[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.33,0:00:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hi.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.56,0:00:13.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are living in an exciting era,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.95,0:00:19.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where innovation and technology\Nhas the potential to do the unimaginable,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.28,0:00:22.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it becomes even more unimaginable
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.56,0:00:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it breaks down the gaps\Nbetween disability and ability.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.34,0:00:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,15% of the world population
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.56,0:00:35.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- 1 billion people around the world -
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.32,0:00:37.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lives with disabilities
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.18,0:00:41.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which makes people with disabilities\Nthe largest minority in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.60,0:00:45.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they are not living\Non a different planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.26,0:00:50.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They may be part of our families,\Nfriends, or colleagues.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.43,0:00:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, I'm going to tell you\Nhow people with speech disabilities
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.99,0:00:59.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will have a way to better communicate.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.38,0:01:03.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was 7 years old\Nwhen my sister Amal was born.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.23,0:01:05.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was too young to see the challenges
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.89,0:01:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that my family was facing\Non a daily basis,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.46,0:01:13.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I could see that Amal\Ncouldn't crawl, or eat, or talk
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.81,0:01:16.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like any other baby her age.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.91,0:01:22.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But with time, we adjusted\Nto raise a baby with cerebral palsy,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.06,0:01:26.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while understanding her special\Ncommunication patterns and needs.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.41,0:01:29.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nine years later,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.85,0:01:33.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my family was blessed\Nto have another baby, Ahmad.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.47,0:01:38.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ahmad decided to grow up\Nexactly like his sister Amal,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.29,0:01:42.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being so smart, so sharp,\Ncurious about everything around him,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.84,0:01:47.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he also decided to invent\Nhis special communication patterns
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.21,0:01:48.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to communicate with us,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.78,0:01:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for the other people\Nthat couldn't understand him,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.08,0:01:55.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we had to translate.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.21,0:01:59.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Amal and Ahmad say "num"\Nwhen they are hungry,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.66,0:02:04.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they say "ahh" to call\Nthe name of Nora, my sister.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.54,0:02:08.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when they want to call\Nmy name, they say "abeya".
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.83,0:02:12.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In case they want to go\Nto the bathroom, they say "kkhh".
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.37,0:02:16.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We understand most\Nof their special communication patterns,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.95,0:02:20.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's only us, the close circle.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.55,0:02:25.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is the case for most\Nof the people who have an unclear voice.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.29,0:02:29.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of those people is Urit.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.47,0:02:33.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Urit is a 34-year-old woman\Nwith cerebral palsy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.69,0:02:35.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She is living an independent life.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.95,0:02:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She can drive her car, go to the gym,\Nand do a lot of other things.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.92,0:02:47.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, when it comes\Nto communicating using her voice,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.66,0:02:50.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes, it can become\Nharder than going to the gym,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.91,0:02:53.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more frustrating
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.12,0:02:58.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because she finds herself repeating\Nthe same words again and again
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.54,0:03:01.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to be understood.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.07,0:03:04.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We asked Urit to say\Na few words in English.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.37,0:03:08.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's listen to her together
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.20,0:03:10.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and see if you can understand\Nwhat she's trying to say.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.86,0:03:13.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(unclear speech)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.48,0:03:21.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know how many of you\Ncould understand her this first time,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.86,0:03:23.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but let's listen to her again,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.47,0:03:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and really focus and try to understand\Nwhat she's trying to say.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.52,0:03:29.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(unclear speech)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.25,0:03:37.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Try to memorize what she has just said;\Nwe'll get to that later.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.66,0:03:41.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With my siblings, and Urit,\Nand people that I get to know,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.88,0:03:46.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had the chance to see\Na world full of challenges,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.44,0:03:49.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- a world of special people with needs.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.35,0:03:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this allowed me\Nto examine the existent technology
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.77,0:03:57.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in search of an answer\Nfor what my siblings were seeking.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.54,0:04:02.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unfortunately, the current\Nstate of the art assistive technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.34,0:04:07.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including speech recognition applications,\Ncould not provide an answer.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.48,0:04:13.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since then, all the assistive technology\Nhas completely bypassed the voice,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.54,0:04:17.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opting to use other modes of communication
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.36,0:04:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[by] replacing the voice\Nwith symbols and images,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.36,0:04:26.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or movements of the body\Nin the head or in the eyes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.36,0:04:31.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This brings me to the other lightweight\Nalternative that does use the voice
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.70,0:04:35.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is speech recognition applications.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.84,0:04:39.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This technology works in two approaches.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.28,0:04:44.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first approach attempts\Nto discover which word has been said.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.01,0:04:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second approach relies on phonemes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.30,0:04:54.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Phonemes are all the sounds\Nwe produce using our mouth and nose.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.62,0:04:59.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both approaches rely on statistical models
