[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.00,0:00:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is my grandfather.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.00,0:00:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is my son.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.00,0:00:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My grandfather taught me to work with wood
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.00,0:00:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I was a little boy,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.00,0:00:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he also taught me the idea that
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.00,0:00:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you cut down a tree to turn it into something,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.00,0:00:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,honor that tree's life and make it as beautiful
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.00,0:00:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as you possibly can.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.00,0:00:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My little boy reminded me
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.00,0:00:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that for all the technology and all the toys in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.00,0:00:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes just a small block of wood,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.00,0:00:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you stack it up tall,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.00,0:00:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually is an incredibly inspiring thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.00,0:00:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are my buildings.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.00,0:00:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I build all around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.00,0:00:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of our office in Vancouver and New York.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.00,0:00:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we build buildings of different sizes and styles
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.00,0:00:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and different materials, depending on where we are.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.00,0:00:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But wood is the material that I love the most,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.00,0:00:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm going to tell you the story about wood.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.00,0:00:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And part of the reason I love it is that every time
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.00,0:00:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people go into my buildings that are wood,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.00,0:00:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I notice they react completely differently.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.00,0:00:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've never seen anybody walk into one of my buildings
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.00,0:01:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and hug a steel or a concrete column,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.00,0:01:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I've actually seen that happen in a wood building.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.00,0:01:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've actually seen how people touch the wood,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.00,0:01:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think there's a reason for it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.00,0:01:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just like snowflakes, no two pieces of wood
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.00,0:01:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can ever be the same anywhere on Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.00,0:01:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a wonderful thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.00,0:01:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I like to think that wood
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.00,0:01:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gives Mother Nature fingerprints in our buildings.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.00,0:01:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's Mother Nature's fingerprints that make
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.00,0:01:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our buildings connect us to nature in the built environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.00,0:01:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I live in Vancouver, near a forest
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.00,0:01:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that grows to 33 stories tall.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.00,0:01:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Down the coast here in California, the redwood forest
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.00,0:01:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grows to 40 stories tall.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.00,0:01:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the buildings that we think about in wood
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.00,0:01:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are only four stories tall in most places on Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.00,0:01:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even building codes actually limit the ability for us to build
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.00,0:01:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much taller than four stories in many places,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.00,0:01:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's true here in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.00,0:01:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now there are exceptions,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.00,0:01:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there needs to be some exceptions,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.00,0:01:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and things are going to change, I'm hoping.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.00,0:02:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the reason I think that way is that
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.00,0:02:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,today half of us live in cities,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.00,0:02:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that number is going to grow to 75 percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.00,0:02:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cities and density mean that our buildings
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.00,0:02:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are going to continue to be big,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.00,0:02:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think there's a role for wood to play in cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.00,0:02:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I feel that way because three billion people
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.00,0:02:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the world today, over the next 20 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.00,0:02:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will need a new home.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.00,0:02:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's 40 percent of the world that are going to need
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.00,0:02:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a new building built for them in the next 20 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.00,0:02:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, one in three people living in cities today
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.00,0:02:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually live in a slum.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.00,0:02:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's one billion people in the world live in slums.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.00,0:02:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A hundred million people in the world are homeless.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.00,0:02:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The scale of the challenge for architects
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.00,0:02:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for society to deal with in building
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.00,0:02:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to find a solution to house these people.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.00,0:02:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the challenge is, as we move to cities,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.00,0:02:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cities are built in these two materials,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.00,0:03:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,steel and concrete, and they're great materials.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.00,0:03:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're the materials of the last century.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.00,0:03:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they're also materials with very high energy
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.00,0:03:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and very high greenhouse gas emissions in their process.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.00,0:03:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Steel represents about three percent
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.00,0:03:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of man's greenhouse gas emissions,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.00,0:03:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and concrete is over five percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.00,0:03:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you think about that, eight percent
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.00,0:03:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of our contribution to greenhouse gases today
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.00,0:03:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comes from those two materials alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.00,0:03:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't think about it a lot, and unfortunately,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.00,0:03:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we actually don't even think about buildings, I think,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.00,0:03:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as much as we should.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.00,0:03:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a U.S. statistic about the impact of greenhouse gases.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.00,0:03:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost half of our greenhouse gases are related to the building industry,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.00,0:03:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if we look at energy, it's the same story.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.00,0:03:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll notice that transportation's sort of second down that list,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.00,0:03:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that's the conversation we mostly hear about.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.00,0:03:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And although a lot of that is about energy,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.00,0:03:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's also so much about carbon.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.00,0:03:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem I see is that, ultimately,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.00,0:03:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the clash of how we solve that problem
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.00,0:04:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of serving those three billion people that need a home,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.00,0:04:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and climate change, are a head-on collision
