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Greetings! Dr. Mark Winton here and this

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is one of the videos that I''l be making

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for our class on serial murder and

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the criminal justice system.

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What I'd like to do is introduce you

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to the textbook and some of the areas

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that we'll be covering.

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We have an excellent textbook. It's a

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great resource that you could use

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throughout your career:

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Serial Murderers and their Victims,

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6th Edition, written by Professor

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Eric W. Hickey.

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And Dr. Hickey does a superb job of

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comprehensively addressing serial murder.

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So I think you'll find a variety of

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areas of interest as we progress

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through the semester.

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In Chapter 1, Introduction to Phenomena

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of Serial Murder, we begin to explore

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some of the myths related to serial

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murder and how those have been created

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by society and the media and the general

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public. And then we move on to looking

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at basically the definitions of the

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different types of criminal activities

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related to serial murder and murder in

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general, and then we take a look at the difference

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between mass murder and serial murder.

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We try to get some estimates of how

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much serial murder and mass murder

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occur in the United States. And then

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we look at some of the cases. You'll find

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a wealth of cases for comparative

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analysis within your textbook.

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There are a lot of different areas that

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you can also bridge this material in

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your work, whether you work in cases

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of serial murder or not or you work in

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some type of investigatory capacity

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or in the legal system or if you have

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an interest or if you want to find out

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really the information and compare and

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contrast the research findings to what

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you see in the media and what you hear

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about in general public to see what's

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accurate and what's inaccurate.

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So there's a variety of reasons why

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people have taken this course -- some for

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their interest, others for their interest

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and their professional development, and

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others to learn about a topic that they

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like to explore in their future work, and

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some who may be investigating a variety

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of crimes, violent crimes, and will

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find this information useful in their

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own work. Of course, if you're conducting

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research, there will be a lot of

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useful information as well.

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So basically murder is the illegal

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taking of another's life. And a lot of times

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you will see that when we talk abut

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murder, the big features that come into

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play is intent. So someone who comes up to s

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someone and gets in an argument and

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stabs them with a knife and had planned

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to do this because they had some type

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of disagreement is very different from

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someone who's walking down the street and

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they accidentally bump into someone who

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falls, bumps their head and dies. So we have

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a lot of different situations, and I'm

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sure that you can see how in the press

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and in the courtroom these definitions

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are often debated.

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And so you can see the different types of

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murder: premeditated murder, for example,

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justifiable homicide, manslaughter,

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involuntary manslaughter, and then you

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can see the different other types of

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homicide related basically to age and

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relationship, for example, the killing of

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newborns or infants or siblings or

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parents and then you can see that we

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move into a variety of other definitions

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related to mass murder and serial murder

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and your author provides some cases.

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Holmes comes up with a classification

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of mass murder, and that's kind of an

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interesting feature to look at because then

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you start to look at the whole idea of

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classification and how we actually do that.

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And so that would be relevant to look at.

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But let me back up a moment and let me

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define mass murder according to the FBI.

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And mass murder is the killing of 4 or

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more persons at one time. And so there

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we have a definition of mass murder. What

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you will see here when we start

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differentiating different types of

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murders that the number and whether or not

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there's a cooling off period becomes

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very relevant. So mass murder is

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basically killing 4 or more persons

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at one time. There's been a bunch of

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examples of mass murder, and one that

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is being discussed in the press right now

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is Dr. Hassan, the psychiatrist at Fort

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Hood, who in 2009 shot over 40 military

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personnel, killing 13. That would be

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from at least, your textbook classifies

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that as a mass murder.

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Dr. Amy Bishop, in 2010 in the state

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of Alabama, shot 6 faculty members, killing

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3 at her university. So that is a profile

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of mass murder in your textbook, but then you

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say, "Okay, killing 4 or more persons is the

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FBI definition" and so you know, we have

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to see that there are some

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inconsistencies. So we will stick to some

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of the general themes, but you'll see that

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different researchers and organizations may

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have different definitions. And Holmes,

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for example, starts looking at mass

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murder classifications and comes up with,

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for example, the family slayer or

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annihilator and the murder for profit,

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murder for sex, the pseudo commando, and the

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set and run killer. So here again, you look

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at these types of classifications and

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you see that not only does it relate to

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how many people are killed in the time

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period, but also the major motive,

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the motivating factor for the killing.

