[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.54,0:00:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'll be talking about the success of my campus,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.60,0:00:07.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, UMBC,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.35,0:00:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in educating students of all types,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.54,0:00:14.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,across the arts and humanities and the science and engineering areas.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.67,0:00:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What makes our story especially important
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.74,0:00:23.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we have learned so much from a group of students
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.95,0:00:27.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are typically not at the top of the academic ladder --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.30,0:00:31.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,students of color, students underrepresented in selected areas.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.30,0:00:34.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what makes the story especially unique
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.15,0:00:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we have learned how to help African-American students, Latino students,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.98,0:00:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,students from low-income backgrounds,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.79,0:00:44.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to become some of the best in the world in science and engineering.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.24,0:00:47.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I begin with a story about my childhood.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.71,0:00:50.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all are products of our childhood experiences.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.79,0:00:54.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's hard for me to believe that it's been 50 years
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.96,0:01:00.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since I had the experience of being a ninth grade kid in Birmingham, Alabama,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.87,0:01:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a kid who loved getting A's,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.04,0:01:05.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a kid who loved math, who loved to read,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.72,0:01:08.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a kid who would say to the teacher --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.45,0:01:11.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the teacher said, "Here are 10 problems," to the class,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.71,0:01:15.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this little fat kid would say, "Give us 10 more."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.79,0:01:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the whole class would say, "Shut up, Freeman."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.10,0:01:22.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there was a designated kicker every day.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.72,0:01:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I was always asking this question:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.60,0:01:30.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well how could we get more kids to really love to learn?"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.55,0:01:33.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And amazingly, one week in church,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.67,0:01:35.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I really didn't want to be there
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.75,0:01:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I was in the back of the room being placated by doing math problems,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.86,0:01:43.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I heard this man say this:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.29,0:01:45.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If we can get the children
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.77,0:01:51.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to participate in this peaceful demonstration here in Birmingham,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.77,0:01:57.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can show America that even children know the difference between right and wrong
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.17,0:02:01.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that children really do want to get the best possible education."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.90,0:02:03.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I looked up and said, "Who is that man?"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.62,0:02:06.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they said his name was Dr. Martin Luther King.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.75,0:02:08.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I said to my parents, "I've got to go.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.68,0:02:10.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to go. I want to be a part of this."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.25,0:02:12.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they said, "Absolutely not."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.12,0:02:13.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.34,0:02:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we had a rough go of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.26,0:02:18.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And at that time, quite frankly, you really did not talk back to your parents.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.71,0:02:20.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And somehow I said, "You know, you guys are hypocrites.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.100,0:02:22.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You make me go to this. You make me listen.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.97,0:02:25.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The man wants me to go, and now you say no."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.21,0:02:26.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they thought about it all night.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.95,0:02:29.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they came into my room the next morning.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.09,0:02:30.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had not slept.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.59,0:02:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had been literally crying and praying and thinking,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.10,0:02:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Will we let our 12-year-old
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.66,0:02:40.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,participate in this march and probably have to go to jail?"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.82,0:02:42.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they decided to do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.50,0:02:43.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when they came in to tell me,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.89,0:02:45.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was at first elated.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.67,0:02:49.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then all of a sudden I began thinking about the dogs and the fire hoses,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.60,0:02:52.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I got really scared, I really did.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.49,0:02:54.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the points I make to people all the time
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.59,0:02:57.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that sometimes when people do things that are courageous,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.82,0:03:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it doesn't really mean that they're that courageous.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.17,0:03:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It simply means that they believe it's important to do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.02,0:03:04.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted a better education.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.77,0:03:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I did not want to have to have hand-me-down books.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.00,0:03:10.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to know that the school I attended
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.49,0:03:12.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only had good teachers, but the resources we needed.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.91,0:03:14.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as a result of that experience,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.59,0:03:16.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the middle of the week, while I was there in jail,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.92,0:03:19.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. King came and said with our parents,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.47,0:03:22.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What you children do this day
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.44,0:03:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will have an impact on children who have not been born."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.02,0:03:31.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I recently realized that two-thirds of Americans today
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.96,0:03:35.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had not been born at the time of 1963.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.47,0:03:38.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so for them, when they hear about the Children's Crusade in Birmingham,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.41,0:03:40.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in many ways, if they see it on TV,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.67,0:03:44.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's like our looking at the 1863 "Lincoln" movie:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.09,0:03:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's history.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.52,0:03:48.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the real question is, what lessons did we learn?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.49,0:03:51.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well amazingly, the most important for me was this:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.39,0:03:56.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That children can be empowered to take ownership of their education.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.69,0:03:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can be taught to be passionate
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.04,0:04:03.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about wanting to learn and to love the idea of asking questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.58,0:04:06.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so it is especially significant