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.00,0:04:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about to happen, or already happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.00,0:04:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That challenge means that we have to start thinking in new ways,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.00,0:04:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think wood is going to be part of that solution,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.00,0:04:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm going to tell you the story of why.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.00,0:04:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As an architect, wood is the only material,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.00,0:04:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,big material, that I can build with
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.00,0:04:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's already grown by the power of the sun.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.00,0:04:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When a tree grows in the forest and gives off oxygen
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.00,0:04:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and soaks up carbon dioxide,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.00,0:04:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it dies and it falls to the forest floor,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.00,0:04:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it gives that carbon dioxide back to the atmosphere or into the ground.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.00,0:04:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If it burns in a forest fire, it's going to give that carbon
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.00,0:04:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back to the atmosphere as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.00,0:04:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you take that wood and you put it into a building
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.00,0:04:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or into a piece of furniture or into that wooden toy,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.00,0:04:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it actually has an amazing capacity
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.00,0:04:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to store the carbon and provide us with a sequestration.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.00,0:04:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One cubic meter of wood will store
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.00,0:04:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one tonne of carbon dioxide.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.00,0:05:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now our two solutions to climate are obviously
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.00,0:05:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reduce our emissions and find storage.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.00,0:05:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wood is the only major material building material
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.00,0:05:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can build with that actually does both those two things.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.00,0:05:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I believe that we have
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.00,0:05:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an ethic that the Earth grows our food,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.00,0:05:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we need to move to an ethic in this century
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.00,0:05:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the Earth should grow our homes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.00,0:05:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, how are we going to do that
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.00,0:05:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we're urbanizing at this rate
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.00,0:05:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we think about wood buildings only at four stories?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.00,0:05:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to reduce the concrete and steel and we need
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.00,0:05:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to grow bigger, and what we've been working on
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.00,0:05:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is 30-story tall buildings made of wood.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.00,0:05:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've been engineering them with an engineer
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.00,0:05:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,named Eric Karsh who works with me on it,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.00,0:05:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we've been doing this new work because
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.00,0:05:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are new wood products out there for us to use,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.00,0:05:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we call them mass timber panels.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.00,0:05:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are panels made with young trees,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.00,0:05:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,small growth trees, small pieces of wood
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.00,0:05:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,glued together to make panels that are enormous:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.00,0:06:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eight feet wide, 64 feet long, and of various thicknesses.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.00,0:06:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The way I describe this best, I've found, is to say
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.00,0:06:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're all used to two-by-four construction
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.00,0:06:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we think about wood.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.00,0:06:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what people jump to as a conclusion.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.00,0:06:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two-by-four construction is sort of like the little
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.00,0:06:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eight-dot bricks of Lego that we all played with as kids,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.00,0:06:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can make all kinds of cool things out of Lego
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.00,0:06:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at that size, and out of two-by-fours.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.00,0:06:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But do remember when you were a kid,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.00,0:06:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you kind of sifted through the pile in your basement,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.00,0:06:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you found that big 24-dot brick of Lego,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.00,0:06:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you were kind of like,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.00,0:06:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Cool, this is awesome. I can build something really big,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.00,0:06:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is going to be great."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.00,0:06:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the change.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.00,0:06:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mass timber panels are those 24-dot bricks.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.00,0:06:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're changing the scale of what we can do,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.00,0:06:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what we've developed is something we call FFTT,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.00,0:06:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a Creative Commons solution
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.00,0:06:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to building a very flexible system
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.00,0:06:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of building with these large panels where we tilt up
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.00,0:06:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,six stories at a time if we want to.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.00,0:06:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This animation shows you how the building goes together
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.00,0:07:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a very simple way, but these buildings are available
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.00,0:07:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for architects and engineers now to build on
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.00,0:07:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for different cultures in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.00,0:07:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,different architectural styles and characters.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.00,0:07:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In order for us to build safely,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.00,0:07:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've engineered these buildings, actually,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.00,0:07:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to work in a Vancouver context,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.00,0:07:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we're a high seismic zone,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.00,0:07:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even at 30 stories tall.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.00,0:07:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now obviously, every time I bring this up,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.00,0:07:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people even, you know, here at the conference, say,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.00,0:07:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Are you serious? Thirty stories? How's that going to happen?"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.00,0:07:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's a lot of really good questions that are asked
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.00,0:07:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and important questions that we spent quite a long time
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.00,0:07:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,working on the answers to as we put together
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.00,0:07:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our report and the peer reviewed report.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.00,0:07:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm just going to focus on a few of them,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.00,0:07:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and let's start with fire, because I think fire
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.00,0:07:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is probably the first one that you're all thinking about right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.00,0:07:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fair enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.00,0:07:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the way I describe it is this.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.00,0:07:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I asked you to take a match and light it
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.00,0:07:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and hold up a log and try to get that log to go on fire,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.00,0:07:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it doesn't happen, right? We all know that.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.00,0:07:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But to build a fire, you kind of start with small pieces
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.00,0:07:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of wood and you work your way up,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.00,0:07:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and eventually you can add the log to the fire,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.00,0:08:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when you do add the log to the fire, of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.00,0:08:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it burns, but it burns slowly.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.00,0:08:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, mass timber panels, these new products