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Additionally, for example, the psychotic

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killer, the disgruntled employee, the

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disciple-type killer, the ideological

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mass murderer who may be involved in some

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type of cult, and institutional mass

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murderers. And in my own research, one of my

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specialty areas is genocide, and a lot

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of my studies focus on mass murder conducted

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by those engaging in genocidal regimes. And

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I'll discuss more of that and my research

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as we progress in the semester. But that

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would be kind of an institutional mass murder

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type.

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What's interesting about the mass murderers

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is that they usually don't seem to have

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a great concern about being captured

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or being killed and some may be killed by

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police and others kill themselves, commit

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suicide once they complete their massacre.

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And some simply just wait for the police and

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and then are arrested. And we'll see that

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that dramatically differs from serial

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killers.

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And in some cases of mass murder, mass

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killings, the offender may commit murders in

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one location and then move to another

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location, another building or another

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address and that is bifurcation and so we

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see that split into two places. But there's

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NOT a cooling off period. There will be one

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cooling off period in the case of serial

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murder, but not in cases of mass murder.

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And, um, we have many case studies in our

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textbook. One thing that we find is that

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mass murderers are usually caught by the

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police or as I mentioned before killed by

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the police or commit suicide. And we've seen

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of course, the media attention to the mass

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murders. Mass murderer is, again, either

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going to get caught or die, while serial

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killers focus their attention on preventing

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being caught or captured and may commit

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murders for years and years and years

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and years. Um, a spree murder, as your author

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points out, we get into that problem of

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defining the cooling off period that

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occurs between killings, that mass

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murderers usually within, let's say, minutes

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or hours; the serial killer, the

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differentiation of time would be days,

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weeks, months, or years. And then, we get

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into that area where we're not very clear and

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then we might see some difficulty there

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agreeing.

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Serial murder, in contrast, is defined

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by the FBI as the unlawful killing of two

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or more victims by the same offenders in

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separate events. Okay, so we will of course

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say, "Well, what do you mean by separate

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events?" There's a cooling off period.

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So you might say, "Well, what about

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someone who, you know, kills 2 people in a

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home and then goes home and waits for a day

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because there's a snowstorm before going

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to another home down the street and

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continuing the killing?" Is that mass

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murder? Is that, you know, serial killing,

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serial murder, or something else? And so

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there is some issue with the definitions.

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Of course on exams, I'll keep it very

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straightforward.

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So the FBI definition of serial murder is

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the unlawful killing of 2 or more victims

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by the same offenders in separate events.

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Now, we get into some of the myths of serial

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murder.

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One is that serial murderers are almost

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all the time white. That's actually

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not the case.

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That serial murderers are men, even though

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the majority may be male, there are

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female serial killers. It's a myth that

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serial murderers are insane. Some may be,

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but many are not. Many are not judged to be

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legally insane. And again, insanity is

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not really a mental health term; it's a

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legal term. For practical purposes, we say

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that the person is out of touch with reality

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and cannot tell the difference between

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right or wrong, and then the cases we will

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they knew what they were doing was illegal,

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they knew what they were doing would

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be considered wrong by society. Some argue

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that serial murderers tend to be very

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highly intelligent. Some are. Some are of

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average or low intelligence. Some argue ta

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there's a sexual motive for all serial

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murders. That's not necessarily the case.

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Some believe that serial murderers tend

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to kill alone. Some do but some choose to

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kill in pairs or small groups. Some say

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they cannot stop the killing, but we see

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that actually many serial murderers may

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stop killing for long periods of time, and

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we'll see some case studies where that is

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the case. Some believe they have some type

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of a conscious desire to be caught. That

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is not the case because many are not

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caught for many, many years or are never

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caught.