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.37,0:04:08.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the university I now lead,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.46,0:04:11.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, UMBC,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.25,0:04:17.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was founded the very year I went to jail with Dr. King, in 1963.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.04,0:04:21.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what made that institutional founding especially important
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.21,0:04:25.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that Maryland is the South, as you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.74,0:04:30.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, quite frankly, it was the first university in our state
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.33,0:04:34.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,founded at a time when students of all races could go there.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.40,0:04:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so we had black and white students and others who began to attend.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.98,0:04:42.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it has been for 50 years an experiment.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.16,0:04:43.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The experiment is this:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.86,0:04:47.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it possible to have institutions in our country, universities,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.82,0:04:50.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where people from all backgrounds can come and learn
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.76,0:04:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and learn to work together and learn to become leaders
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.34,0:04:57.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to support each other in that experience?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.91,0:05:02.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now what is especially important about that experience for me is this:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.83,0:05:07.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We found that we could do a lot in the arts and humanities and social sciences.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.50,0:05:10.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so we began to work on that, for years in the '60s.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.05,0:05:13.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we produced a number of people in law, all the way to the humanities.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.83,0:05:16.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We produced great artists. Beckett is our muse.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.47,0:05:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of our students get into theater.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.00,0:05:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's great work.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.00,0:05:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem that we faced was the same problem America continues to face --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.04,0:05:24.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that students in the sciences and engineering,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.88,0:05:26.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,black students were not succeeding.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.99,0:05:28.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when I looked at the data,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.74,0:05:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I found was that, quite frankly, students in general,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.08,0:05:33.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,large numbers were not making it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.70,0:05:35.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as a result of that,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.62,0:05:38.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we decided to do something that would help, first of all,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.95,0:05:43.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the group at the bottom, African-American students, and then Hispanic students.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.17,0:05:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Robert and Jane Meyerhoff, philanthropists, said, "We'd like to help."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.50,0:05:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Robert Meyerhoff said, "Why is it that everything I see on TV about black boys,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.95,0:05:53.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it's not about basketball, is not positive?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.75,0:05:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like to make a difference, to do something that's positive."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.38,0:06:00.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We married those ideas, and we created this Meyerhoff Scholars program.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.05,0:06:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what is significant about the program
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.12,0:06:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we learned a number of things.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.60,0:06:05.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the question is this:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.95,0:06:10.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How is it that now we lead the country in producing African-Americans
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.42,0:06:15.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who go on to complete Ph.D.'s in science and engineering and M.D./Ph.D.'s?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.27,0:06:17.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a big deal. Give me a hand for that. That's a big deal.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.92,0:06:20.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a big deal. It really is.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.15,0:06:22.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.73,0:06:24.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see, most people don't realize
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.67,0:06:28.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it's not just minorities who don't do well in science and engineering.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.72,0:06:32.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Quite frankly, you're talking about Americans.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.34,0:06:35.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you don't know it, while 20 percent of blacks and Hispanics
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.79,0:06:38.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who begin with a major in science and engineering
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.12,0:06:40.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will actually graduate in science and engineering,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.27,0:06:43.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only 32 percent of whites who begin with majors in those areas
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.83,0:06:46.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually succeed and graduate in those areas,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.48,0:06:48.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and only 42 percent of Asian-Americans.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.59,0:06:51.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, the real question is, what is the challenge?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.20,0:06:53.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well a part of it, of course, is K-12.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.59,0:06:55.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to strengthen K-12.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.54,0:06:57.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the other part has to do with the culture
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.83,0:07:00.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of science and engineering on our campuses.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.49,0:07:04.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whether you know it or not, large numbers of students with high SAT's
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.34,0:07:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and large numbers of A.P. credits
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.80,0:07:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who go to the most prestigious universities in our country
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.50,0:07:13.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,begin in pre-med or pre-engineering and engineering, and they end up changing their majors.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.34,0:07:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the number one reason, we find, quite frankly,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.80,0:07:18.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is they did not do well in first year science courses.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.75,0:07:22.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, we call first year science and engineering, typically around America,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.54,0:07:24.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,weed-out courses or barrier courses.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.67,0:07:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many of you in this audience know somebody
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.44,0:07:28.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who started off in pre-med or engineering
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.25,0:07:30.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and changed their major within a year or two?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.14,0:07:31.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an American challenge. Half of you in the room.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.94,0:07:33.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know. I know. I know.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.34,0:07:34.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what is interesting about that
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.99,0:07:37.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that so many students are smart and can do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.70,0:07:39.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to find ways of making it happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.97,0:07:42.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what are the four things we did to help minority students
