[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.45,0:00:01.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My passions
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.48,0:00:05.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are music, technology and making things.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.17,0:00:08.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's the combination of these things
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.35,0:00:11.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has led me to the hobby of sound visualization,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.05,0:00:15.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, on occasion, has led me to play with fire.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.13,0:00:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a Rubens' tube. It's one of many I've made over the years,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.50,0:00:19.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I have one here tonight.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.25,0:00:20.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about an 8-foot-long tube of metal,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.78,0:00:22.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's got a hundred or so holes on top,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.11,0:00:23.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on that side is the speaker, and here
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.86,0:00:26.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is some lab tubing, and it's connected to this tank
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.04,0:00:27.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of propane.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.09,0:00:32.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, let's fire it up and see what it does.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.89,0:00:39.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's play a 550-herz frequency
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.78,0:00:41.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and watch what happens.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.34,0:00:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Frequency)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.82,0:00:52.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you. (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.54,0:00:54.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's okay to applaud the laws of physics,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.53,0:00:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but essentially what's happening here
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.98,0:00:57.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- (Laughter) --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.74,0:01:01.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the energy from the sound via the air and gas molecules
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.75,0:01:04.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is influencing the combustion properties of propane,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.25,0:01:06.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,creating a visible waveform,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.16,0:01:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can see the alternating regions of compression
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.48,0:01:10.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and rarefaction that we call frequency,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.52,0:01:12.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the height is showing us amplitude.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.26,0:01:14.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's change the frequency of the sound,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.59,0:01:16.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and watch what happens to the fire.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.02,0:01:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Higher frequency)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.14,0:01:29.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So every time we hit a resonant frequency we get a standing wave
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.50,0:01:31.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that emergent sine curve of fire.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.20,0:01:32.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's turn that off. We're indoors.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.77,0:01:38.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you. (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.36,0:01:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also have with me a flame table.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.71,0:01:42.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very similar to a Rubens' tube, and it's also used
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.28,0:01:44.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for visualizing the physical properties of sound,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.40,0:01:46.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as eigenmodes, so let's fire it up
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.36,0:01:48.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and see what it does.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.29,0:01:56.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ooh. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.76,0:01:59.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay. Now, while the table comes up to pressure,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.73,0:02:01.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let me note here that the sound is not traveling
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.41,0:02:04.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in perfect lines. It's actually traveling in all directions,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.15,0:02:07.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Rubens' tube's a little like bisecting those waves
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.26,0:02:09.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a line, and the flame table's a little like
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.26,0:02:11.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bisecting those waves with a plane,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.11,0:02:15.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it can show a little more subtle complexity, which is why
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.11,0:02:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I like to use it to watch Geoff Farina play guitar.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.46,0:02:59.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.74,0:03:01.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All right, so it's a delicate dance.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.51,0:03:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you watch closely — (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.06,0:03:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you watch closely, you may have seen
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.82,0:03:09.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of the eigenmodes, but also you may have seen
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.29,0:03:13.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that jazz music is better with fire.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.91,0:03:15.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, a lot of things are better with fire in my world,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.92,0:03:18.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the fire's just a foundation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.35,0:03:19.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It shows very well that eyes can hear,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.50,0:03:20.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is interesting to me because
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.90,0:03:23.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technology allows us to present sound to the eyes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.75,0:03:26.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in ways that accentuate the strength of the eyes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.61,0:03:29.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for seeing sound, such as the removal of time.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.31,0:03:32.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here, I'm using a rendering algorithm to paint
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.69,0:03:35.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the frequencies of the song "Smells Like Teen Spirit"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.16,0:03:37.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a way that the eyes can take them in
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.20,0:03:39.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a single visual impression, and the technique
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.44,0:03:41.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will also show the strengths of the visual cortex
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.41,0:03:43.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for pattern recognition.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.03,0:03:44.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if I show you another song off this album,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.91,0:03:48.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and another, your eyes will easily pick out