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And so, for example, one study found 17%

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of serial murderers were female. The majority

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of them are male, but 17% is a relatively

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large number if you were going to say "most"

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or "all" are men, that's not true. And so,

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the statistics also show that a very small

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percentage are legally insane. They say

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under 5%, and so that's important to

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recognize. Some believe that serial killers

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kill hundreds, but we see that most kill

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under 10 victims. And many of the serial

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murders occur in a particular geographical

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location, and as I mentioned, there may be

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several years between the murders and

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we see a variety of factors that are open

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you know, for debate. But we also find some

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clear patterns that begin to emerge. So

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the major motivating factors that are

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described in your textbook for serial murder

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relate to anger, criminal enterprise,

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financial gain, ideological belief systems,

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power/thrill, sexual motive, or a motive

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based on some type of psychosis. And through

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this course we can look at the different

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types as we progress through the semester

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and into more detail.

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The FBI has this organized/disorganized

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dichotomy, to look at the organized serial

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killer and the disorganized serial killer,

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and there's a lot of debate about that

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because many seem to fall somewhere in

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between, where there's some organization

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aspects to the killing and some very

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disorganized. And sometimes you see a serial

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murder where it's very disorganized, other

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times very organized, the person, that is,

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and other times you see somewhere in between.

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So, um, there may be difficulty in using

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this typology unless you're looking at just

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the extremes.

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Holmes again develops typologies of serial

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murder, such as the visionary, the mission-

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oriented, the hedonistic, and the

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power/control oriented. So a variety are

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very useful information there.

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And so I think Chapter 1 starts to give you

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this general overview of the extent, and we

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can see that, again, we're really not

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sure -- these estimates vary widely -- how

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much serial murders actually occur, how

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many are actually caught because again we

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run into these definitional problems, these

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linkage problems, that there may be some

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serial killers who over a period of time

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lapses or are never linked or they may kill

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in different areas, and that may be an

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issue. And of course, the media aspects of

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mass murder, serial murder, are clearly

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there, especially with the 24/7 news that

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we see what has happened recently with

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serial killers or mass murderers that are

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portrayed in the media. I can tell you my

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own perception, when I first became aware of

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serial killing that was back in the 60s

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when I was a youngster in California. And

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the Zodiac was killing people in the Bay Area

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and I got a little better information about

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that -- not that much because I was

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relatively young, but I knew something bad

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was happening. I knew someone was going

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around killing people and from what I could

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gather from the press, I don't remember

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seeing much of that on television when I

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watched television, probably because the

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news was on once a day and probably tried

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to avoid watching that back when I was

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young and there wasn't much discussion. My

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friends would just say to stay in groups

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don't go out at night. We tended to know

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our neighbors. But that fear is always

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there. What I do remember is that at some

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point, a knife with blood on it and clothes

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were found in the wooded area near where

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we lived and that was the last time I was

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able to go out there in the woods by my

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self or with friends. And no one knows,

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or I don't know, certainly, what became

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of that knife with blood on it and clothes

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and so on because no one ever explained,

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but shortly thereafter we moved to a very

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safe state where there was no crime, Florida,

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and everything was fine. But I can r

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remember over the years though, even seeing

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cases, I'd work with agencies over the

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years in my capacity as a sociologist

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and a counselor. I've never been in law

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enforcement before, and I've never

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investigated cases of serial murder or

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anything like that from a police

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perspective, but I've worked with

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agencies that assisted in a variety of

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investigations. And so I kind of have some

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background in information from there, and I

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can say that over the years things have

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changed dramatically. When I first started

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working in the field, we did not even have

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computers at that time. We had tape

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recorders to do dictating of our notes, and

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we had typewriters, and if we made mistakes

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we had to start over. We had to use some

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chemical called White Out, which led to a

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lot of controversy because apparently

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people would sniff it, and then they'd

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make more mistakes with their typing and

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they had to take that chemical out. And so

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there's lots of changes, basically. And I

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want you to think about those changes

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that have occurred over the years when you

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are reading these cases, think about the

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cultural climate, the historical time

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period, what was going on, the politics,

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the community, the investigatory abilities,

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and then think about even in the future, how

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we'll see investigations proceed.

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So welcome to the course, and I hope you're

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able to learn a lot about different types

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of serial murder and different types of

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violent crimes during this course that will