and market-driven means that products are sold.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.64,0:07:34.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're not donated. They're not heavily subsidized.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.77,0:07:36.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our product needs to be designed to offer value
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.98,0:07:38.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the end user.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.28,0:07:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It also has to be designed to be very affordable.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.46,0:07:42.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But a product that is valued by a customer
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.63,0:07:44.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is used by a customer,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.34,0:07:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and use is what creates impact.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.52,0:07:48.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we believe that as designers,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.28,0:07:51.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it holds us accountable to our customers.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.51,0:07:54.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And with centralized manufacturing,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.12,0:07:56.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can control the quality control,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.15,0:07:57.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can hit that $80 price point
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.88,0:08:00.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with profit margins built in.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.37,0:08:02.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now, those profit margins are critical,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.52,0:08:04.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because if you want to scale, if you want to reach
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.19,0:08:06.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the people in the world who possibly need a knee,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.45,0:08:09.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it needs to be economically sustainable.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.61,0:08:12.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I want to give you a sense of where we are at.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.20,0:08:15.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have fit over 5,000 amputees,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.78,0:08:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one of the big indicators\Nwe're looking at, of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.00,0:08:19.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is, does it improve lives?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.91,0:08:21.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the standard is, is someone
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.65,0:08:24.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,still wearing their knee six months later?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.17,0:08:26.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The industry average is about 65 percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.88,0:08:29.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ours is 79 percent,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.17,0:08:32.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're hoping to get that higher.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.11,0:08:35.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right now, our knees are worn in 12 countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.13,0:08:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is where we want to get, though,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.74,0:08:38.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the next three years.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.25,0:08:40.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll double the impact in 2015,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.75,0:08:43.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we'll double it each of\Nthe following years after that.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.87,0:08:45.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then we hit a new challenge,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.70,0:08:47.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's the number of skilled prosthetists
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.72,0:08:50.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are able to fit knees.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.83,0:08:53.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I want to end with a story of Pournima.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.51,0:08:55.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pournima was 18 years old
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.16,0:08:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when she was in a car accident\Nwhere she lost her leg,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.03,0:09:01.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she traveled 12 hours by train
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.47,0:09:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to come to the clinic to be fit with a knee,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.90,0:09:06.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and while all of the amputees who wear our knees
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.49,0:09:08.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,affect us as the designers,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.66,0:09:12.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she's particularly meaningful to me \Nas an engineer and as a woman,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.93,0:09:14.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because she was in school,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.50,0:09:17.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she had just started school to study engineering.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.22,0:09:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she said, "Well, now that I can walk again,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.38,0:09:21.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can go back and complete my studies."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.78,0:09:24.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to me she represents the next generation
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.95,0:09:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of engineers solving problems
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.98,0:09:30.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ensuring meaningful technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.43,0:09:32.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reach their users.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.21,0:09:34.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.25,0:09:38.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)