[Script Info]
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[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.63,0:00:09.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea of human rights \Nis that each one of us,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.65,0:00:12.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no matter who we are \Nor where we are born,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.34,0:00:16.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is entitled to the same \Nbasic rights and freedoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.53,0:00:18.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Human rights are not privileges,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.35,0:00:21.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they cannot be granted or revoked.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.24,0:00:24.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are inalienable and universal.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.79,0:00:26.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That may sound straighforward enough,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.99,0:00:29.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it gets incredibly complicated
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.08,0:00:32.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as soon as anyone tries \Nto put the idea into practice.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.93,0:00:35.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What exactly are the basic human rights?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.47,0:00:36.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who gets to pick them?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.95,0:00:39.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who enforces them, and how?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.74,0:00:43.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The history behind \Nthe concept of human rights is a long one.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.46,0:00:46.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Throughout the centuries and across\Nsocieties, religions, and cultures
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.97,0:00:52.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have struggled with defining notions\Nof rightfulness, justice, and rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.23,0:00:55.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But one of the most modern affirmations\Nof universal human rights
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.31,0:01:00.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,emerged from the ruins of World War II\Nwith the creation of the United Nations.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.49,0:01:03.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The treaty that established the UN\Ngives as one of its purposes
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.60,0:01:08.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reaffirm faith in \Nfundamental human rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.38,0:01:09.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And with the same spirit,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.60,0:01:16.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 1948, the UN General Assembly adopted\Nthe Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.03,0:01:20.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This document, written by an international\Ncommittee chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.42,0:01:24.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lays the basis for modern \Ninternational human rights law.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.05,0:01:26.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The declaration is based on the principle
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.05,0:01:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that all human beings are born\Nfree and equal in dignity and rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.60,0:01:35.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It lists 30 articles recognizing,\Namong other things,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.65,0:01:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the principle of nondiscrimination\Nand the right to life and liberty.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.92,0:01:44.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It refers to negative freedoms,\Nlike the freedom from torture or slavery,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.18,0:01:45.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as positive freedoms,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.73,0:01:49.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as the freedom \Nof movement and residence.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.01,0:01:51.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It encompasses basic civil\Nand political rights,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.96,0:01:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as freedom of expression, religion,\Nor peaceful assembly,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.98,0:01:59.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as social, economic,\Nand cultural rights,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.03,0:02:00.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as the right to education
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.90,0:02:03.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the right to freely \Nchoose one's occupation
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.43,0:02:06.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and be paid and treated fairly.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.26,0:02:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The declaration takes no sides\Nas to which rights are more important,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.14,0:02:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,insisting on their universality,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.88,0:02:13.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,indivisibility,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.45,0:02:15.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and interdependence.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.28,0:02:19.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the past decades,\Ninternational human rights law has grown,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.11,0:02:22.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deepening and expanding our understanding\Nof what human rights are,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.35,0:02:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how to better protect them.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.08,0:02:27.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if these principles \Nare so well-developed,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.26,0:02:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then why are human rights abused\Nand ignored time and time again
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.72,0:02:34.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all over the world?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.59,0:02:38.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem in general\Nis that it is not at all easy
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.47,0:02:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to universally enforce these rights\Nor to punish transgressors.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.74,0:02:46.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The UDHR itself, despite being\Nhighly authoritative and respected,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.82,0:02:49.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a declaration, not a hard law.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.70,0:02:51.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when individual countries violate it,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.70,0:02:55.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the mechanisms to address \Nthose violations are weak.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.84,0:03:00.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, the main bodies within the UN\Nin charge of protecting human rights
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.47,0:03:03.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mostly monitor and investigate violations,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.44,0:03:10.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they cannot force states to, say,\Nchange a policy or compensate a victim.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.16,0:03:13.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why some critics say it's naive\Nto consider human rights a given
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.73,0:03:18.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a world where state interests \Nwield so much power.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.21,0:03:21.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Critics also question the universality\Nof human rights
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.14,0:03:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and emphasize that their development
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.04,0:03:27.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been heavily guided by a small number\Nof mostly Western nations
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.69,0:03:30.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the detriment of inclusiveness.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.16,0:03:31.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The result?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.48,0:03:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A general bias in favor \Nof civil policital liberties
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.98,0:03:36.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over sociopolitical rights
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.46,0:03:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of individual \Nover collective or groups rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.79,0:03:43.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Others defend universal human rights laws
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.16,0:03:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and point at the positive role they have\Non setting international standards
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.14,0:03:50.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and helping activists in their campaigns.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.45,0:03:51.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also point out
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.42,0:03:55.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that not all international \Nhuman rights instruments are powerless.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.23,0:03:59.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, the European Convention\Non Human Rights establishes a court
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.22,0:04:03.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the 47 member countries\Nand their citizens can bring cases.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.45,0:04:08.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The court issues binding decisions\Nthat each member state must comply with.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.97,0:04:11.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Human rights law is constantly evolving
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.22,0:04:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as are our views and definitions of what\Nthe basic human rights should be.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.04,0:04:19.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, how basic or important\Nis the right to democracy
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.57,0:04:21.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or to development?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.71,0:04:23.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as our lives are increasingly digital,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.75,0:04:26.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should there be a right \Nto access the Internet?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.86,0:04:28.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A right to digital privacy?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.93,0:04:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do you think?