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.39,0:03:51.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the use of repetition by the band Nirvana,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.32,0:03:53.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the frequency distribution, the colors,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.18,0:03:56.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can see the clean-dirty-clean sound
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.22,0:03:57.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they are famous for,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.43,0:04:01.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and here is the entire album as a single visual impression,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.43,0:04:03.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think this impression is pretty powerful.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.31,0:04:05.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At least, it's powerful enough that
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.02,0:04:06.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if I show you these four songs,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.37,0:04:08.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I remind you that this is "Smells Like Teen Spirit,"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.81,0:04:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can probably correctly guess, without listening
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.13,0:04:12.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to any music at all, that the song
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.56,0:04:14.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a die hard Nirvana fan would enjoy is this song,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.85,0:04:17.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I'll Stick Around" by the Foo Fighters,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.11,0:04:19.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose lead singer is Dave Grohl,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.11,0:04:22.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was the drummer in Nirvana.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.89,0:04:24.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The songs are a little similar, but mostly
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.19,0:04:25.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm just interested in the idea that someday maybe
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.81,0:04:30.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll buy a song because we like the way it looks.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.23,0:04:31.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All right, now for some more sound data.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.33,0:04:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is data from a skate park,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.98,0:04:36.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is Mabel Davis skate park
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.01,0:04:38.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Austin, Texas. (Skateboard sounds)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.15,0:04:39.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the sounds you're hearing came from eight
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.53,0:04:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,microphones attached to obstacles around the park,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.74,0:04:43.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it sounds like chaos, but actually
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.93,0:04:47.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the tricks start with a very distinct slap,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.27,0:04:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but successful tricks end with a pop,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.88,0:04:50.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereas unsuccessful tricks
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.67,0:04:52.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more of a scratch and a tumble,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.53,0:04:56.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and tricks on the rail will ring out like a gong, and
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.54,0:04:59.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,voices occupy very unique frequencies in the skate park.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.33,0:05:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if we were to render these sounds visually,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.26,0:05:02.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we might end up with something like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.67,0:05:05.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is all 40 minutes of the recording,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.13,0:05:07.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and right away the algorithm tells us
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.29,0:05:09.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot more tricks are missed than are made,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.36,0:05:11.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also a trick on the rails is a lot more likely
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.70,0:05:14.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to produce a cheer, and if you look really closely,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.57,0:05:16.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can tease out traffic patterns.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.30,0:05:22.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see the skaters often trick in this direction. The obstacles are easier.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.39,0:05:24.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the middle of the recording, the mics pick this up,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.09,0:05:26.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but later in the recording, this kid shows up,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.90,0:05:29.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he starts using a line at the top of the park
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.82,0:05:31.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do some very advanced tricks on something
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.63,0:05:32.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called the tall rail.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.73,0:05:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's fascinating. At this moment in time,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.60,0:05:38.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the rest of the skaters turn their lines 90 degrees
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.10,0:05:39.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to stay out of his way.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.88,0:05:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see, there's a subtle etiquette in the skate park,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.42,0:05:44.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's led by key influencers,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.02,0:05:47.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they tend to be the kids who can do the best tricks,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.27,0:05:49.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or wear red pants, and on this day the mics picked that up.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.70,0:05:53.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All right, from skate physics to theoretical physics.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.60,0:05:55.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm a big fan of Stephen Hawking,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.22,0:05:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I wanted to use all eight hours
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.56,0:05:59.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of his Cambridge lecture series to create an homage.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.14,0:06:02.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, in this series he's speaking with the aid of a computer,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.21,0:06:05.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which actually makes identifying the ends of sentences
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.31,0:06:08.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fairly easy. So I wrote a steering algorithm.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.74,0:06:10.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It listens to the lecture, and then it uses
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.70,0:06:13.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the amplitude of each word to move a point on the x-axis,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.38,0:06:16.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it uses the inflection of sentences
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.02,0:06:18.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to move a same point up and down on the y-axis.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.17,0:06:20.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these trend lines, you can see, there's more questions