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.00,0:08:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're using, are much like the log.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.00,0:08:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's hard to start them on fire, and when they do,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.00,0:08:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they actually burn extraordinarily predictably,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.00,0:08:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can use fire science in order to predict
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.00,0:08:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and make these buildings as safe as concrete
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.00,0:08:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as safe as steel.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.00,0:08:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next big issue, deforestation.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.00,0:08:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eighteen percent of our contribution
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.00,0:08:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to greenhouse gas emissions worldwide
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.00,0:08:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the result of deforestation.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.00,0:08:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last thing we want to do is cut down trees.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.00,0:08:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or, the last thing we want to do is cut down the wrong trees.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.00,0:08:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are models for sustainable forestry
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.00,0:08:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that allow us to cut trees properly,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.00,0:08:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and those are the only trees appropriate
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.00,0:08:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to use for these kinds of systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.00,0:08:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I actually think that these ideas
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.00,0:08:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will change the economics of deforestation.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.00,0:08:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In countries with deforestation issues,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.00,0:08:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to find a way to provide
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.00,0:08:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,better value for the forest
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.00,0:09:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and actually encourage people to make money
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.00,0:09:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through very fast growth cycles --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.00,0:09:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,10-, 12-, 15-year-old trees that make these products
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.00,0:09:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and allow us to build at this scale.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.00,0:09:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've calculated a 20-story building:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.00,0:09:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll grow enough wood in North America every 13 minutes.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.00,0:09:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's how much it takes.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.00,0:09:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The carbon story here is a really good one.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.00,0:09:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we built a 20-story building out of cement and concrete,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.00,0:09:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the process would result in the manufacturing
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.00,0:09:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of that cement and 1,200 tonnes of carbon dioxide.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.00,0:09:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we did it in wood, in this solution,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.00,0:09:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'd sequester about 3,100 tonnes,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.00,0:09:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a net difference of 4,300 tonnes.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.00,0:09:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the equivalent of about 900 cars
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.00,0:09:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,removed from the road in one year.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.00,0:09:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think back to that three billion people
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.00,0:09:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that need a new home,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.00,0:09:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maybe this is a contributor to reducing.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.00,0:09:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're at the beginning of a revolution, I hope,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.00,0:09:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the way we build, because this is the first new way
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.00,0:09:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to build a skyscraper in probably 100 years or more.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.00,0:10:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the challenge is changing society's perception
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.00,0:10:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of possibility, and it's a huge challenge.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.00,0:10:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The engineering is, truthfully, the easy part of this.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.00,0:10:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the way I describe it is this.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.00,0:10:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first skyscraper, technically --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.00,0:10:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the definition of a skyscraper is 10 stories tall, believe it or not —
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.00,0:10:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the first skyscraper was this one in Chicago,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.00,0:10:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people were terrified to walk underneath this building.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.00,0:10:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But only four years after it was built,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.00,0:10:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gustave Eiffel was building the Eiffel Tower,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.00,0:10:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as he built the Eiffel Tower,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.00,0:10:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he changed the skylines of the cities of the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.00,0:10:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changed and created a competition
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.00,0:10:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between places like New York City and Chicago,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.00,0:10:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where developers started building bigger and bigger buildings
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.00,0:10:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and pushing the envelope up higher and higher
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.00,0:10:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with better and better engineering.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.00,0:10:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We built this model in New York, actually,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.00,0:10:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a theoretical model on the campus
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.00,0:10:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a technical university soon to come,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.00,0:10:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the reason we picked this site
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.00,0:10:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to just show you what these buildings may look like,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.00,0:10:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the exterior can change.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.00,0:10:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really just the structure that we're talking about.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.00,0:11:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason we picked it is because this is a technical university,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.00,0:11:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I believe that wood is the most
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.00,0:11:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technologically advanced material I can build with.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.00,0:11:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It just happens to be that Mother Nature holds the patent,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.00,0:11:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we don't really feel comfortable with it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.00,0:11:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that's the way it should be,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.00,0:11:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nature's fingerprints in the built environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.00,0:11:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm looking for this opportunity
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.00,0:11:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to create an Eiffel Tower moment, we call it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.00,0:11:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Buildings are starting to go up around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.00,0:11:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a building in London that's nine stories,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.00,0:11:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a new building that just finished in Australia
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.00,0:11:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I believe is 10 or 11.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.00,0:11:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're starting to push the height up of these wood buildings,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.00,0:11:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're hoping, and I'm hoping,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.00,0:11:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that my hometown of Vancouver actually potentially
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.00,0:11:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,announces the world's tallest at around 20 stories
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.00,0:11:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the not-so-distant future.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.00,0:11:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That Eiffel Tower moment will break the ceiling,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.00,0:11:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these arbitrary ceilings of height,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.00,0:11:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and allow wood buildings to join the competition.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.00,0:11:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I believe the race is ultimately on.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.00,0:11:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.00,0:12:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)