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.81,0:05:03.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a large database of standard speech.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.14,0:05:05.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But once the speech is not standard,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.96,0:05:09.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- when I say not standard,\NI mean it's enough to have an accent,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.66,0:05:11.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like most of us here -
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.74,0:05:13.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this will not work.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.44,0:05:19.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My colleagues and I developed\Na new approach of assistive technology
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.59,0:05:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that does use the person's own voice
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.36,0:05:26.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and can understand\Nnon-standard speech patterns,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.18,0:05:31.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the mission to give people\Nwith a speech disability their voice back.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.86,0:05:36.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, whose life is this going to change?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.41,0:05:39.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People with cerebral palsy,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.17,0:05:41.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people with Parkinson's,\Nand Myasthenia Gravis,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.97,0:05:44.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so many [other] neurological disorders,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.35,0:05:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people who are born\Nwith hearing disabilities,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.64,0:05:51.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or people who suddenly have a stroke\Nand their whole life is changed,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.72,0:05:54.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not only theirs.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.57,0:05:58.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only the people who have\Ndifficulty expressing themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.80,0:06:03.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but everyone who interacts\Nwith them on a daily basis.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.47,0:06:08.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This will make it easier\Nfor them to be socially included
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.55,0:06:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- because every one of us\Nwants to be socially included.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.20,0:06:17.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now, you may be asking yourself,\N"How does it work?"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.51,0:06:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How come the current speech recognition\Ntechnology couldn't do the same?"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.98,0:06:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because our technology works\Nin a different way.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.81,0:06:32.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, each person has to go\Nthrough two phases.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.22,0:06:35.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first phase is called\Nthe calibration phase,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.36,0:06:41.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the person has to teach the device\Nand the application his own patterns
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.05,0:06:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by entering the patterns\Nand building his own dictionary.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.23,0:06:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This phase usually happens
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.92,0:06:48.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the person\Nwho understands him the most.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.92,0:06:51.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Together they will build the dictionary.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.09,0:06:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This generally takes\Nonly one to three hours,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.34,0:06:58.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it depends on the speaking\Ncapability of the speaker.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.28,0:07:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After building the dictionary,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.02,0:07:03.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we move to the second phase\Nwhich is the recognition phase.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.64,0:07:07.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The application will be able to recognize\Nunintelligible speech patterns
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.63,0:07:10.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the dictionary that is already built
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.83,0:07:14.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and translate them\Ninto a clear voice in real time.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.66,0:07:19.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our approach is user-dependent\Nand language-independent
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.82,0:07:23.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means it can work\Nin any language in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.35,0:07:26.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even the invented ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.48,0:07:29.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the key word here\Nis 'pattern-matching'.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.73,0:07:35.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once the person builds his own dictionary,\Nand says a word that already exists there,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.02,0:07:36.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there will be a pattern-matching
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.65,0:07:39.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between what he says\Nand what it already exists.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.83,0:07:41.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But here we found a problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.85,0:07:44.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We found that people\Nwith a speech disability
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.92,0:07:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pronounce different words in similar ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.65,0:07:53.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the challenge was\Nto differentiate between them.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.60,0:07:57.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we created a technology\Ncalled Adaptive Framing.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.26,0:08:03.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Adaptive Framing technology can be adapted\Nto the width of the event in the pattern.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.83,0:08:09.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the existing technology, you can see\Nthe L and the A in the same frame.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.40,0:08:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in our new technology, you can see\Nthat the L and A are in different frames
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.01,0:08:18.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which increases the accuracy\Nof the pattern-matching.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.84,0:08:22.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this makes\Nour pattern-matching so much better.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.46,0:08:26.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I suppose you still remember Urit, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.35,0:08:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's listen to her again now,\Nbut this time using Talkitt:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.52,0:08:34.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(unclear speech)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.57,0:08:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I can ...
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.04,0:08:37.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(unclear speech)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.37,0:08:38.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,... start
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.38,0:08:39.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(unclear speech)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.88,0:08:41.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,... speaking freely.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.98,0:08:44.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.55,0:08:57.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Talkitt is only one step
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.91,0:09:02.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards bridging the gap\Nbetween disability and ability
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.03,0:09:04.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by letting people express their potential.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.95,0:09:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The more we challenge our minds,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.09,0:09:11.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more gaps will collapse\Nto let us all have a normal life.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.51,0:09:12.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.62,0:09:13.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)