[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.68,0:00:29.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Good evening, everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.61,0:00:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our societies are changing,\Nthey change all the time, constantly.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.84,0:00:44.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can - we might - agree on the fact
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.51,0:00:51.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the innovator is the most important\Nperson for change in our societies.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.74,0:00:57.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't agree, and I will tell you why.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.05,0:01:00.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But first, I will talk to you\Nabout my region.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.59,0:01:05.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Auvergne.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.26,0:01:11.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Auvergne too, and so is this.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.96,0:01:14.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are local dwellers in Auvergne,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.89,0:01:18.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is the Puy de Dôme.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.05,0:01:23.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the foot of Puy de Dôme\Nlies a small town, Clermont-Ferrand.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.59,0:01:27.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is into this small town\Nthat I'm taking you, in 1889.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.68,0:01:35.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1889, the Michelin brothers\Nstarted a business,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.31,0:01:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Michelin&Cie, not a very original name.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.00,0:01:44.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They based it on an innovation\Ndeveloped by an English man, Dunlop,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.06,0:01:48.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who discovered\Nthe vulcanization of rubber.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.07,0:01:54.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And from this innovation\N- that was not their own -
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.92,0:02:01.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were to develop tires,\Nfirst for bicycles, then for cars,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.23,0:02:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then truck tires,\Nairplane tires, etc., etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.72,0:02:12.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as years went by,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.02,0:02:16.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the beginning of the 20th century,\Nwhen cars appear,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.61,0:02:21.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had a brilliant idea:\Nput tires on car wheels.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.20,0:02:23.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It changes everything!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.31,0:02:25.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That changes everything\Nin terms of comfort,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.41,0:02:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it changes everything in terms of safety,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.07,0:02:32.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and changes everything\Nin terms of axletree breakage, etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.31,0:02:36.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So basically, their future was bright,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.07,0:02:41.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those two entrepreneurs living\Nin the small town of Clermont-Ferrand.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.94,0:02:45.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well no! Well no! Why, then?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.71,0:02:47.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because at the beginning\Nof the 20th century,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.81,0:02:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you have a car,\Nyou basically don't use it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.63,0:02:58.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You are very happy and proud,\Nyou drive a little, but not a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.42,0:03:01.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since you don't drive a lot,\Nyou don't wear your tires out,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.19,0:03:05.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so there is no market for tires.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.53,0:03:10.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the small company in Clermont-Ferrand\Nremained a small company.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.64,0:03:18.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then the Michelin brothers understood
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.14,0:03:20.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that to sell tires,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.93,0:03:25.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had to convince the people\Nwho had bought a car
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.36,0:03:27.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to use it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.85,0:03:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It will begin with the road map.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.41,0:03:37.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the first time\Na non-military map is made.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.77,0:03:41.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It explains how to go\Nfrom Strasbourg to Orleans,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.11,0:03:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it is not enough,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.60,0:03:47.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because, from Strasbourg to Orleans
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.94,0:03:51.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if you start realizing\Nthe way you are going to take,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.77,0:03:54.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why would you go?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.97,0:04:00.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they will make an inventory\Nof every natural or man-made wonder
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.91,0:04:06.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can see in France, and later in Europe\Nand in the world, it's the Green Guide!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.61,0:04:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the green guide\Nthat will take people
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.87,0:04:14.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Mont Saint-Michel,\Nto Arcachon Bay.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.68,0:04:21.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fine, you have the road to take you there\Nyou know why you're going there,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.56,0:04:26.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there is another problem:\Nwhat are you going to do on the long way?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.38,0:04:31.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to stop to eat, to sleep,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.74,0:04:33.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is the red guide!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.84,0:04:37.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The red guide that indicates\Nthe restaurants and hotels, etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.34,0:04:42.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the last thing they will do,\Nperhaps the most surprising of all,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.09,0:04:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they will install every kilometer,\Non the main roads of France,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.74,0:04:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a kilometer marker that indicates\Nthe distance, the direction,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.70,0:04:56.