[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is my grandfather.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is my son.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My grandfather taught me to work with wood
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I was a little boy,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he also taught me the idea that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you cut down a tree to turn it into something,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,honor that tree's life and make it as beautiful
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as you possibly can.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My little boy reminded me
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that for all the technology and all the toys in the world,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes just the small block of wood,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you stack it up tall,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually is an incredibly inspiring thing.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are my buildings.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I build all around the world
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of our office in Vancouver and New York.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we build buildings of different sizes and styles
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and different materials, depending on where we are.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But wood is the material that I love the most,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm going to tell you the story about wood.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And part of the reason I love it is that every time
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people go into my buildings that are wood,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I notice they react completely differently.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've never seen anybody walk into one of my buildings
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and hug a steel or a concrete column,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I've actually seen that happen in a wood building.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've actually seen how people touch the wood,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think there's a reason for it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just like snowflakes, no two pieces of wood
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can ever be the same anywhere on earth.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a wonderful thing.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I like to think that wood
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gives Mother Nature fingerprints in our buildings.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's Mother Nature's fingerprints that make
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our buildings connect us to nature in the built environment.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I live in Vancouver, near a forest
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that grows to 33 storeys tall.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Down the coast here in California, the Redwood forest
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grows to 40 storeys tall.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the buildings that we think about in wood
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are only four storeys tall in most places on earth.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even building codes actually limit the ability for us to build
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much taller than four storeys in many places,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's true here in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now there are exceptions,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there needs to be some exceptions,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and things are going to change, I'm hoping,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the reason I think that way is that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,today half of us live in cities,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that number is going to grow to 75 percent.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cities in density mean that our buildings
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are going to continue to be big,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think there's a role for wood to play in cities.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I feel that way because three billion people
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the world today, over the next 20 years,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will need a home.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's 40 percent of the world that are going to need
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a new building built for them in the next 20 years.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, one in three people living in cities today
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually live in a slum.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's one billion people in the world live in slums.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A hundred million people in the world are homeless.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The scale of the challenge for architects
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for society to deal with in building
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to find a solution to house these people.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the challenge is, as we move to cities,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cities are built in these two materials,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,steel and concrete, and they're great materials.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're the materials of the last century.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they're also materials with very high energy
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and very high greenhouse gas emissions in their process.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Steel represents about three percent
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of man's greenhouse gas emissions,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and concrete is over five percent.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you think about that, eight percent
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of our contribution to greenhouse gases today
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comes from those two materials alone.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't think about it a lot, and unfortunately,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we actually don't even think about buildings, I think,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as much as we should.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a U.S. statistic about the impact of greenhouse gases.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost half of our greenhouse gases are related to the building industry,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if we look at energy, it's the same story.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll notice that transportation sort of second
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,down that list, but that's the conversation we mostly hear about.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And although a lot of that is about energy,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's also so much about carbon.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem I see is that, ultimately,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the clash of how we solve that problem
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of serving those three billion people that need a home
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and climate change are a head on collision
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about to happen, or already happening.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That challenge means that we have to start thinking in new ways,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think wood is going to be part of that solution,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm going to tell you the story of why.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As an architect, wood is the only material,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,big material that I can build with
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's already grown by the power of the sun.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When a tree grows in the forest and gives off oxygen
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and soaks up carbon dioxide,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it dies and it falls to the forest floor,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it gives that carbon dioxide back to the atmosphere or into the ground.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If it burns in a forest fire, it's going to give that carbon
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back to the atmosphere as well.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you take that wood and you put it into a building
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or into a piece of furniture or into that wooden toy,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it actually has an amazing capacity
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to store the carbon and provide us with the sequestration.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One cubic meter of wood will store
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one tonne of carbon dioxide.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now our two solutions to climate are obviously
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reduce our emissions and find storage.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wood is the only major material building material
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can build with that actually does both those two things.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I believe that we have
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an ethic that the earth grows our food,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we need to move to an ethic in this century
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the earth should grow our homes.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, how are we going to do that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we're urbanizing at this rate
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we think about wood buildings only at four stories?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to reduce the concrete and steel and we need
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to grow bigger and what we've been working on
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is 30-storey tall buildings made of wood.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've been engineering them with an engineer
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,named Eric Karsh who works with me on it,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we've been doing this new work because
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are new wood products out there for us to use,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we call them mass timber panels.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are panels made with young trees,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,small growth trees, small pieces of wood
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,glued together to make panels that are enormous:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eight feet wide, 64 feet long, and of various thicknesses.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The way I describe this best, I've found, is to say
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're all used to two-by-four construction
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we think about wood.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what people jump to as a conclusion.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two-by-four construction is sort of like the little
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eight-dot bricks of LEGO that we all played with as kids,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can make all kinds of cool things out of LEGO
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at that size, and out of two-by-fours.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But do remember when you were a kid,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you kind of sifted through the pile in your basement,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you found that big 24-dot brick of LEGO,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you were kind of like,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Cool, this is awesome, I can build something really big,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is going to be great."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the change.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mass timber panels are those 24-dot bricks.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're changing the scale of what we can do,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what we've developed is something we call FFTT,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a creative commons solution
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to building a very flexible system
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of building with these large panels where we tilt up
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,six stories at a time if we want to.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This animation shows you how the building goes together
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a very simple way, but these buildings are available
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for architects and engineers now to build on
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for different cultures in the world,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,different architectural styles and characters,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order for us to build safely,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we've engineered these buildings, actually,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to work in a Vancouver context,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we're a high seismic zone,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even at 30 stories tall.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now obviously, every time I bring this up,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people even, you know, here at the conference, say,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Are you serious? Thirty storeys? How's that going to happen?"
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's a lot of really good questions that are asked
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and important questions that we spent quite a long time
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,working on the answers to as we put together
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our report and the peer review report.