[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's something about caves.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A shadowy opening in a limestone cliff\Nthat draws you in.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you pass through the portal\Nbetween light and dark,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you enter a subterranean world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A place of perpetual gloom,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a place of earthy smells,\Nof hushed silence.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Long ago in Europe,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ancient people also entered\Nthese underground worlds.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As witness to their passage,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they left behind mysterious\Nengravings and paintings.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like this panel of humans, triangles\Nand zig-zags from Ojo Guareña in Spain.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You now walk the same path\Nas these early artists.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in this surreal, other-worldly place,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's almost possible to imagine
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you hear the muffled foot-fall\Nof skin boots on soft earth,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or you see flickering of a torch\Naround the next bend.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I'm in a cave,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I often find myself wondering,\Nwhat drove these people to go so deep?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to brave dangerous and narrow\Npassageways to leave their mark?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this video clip,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was shot half a kilometer,\Nor about a third of a mile underground,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the cave of Curon in Spain,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we found a series\Nof red paintings on a ceiling
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a previously unexplored\Nsection of the cave.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As we crawled forward, military-style,\Nwith the ceiling getting ever-lower,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we finally got to a point\Nwhere the ceiling was so low,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that my husband and project\Nphotographer, Dylan,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could no longer achieve focus\Non the ceiling with his DSLR camera.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So while he filmed me,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I kept following the trail of red paint\Nwith a single light,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a point-and-shoot camera\Nthat we kept for that type of occasion.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Half a kilometer underground.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Seriously.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What was somebody doing down there\Nwith a torturous stone lamp?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laugher)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean --me, it makes sense, right?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you know,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is the kind of question that\NI'm trying to answer with my research.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I study some of\Nthe oldest art in the world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was created by these\Nearly artists in Europe,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between 10 thousand\Nand 40 thousand years ago.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the thing is,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that I'm not just studying it\Nbecause it's beautiful,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,though some of it certainly is.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what I'm interested in\Nis the development of the modern mind,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the evolution of creativity,\Nof imagination, of abstract thought.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About what it means to be human.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While all species communicate\Nin one way or another,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only we humans have really taken it\Nto another level.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our desire and ability\Nto share and collaborate,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been a huge part of out success story.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our modern world is based on a global\Nnetwork of information exchange.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Made possible, in large part,\Nby our ability to communicate.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In particular, using graphic\Nor written forms of communication.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The thing is though,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we've been building\Non the mental achievements
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of those that came before us for so long,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it's easy to forget that certain\Nabilities haven't already existed.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's one of the things\NI find most fascinating
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about studying our deep history.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those people didn't have the shoulders\Nof any giants to stand on,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were the original shoulders.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And while a surprising number\Nof important inventions
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,come out of that distant time,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I want to talk to you about today\Nis the invention of graphic communication.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are three\Nmain types of communication,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spoken, gestural -- \Nso things like sign language,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and graphic communication.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spoken and gestural are,\Nby their very nature, ephemeral.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It requires close contact for a message\Nto be sent and received.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And after the moment of transmission,\Nit's gone forever.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Graphic communication, on the other hand,\Ndecouples that relationship,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with its invention, it became possible\Nfor the first time,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a message to be\Ntransmitted and preserved,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beyond a single moment in place and time.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Europe is one of the first places
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we start to see graphic marks\Nregularly appearing
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in caves, rock shelters, and even\Na few surviving open air sites.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is not the Europe we know today.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was a world dominated\Nby towering ice sheets
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by towering ice sheets, three to four\Nkilometers high,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with sweeping grass plains\Nand frozen tundra.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was the Ice Age.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over the last century,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than 350 Ice Age rock art sites\Nhave been found across the continent.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Decorated with animals, abstract shapes,\Nand even the occasion human.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like these engraved figures\Nfrom Grotta dell'Addaura in Sicily.