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.94,0:06:22.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than answers in the laws of physics,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.82,0:06:24.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when we reach the end of a sentence,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.85,0:06:27.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we place a star at that location.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.18,0:06:29.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's a lot of sentences, so a lot of stars,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.98,0:06:32.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and after rendering all of the audio, this is what we get.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.34,0:06:35.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Stephen Hawking's universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.27,0:06:42.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.20,0:06:44.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's all eight hours of the Cambridge lecture series
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.69,0:06:46.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taken in as a single visual impression,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.54,0:06:48.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I really like this image,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.30,0:06:50.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but a lot of people think it's fake.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.10,0:06:52.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I made a more interactive version,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.45,0:06:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the way I did that is I used their position in time
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.90,0:07:00.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the lecture to place these stars into 3D space,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.27,0:07:02.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with some custom software and a Kinect,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.67,0:07:05.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can walk right into the lecture.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.34,0:07:07.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to wave through the Kinect here
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.14,0:07:08.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and take control, and now I'm going to reach out
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.97,0:07:12.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm going to touch a star, and when I do,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.21,0:07:14.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will play the sentence
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.15,0:07:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that generated that star.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.62,0:07:19.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stephen Hawking: There is one, and only one, arrangement
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.43,0:07:22.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which the pieces make a complete picture.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.23,0:07:26.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jared Ficklin: Thank you. (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.38,0:07:29.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are 1,400 stars.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.55,0:07:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a really fun way to explore the lecture,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.22,0:07:32.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, I hope, a fitting homage.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.68,0:07:38.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All right. Let me close with a work in progress.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.16,0:07:41.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think, after 30 years, the opportunity exists
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.14,0:07:43.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to create an enhanced version of closed captioning.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.24,0:07:45.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, we've all seen a lot of TEDTalks online,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.36,0:07:48.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so let's watch one now with the sound turned off
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.29,0:07:52.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the closed captioning turned on.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.21,0:07:54.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no closed captioning for the TED theme song,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.36,0:07:56.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're missing it, but if you've watched enough of these,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.47,0:07:57.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you hear it in your mind's ear,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.84,0:08:00.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then applause starts.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.82,0:08:03.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It usually begins here, and it grows and then it falls.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.01,0:08:04.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes you get a little star applause,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.99,0:08:07.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then I think even Bill Gates takes a nervous breath,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.47,0:08:09.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the talk begins.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.16,0:08:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All right, so let's watch this clip again.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.86,0:08:16.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This time, I'm not going to talk at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.12,0:08:17.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's still going to be no audio,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.48,0:08:19.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what I am going to do is I'm going to render the sound
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.39,0:08:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,visually in real time at the bottom of the screen.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.70,0:08:26.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So watch closely and see what your eyes can hear.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.88,0:08:49.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is fairly amazing to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.76,0:08:53.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even on the first view, your eyes will successfully
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.09,0:08:56.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pick out patterns, but on repeated views,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.18,0:08:57.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your brain actually gets better
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.87,0:08:59.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at turning these patterns into information.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.53,0:09:01.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can get the tone and the timbre
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.12,0:09:02.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the pace of the speech,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.34,0:09:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things that you can't get out of closed captioning.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.40,0:09:06.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That famous scene in horror movies
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.59,0:09:09.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where someone is walking up from behind
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.24,0:09:11.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is something you can see,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.20,0:09:13.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I believe this information would be something
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.90,0:09:16.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is useful at times when the audio is turned off
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.70,0:09:19.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or not heard at all, and I speculate that deaf audiences
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.64,0:09:20.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might actually even be better
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.82,0:09:22.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at seeing sound than hearing audiences.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.60,0:09:24.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know. It's a theory right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.10,0:09:25.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, it's all just an idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.62,0:09:29.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And let me end by saying that sound moves in all directions,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.81,0:09:31.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so do ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.79,0:09:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you. (Applause)