[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.20,0:00:04.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,War has been a part of my life\Nsince I can remember.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.81,0:00:08.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was born in Afghanistan,\Njust six months after the Soviets invaded,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.53,0:00:12.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even though I was too young\Nto understand what was happening,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.83,0:00:16.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had a deep sense of the suffering\Nand the fear around me.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.22,0:00:22.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those early experiences had a major impact\Non how I now think about war and conflict.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.05,0:00:26.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I learned that when people\Nhave a fundamental issue at stake,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.51,0:00:27.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for most of them,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.79,0:00:29.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,giving in is not an option.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.97,0:00:31.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For these types conflicts --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.61,0:00:33.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when people's rights are violated,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.42,0:00:35.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when their countries are occupied,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.21,0:00:37.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they're oppressed and humiliated --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.45,0:00:40.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they need a powerful way\Nto resist and to fight back.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.31,0:00:45.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which means that no matter how destructive\Nand terrible violence is,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.60,0:00:48.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if people see it as their only choice,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.04,0:00:49.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they will use it.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.07,0:00:53.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of us are concerned\Nwith the level of violence in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.04,0:00:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we're not going to end war
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.52,0:00:58.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by telling people\Nthat violence is morally wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.88,0:01:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, we must offer them a tool
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.31,0:01:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's at least as powerful\Nand as effective as violence.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.57,0:01:07.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the work I do.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.72,0:01:09.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the past 13 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.28,0:01:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been teaching people
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.59,0:01:13.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in some of the most difficult\Nsituations around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.72,0:01:17.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how they can use nonviolent\Nstruggle to conduct conflict.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.11,0:01:22.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most people associate this type of action\Nwith Gandhi and Martin Luther King.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.59,0:01:27.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But people have been using\Nnonviolent action for thousands of years.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.83,0:01:32.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, most of the rights\Nthat we have today in this country --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.19,0:01:33.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as women,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.36,0:01:34.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as minorities,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.54,0:01:35.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as workers,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.91,0:01:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as people of different sexual orientations
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.50,0:01:40.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and citizens concerned\Nwith the environment --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.98,0:01:42.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these rights weren't handed to us.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.23,0:01:45.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were won by people\Nwho fought for them
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.41,0:01:47.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and who sacrificed for them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.26,0:01:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But because we haven't learned\Nfrom this history,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.80,0:01:53.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nonviolent struggle as a technique\Nis widely misunderstood.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.49,0:01:57.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I met recently with a group\Nof Ethiopian activists,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.63,0:02:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they told me something\Nthat I hear a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.81,0:02:03.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They said they'd already\Ntried nonviolent action,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.16,0:02:04.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it hadn't worked.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.60,0:02:06.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Years ago they held a protest.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.96,0:02:10.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The government arrested everyone,\Nand that was the end of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.30,0:02:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea that nonviolent struggle\Nis equivalent to street protests
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.29,0:02:16.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a real problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.20,0:02:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because although protests can be a great\Nway to show that people want change,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.63,0:02:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on their own, they don't\Nactually create change --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.52,0:02:26.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at least change that is fundamental.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.51,0:02:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.73,0:02:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Powerful opponents are not going to give\Npeople what they want
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.86,0:02:32.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just because they asked nicely ...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.52,0:02:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even not so nicely.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.42,0:02:36.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.58,0:02:39.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nonviolent struggle works\Nby destroying an opponent,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.02,0:02:41.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not physically,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.35,0:02:45.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but by identifying the institutions\Nthat an opponent needs to survive,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.79,0:02:47.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then denying them\Nthose sources of power.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.47,0:02:51.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nonviolent activists\Ncan neutralize the military
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.26,0:02:53.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by causing soldiers to defect.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.51,0:02:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can disrupt the economy\Nthrough strikes and boycotts.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.19,0:02:59.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they can challenge\Ngovernment propaganda
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.52,0:03:01.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by creating alternative media.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.83,0:03:04.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are a variety of methods\Nthat can be used to do this.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.38,0:03:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My colleague and mentor, Gene Sharp,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.20,0:03:12.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has identified 198 methods\Nof nonviolent action.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.19,0:03:15.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And protest is only one.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.38,0:03:18.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me give you a recent example.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.88,0:03:20.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Until a few months ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.38,0:03:23.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Guatemala was ruled\Nby corrupt former military officials
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.62,0:03:25.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with ties to organized crime.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.07,0:03:27.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People were generally aware of this,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.89,0:03:31.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but most of them felt powerless\Nto do anything about it --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.40,0:03:36.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until one group of citizens,\Njust 12 regular people,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.51,0:03:39.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put out a call on Facebook\Nto their friends
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.27,0:03:42.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to meet in the central plaza,\Nholding signs with a message:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.05,0:03:44.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Renuncia YA" --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.02,0:03:46.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resign already.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.20,0:03:48.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To their surprise,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.63,0:03:50.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,30,000 people showed up.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.04,0:03:54.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They stayed there for months\Nas protests spread throughout the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.93,0:03:56.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At one point,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.11,0:04:00.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the organizers delivered hundreds of eggs\Nto various government buildings
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.32,0:04:01.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a message:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.96,0:04:03.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If you don't have the huevos" --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.87,0:04:05.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the balls --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.10,0:04:08.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"to stop corrupt candidates\Nfrom running for office,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.18,0:04:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can borrow ours."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.66,0:04:11.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.34,0:04:14.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.47,0:04:17.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,President Molina responded
