[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,War has been a part of my life\Nsince I can remember.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was born in Afghanistan just six\Nmonths after the Soviets invaded,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even though I was too young\Nto understand what was happening,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had a deep sense of the suffering\Nand the fear around me.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those early experiences had a major impact\Non how I now think about war and conflict.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I learned that when people\Nhave a fundamental issue at stake,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for most of them,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,giving in is not an option.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For these types conflicts,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when people's rights are violated,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when countries are occupied,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they're oppressed and humiliated,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they need a powerful way\Nto resist and to fight back.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which means that no matter how destructive\Nand terrible violence is,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if people see it as their only choice,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they will use it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of us are concerned\Nwith the level of violence in the world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we're not going to end war
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by telling people that violence\Nis morally wrong.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead we must offer them a tool
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is at least as powerful\Nand as effective as violence.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the work I do.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the past 13 years,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been teaching people
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in some of the most difficult\Nsituations around the world
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how they can use non-violent\Nstruggle to conduct conflict.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most people associate this type of action\Nwith Gandhi and Martin Luther King.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But people have been using\Nnon-violent action for thousands of years.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most of the rights that we have\Ntoday in this country,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as women,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as minorities,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as workers,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as people of different\Nsexual orientations,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and citizens concerned\Nwith the environment --
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these rights weren't handed to us.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were run by people\Nwho fought for them
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and who sacrificed for them.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But because we haven't learned\Nfrom this history,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,non-violent struggle as a technique\Nis widely misunderstood.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I met recently with a group\Nof Ethiopian activists,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they told me\Nsomething that I hear a lot.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They said they'd already\Ntried non-violent action
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it hadn't worked.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Years ago they held a protest.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The government arrested everyone\Nand that was the end of that.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea that non-violent struggle\Nis equivalent to street protests
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a real problem.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because although protests can be a geat\Nway to show that people want change,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on their own they don't\Nactually create change --
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at least change that is fundamental.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Powerful opponents are not\Ngoing to give people what they want
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just because they asked nicely ...
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even not so nicely.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Non-violent struggle works\Nby destroying an opponent.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not physically,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but by identifying the institutions\Nthat an opponent needs to survive
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then denying them\Nthose sources of power.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Non-violent activists\Ncan neutralize the military
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by causing soldiers to defect.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can disrupt the economy\Nthrough strikes and boycotts.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they can challenge\Ngovernment propaganda
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by creating alternative media.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are a variety of methods\Nthat can be used to do this.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My colleague and mentor Jean Sharp
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has identified 198 methods\Nof non-violent action.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And protest is only once.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me give you a recent example.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Until a few months ago,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Guatemala was ruled by corrupt\Nformer military officials,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with ties to organized crime.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People were generally aware of this,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but most of them felt powerless\Nto do anything about it,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until one group of citizens --
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just 12 regular people --
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put out a call on Facebook\Nto their friends
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to meet in the central plaza holding\Nsigns with a message:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Renuncia ya,"
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resign already.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To their surprise,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,30,000 people showed up.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They stayed there for months\Nas protests spread throughout the country.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At one point,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the organizers delivers hundreds of eggs\Nto various government buildings
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a message:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you don't have the balls --
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the juevos --
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to stop corrupt candidates\Nfrom running for office,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can borrow ours.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,President Molina responded
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by vowing that we would never step down.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the activists realized\Nthey couldn't just keep protesting
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and asked the President to resign.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They needed to leave him no choice,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they organized a general strike
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which people throughout\Nthe country refused to work.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Guatemala City alone,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over 400 businesses and schools\Nshut their doors.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,farmers throughout the country\Nblocked major roads.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Within five days,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the President,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along with dozens of other\Ngovernment officials,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resigned already.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been greatly inspired
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the creativity and bravery\Nof people using non-violent action
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in nearly every country in the world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recently a group of activists in Uganda\Nreleased a crate of pigs in the streets.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see here that the police\Nare confused about what to do with them.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pigs were painted\Nthe color of the ruling party.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One pig was even wearing a hat\Nthat people recognized.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Activists around the world are getting\Nbetter at grabbing headlines,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but these isolated actions do very little\Nif they're not part of a larger strategy.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A general wouldn't march\Nhis troops into battle
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless he had a plan to win the war.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet this is how most of the world's\Nnon-violent movements operate.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Non-violent struggle is just as complex\Nas military warfare,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if not more.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's participants must be well-trained
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have clear objectives,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and its leaders must\Nhave a clear strategy
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of how to achieve those objectives.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The technique of war has been developed\Nover thousands of years,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with massive resources
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some of our best minds\Ndedicated to understanding
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and improving how it works.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,non-violent struggle is rarely\Nsystematically studied,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even though the number is growing,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are still only a few dozen people\Nin the world who are teaching it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is dangerous
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we now know
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that our old approaches of dealing\Nwith conflict are not adequate
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the new challenges that we're facing.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The US government recently admitted
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it's in a stalemate in its\Nwar against ISIS.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what most people don't know
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that people have stood up to ISIS\Nusing non-violent action.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When ISIS captured [Mosul] in June 2014,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they announced that they were putting\Nin place a new public school curriculum
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based on their own extremist idealogy.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But on the first day of school,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not a single child showed up.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Parents simply refused to send them
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they told journalists
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they would rather\Nhomeschool their children
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than to have them brainwashed.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is an example\Nof just one act of defiance
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in just one city.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what if it was coordinated
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the dozens of other acts\Nof non-violent resistance
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have taken place against ISIS?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if the parents' boycott\Nwas part of a larger strategy
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to identify and cut off the resources\Nthat ISIS needs to function?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The skilled labor needed to produce food,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the engineers needed\Nto extract and refine oil.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The media infrastructure\Nand communication networks,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and transportation systems.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the local businesses\Nthat ISIS relies on.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It may be difficult
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to imagine defeating ISIS\Nwith action that is non-violent,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's time that we challenge\Nthe way we think about conflict
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the choices we have in facing it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's an idea worth spreading:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's learn more about where\Nnon-violent action has worked
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how we can make it more powerful,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like we do with other\Nsystems and technologies
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are constantly being refined\Nto better meet human needs.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It may be that we can\Nimprove non-violent action
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a point where it is increasingly\Nused in places of war.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Violence as a tool of conflict\N
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could be abandoned in the same\Nway that bows and arrows were,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we have replaced them\Nwith weapons that more effective.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With human innovation,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can make non-violent\Nstruggle more powerful
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the newest and latest\Ntechnologies of war.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The greatest hope for humanity\Nlies not in condemning violence
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in making violence obsolete.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)