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the name of the nearest village.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.39,0:05:03.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two small entrepreneurs in Auvergne,\Nlost, out there,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.63,0:05:07.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will install kilometer marks\Nthroughout France,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.14,0:05:13.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that you, who, at the beginning\Nof the 20th century, have bought a car,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.06,0:05:18.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get to wear out your tires to go and see\Nthe Mont Saint-Michel bay,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.28,0:05:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that you eat and sleep on the way\Notherwise you don't go on the road.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.70,0:05:27.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this poses a question:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.35,0:05:33.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this impasse in which innovation lies,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.45,0:05:38.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this impasse\Nthat the Michelin brothers solved,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.89,0:05:43.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well, it requires a special mindset,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.88,0:05:49.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we are going to use\Nthe Melcion matrix to describe it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.68,0:05:51.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine two axes:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.43,0:05:56.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a horizontal axis,\Nwhich is the axis of autonomy,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.68,0:06:00.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,freedom and the control\Nof one's own destiny.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.77,0:06:03.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On this axis, entrepreneurs\Nare all at the top,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.71,0:06:06.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with all the freelancers,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.17,0:06:10.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the people who want\Nto work only for themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.95,0:06:17.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The axis of autonomy, freedom,\Nthe control of their destiny.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.75,0:06:23.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine now a vertical axis, it is\Nthe axis of the desire for achievement,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.41,0:06:27.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the axis of achievement in the US way,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.49,0:06:32.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the permanent need\Nto advance one's plans
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.31,0:06:35.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one after another, after another,\Nafter another and another.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.62,0:06:38.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Entrepreneurs are all\Nat the top of the second axis too,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.16,0:06:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along with managers.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.67,0:06:45.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Except that, you understand, when you are\Nat the very top of the horizontal axis,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.45,0:06:48.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at the very top of the vertical axis,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.67,0:06:52.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you are at the top right\Nof the Melcion matrix.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.41,0:06:57.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here you have two unfulfilled needs:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.05,0:07:03.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first is to continue to find\Nsolutions, again and again.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.67,0:07:06.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is to transfer
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.53,0:07:11.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,innovation into practice.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.47,0:07:15.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so this desire\Nfor freedom, for autonomy,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.65,0:07:18.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this allows entrepreneurs
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.71,0:07:24.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have the ideas\Nof a transgressive business model,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.27,0:07:26.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because, let's not kid ourselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.13,0:07:31.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no one paid for the kilometer marks\Nnor the printing of the road maps,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.50,0:07:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the selection of the various sites\Nto visit in France,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.48,0:07:39.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nor the list of hotels and restaurants,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.98,0:07:43.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no one, except the entrepreneurs,\Nwho paid out of their pockets.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.45,0:07:49.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And once they had done this,\Nwhat happened?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.20,0:07:55.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the market exploded\Nin France, in Europe, in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.33,0:07:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, Michelin is a business\Noperating in 170 countries
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.29,0:08:02.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with 110,000 employees.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.20,0:08:07.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not bad for two little Auvergne guys\Nwho started at the foot of Puy de Dôme
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.57,0:08:09.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or rather for their descendants!
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.55,0:08:15.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea I wanted to give you today,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.16,0:08:19.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the innovator has\Na very important role in our society.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.30,0:08:24.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But those who put\Ninnovation into practice,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.32,0:08:28.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those who build business models
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.35,0:08:32.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that allow to create businesses\Non the basis of innovation,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.15,0:08:37.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these are the entrepreneurs.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.15,0:08:41.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so entrepreneurs\Nhave a responsibility.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.00,0:08:44.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have a responsibility.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.90,0:08:51.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The evolution of our societies,\Nthe changes in our societies,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.38,0:08:54.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rest on you, the entrepreneurs!
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.18,0:08:57.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Good luck to you!
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.73,0:09:00.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)