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.01,0:04:20.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by vowing that he would never step down.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.67,0:04:24.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the activists realized\Nthat they couldn't just keep protesting
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.30,0:04:26.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ask the president to resign.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.34,0:04:28.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They needed to leave him no choice.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.79,0:04:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they organized a general strike,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.75,0:04:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which people throughout\Nthe country refused to work.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.42,0:04:34.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Guatemala City alone,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.84,0:04:37.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over 400 businesses\Nand schools shut their doors.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.37,0:04:39.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.57,0:04:42.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,farmers throughout the country\Nblocked major roads.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.22,0:04:43.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Within five days,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.73,0:04:44.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the president,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.93,0:04:47.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along with dozens of other\Ngovernment officials,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.68,0:04:49.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resigned already.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.17,0:04:53.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.48,0:04:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been greatly inspired
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.10,0:04:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the creativity and bravery\Nof people using nonviolent action
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.03,0:05:01.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in nearly every country in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.72,0:05:02.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.89,0:05:05.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recently a group of activists in Uganda
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.47,0:05:07.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,released a crate of pigs in the streets.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.10,0:05:11.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see here that the police\Nare confused about what to do with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.56,0:05:12.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.62,0:05:15.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pigs were painted\Nthe color of the ruling party.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.62,0:05:17.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One pig was even wearing a hat,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.92,0:05:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a hat that people recognized.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.32,0:05:21.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.26,0:05:25.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Activists around the world\Nare getting better at grabbing headlines,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.66,0:05:28.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but these isolated actions do very little
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.34,0:05:30.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they're not part of a larger strategy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.91,0:05:33.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A general wouldn't march\Nhis troops into battle
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.18,0:05:35.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless he had a plan to win the war.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.33,0:05:38.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet this is how most of the world's\Nnonviolent movements operate.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.90,0:05:43.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nonviolent struggle is just as complex\Nas military warfare,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.24,0:05:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if not more.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.46,0:05:48.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Its participants must be well-trained\Nand have clear objectives,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.68,0:05:52.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and its leaders must have a strategy\Nof how to achieve those objectives.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.24,0:05:56.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The technique of war has been developed\Nover thousands of years
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.53,0:05:58.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with massive resources
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.10,0:06:01.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some of our best minds\Ndedicated to understanding
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.37,0:06:03.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and improving how it works.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.61,0:06:08.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile, nonviolent struggle\Nis rarely systematically studied,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.21,0:06:10.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even though the number is growing,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.25,0:06:14.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are still only a few dozen people\Nin the world who are teaching it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.85,0:06:16.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is dangerous,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.17,0:06:20.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we now know that our old\Napproaches of dealing with conflict
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.36,0:06:23.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not adequate for the new\Nchallenges that we're facing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.80,0:06:25.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The US government recently admitted
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.91,0:06:28.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it's in a stalemate\Nin its war against ISIS.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.32,0:06:31.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what most people don't know
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.09,0:06:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that people have stood up to ISIS\Nusing nonviolent action.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.12,0:06:38.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When ISIS captured Mosul in June 2014,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.95,0:06:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they announced that they were putting\Nin place a new public school curriculum,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.71,0:06:44.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based on their own extremist ideology.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.56,0:06:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But on the first day of school,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.67,0:06:49.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not a single child showed up.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.22,0:06:53.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Parents simply refused to send them.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.07,0:06:56.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They told journalists they would rather\Nhomeschool their children
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.28,0:06:57.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than to have them brainwashed.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.69,0:07:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is an example\Nof just one act of defiance
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.72,0:07:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in just one city.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.66,0:07:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what if it was coordinated
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.13,0:07:07.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the dozens of other acts\Nof nonviolent resistance
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.77,0:07:09.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have taken place against ISIS?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.85,0:07:13.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if the parents' boycott\Nwas part of a larger strategy
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.31,0:07:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to identify and cut off the resources\Nthat ISIS needs to function;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.16,0:07:20.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the skilled labor needed to produce food;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.68,0:07:24.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the engineers needed\Nto extract and refine oil;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.29,0:07:26.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the media infrastructure\Nand communications networks
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.91,0:07:28.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and transportation systems,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.90,0:07:31.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the local businesses\Nthat ISIS relies on?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.91,0:07:35.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It may be difficult\Nto imagine defeating ISIS
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.06,0:07:36.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with action that is nonviolent.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.51,0:07:40.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's time we challenge\Nthe way we think about conflict
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.64,0:07:43.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the choices we have in facing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.19,0:07:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's an idea worth spreading:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.49,0:07:49.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's learn more about where\Nnonviolent action has worked
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.67,0:07:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how we can make it more powerful,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.21,0:07:55.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like we do with other\Nsystems and technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.28,0:07:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are constantly being refined\Nto better meet human needs.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.45,0:08:02.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It may be that we can improve\Nnonviolent action
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.93,0:08:06.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a point where it is increasingly\Nused in place of war.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.84,0:08:10.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Violence as a tool of conflict\Ncould then be abandoned
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.94,0:08:13.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the same way that bows and arrows were,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.37,0:08:16.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we have replaced them\Nwith weapons that are more effective.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.43,0:08:22.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With human innovation, we can make\Nnonviolent struggle more powerful
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.33,0:08:24.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the newest and latest\Ntechnologies of war.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.01,0:08:30.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The greatest hope for humanity\Nlies not in condemning violence
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.50,0:08:32.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in making violence obsolete.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.36,0:08:35.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.54,0:08:43.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)