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.58,0:07:44.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that now are helping students in general?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.39,0:07:46.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Number one: high expectations.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.25,0:07:50.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It takes an understanding of the academic preparation of students --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.76,0:07:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their grades, the rigor of the course work,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.10,0:07:55.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their test-taking skills, their attitude,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.55,0:07:58.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the fire in their belly, the passion for the work, to make it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.28,0:08:02.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so doing things to help students prepare to be in that position, very important.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.52,0:08:07.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But equally important, it takes an understanding that it's hard work that makes the difference.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.62,0:08:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't care how smart you are or how smart you think you are.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.14,0:08:12.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Smart simply means you're ready to learn.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.50,0:08:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're excited about learning and you want to ask good questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.74,0:08:20.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I. I. Rabi, a Nobel laureate, said that when he was growing up in New York,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.03,0:08:22.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of his friends' parents would ask them
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.58,0:08:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What did you learn in school?" at the end of a day.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.22,0:08:28.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he said, in contrast, his Jewish mother would say,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.76,0:08:31.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Izzy, did you ask a good question today?"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.82,0:08:34.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so high expectations have to do with curiosity
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.52,0:08:37.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and encouraging young people to be curious.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.04,0:08:38.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as a result of those high expectations,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.55,0:08:41.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we began to find students we wanted to work with
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.22,0:08:42.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see what could we do to help them,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.91,0:08:45.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not simply to survive in science and engineering,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.45,0:08:48.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to become the very best, to excel.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.39,0:08:50.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Interestingly enough, an example:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.20,0:08:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One young man who earned a C in the first course and wanted to go on to med school,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.10,0:08:57.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we said, "We need to have you retake the course,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.22,0:09:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you need a strong foundation if you're going to move to the next level."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.00,0:09:04.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every foundation makes the difference in the next level.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.04,0:09:05.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He retook the course.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.18,0:09:07.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That young man went on to graduate from UMBC,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.60,0:09:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to become the first black to get the M.D./Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.80,0:09:13.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He now works at Harvard.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.01,0:09:15.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nice story. Give him a hand for that too.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.46,0:09:17.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.89,0:09:20.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Secondly, it's not about test scores only.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.38,0:09:22.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Test scores are important, but they're not the most important thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.37,0:09:25.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One young woman had great grades, but test scores were not as high.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.42,0:09:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But she had a factor that was very important.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.46,0:09:30.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She never missed a day of school, K-12.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.71,0:09:32.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was fire in that belly.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.13,0:09:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That young woman went on, and she is today with an M.D./Ph.D. from Hopkins.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.26,0:09:40.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's on the faculty, tenure track in psychiatry, Ph.D. in neuroscience.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.48,0:09:45.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She and her adviser have a patent on a second use of Viagra for diabetes patients.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.29,0:09:47.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Big hand for her. Big hand for her.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.77,0:09:49.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.16,0:09:51.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so high expectations, very important.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.68,0:09:54.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Secondly, the idea of building community among the students.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.54,0:09:57.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You all know that so often in science and engineering
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.30,0:09:58.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we tend to think cutthroat.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.99,0:10:01.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Students are not taught to work in groups.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.31,0:10:03.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's what we work to do with that group
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.20,0:10:04.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get them to understand each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.70,0:10:07.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to build trust among them, to support each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.33,0:10:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to learn how to ask good questions,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.04,0:10:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also to learn how to explain concepts with clarity.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.52,0:10:14.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you know, it's one thing to earn an A yourself,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.79,0:10:16.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's another thing to help someone else do well.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.91,0:10:20.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so to feel that sense of responsibility makes all the difference in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.83,0:10:23.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So building community among those students, very important.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.77,0:10:28.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Third, the idea of, it takes researchers to produce researchers.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.58,0:10:31.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whether you're talking about artists producing artists
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.11,0:10:34.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or you're talking about people getting into the social sciences,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.02,0:10:38.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whatever the discipline -- and especially in science and engineering, as in art, for example --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.87,0:10:41.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you need scientists to pull the students into the work.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.67,0:10:44.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so our students are working in labs regularly.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.41,0:10:46.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one great example that you'll appreciate:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.79,0:10:49.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During a snowstorm in Baltimore several years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.85,0:10:53.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the guy on our campus with this Howard Hughes Medical Institute grant
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.47,0:10:57.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,literally came back to work in his lab after several days,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.89,0:11:01.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all these students had refused to leave the lab.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.18,0:11:03.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had food they had packed out.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.27,0:11:04.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were in the lab working,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.58,0:11:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they saw the work, not as schoolwork, but as their lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.58,0:11:10.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They knew they were working on AIDS research.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.50,0:11:13.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were looking at this amazing protein design.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.70,0:11:18.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what was interesting was each one of them focused on that work.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.04,0:11:20.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he said, "It doesn't get any better than that."
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.20,0:11:22.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then finally, if you've got the community
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.29,0:11:25.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you've got the high expectations and you've got researchers producing researchers,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.90,0:11:28.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to have people who are willing as faculty
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.79,0:11:31.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get involved with those students, even in the classroom.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.85,0:11:34.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll never forget a faculty member calling the staff and saying,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.30,0:11:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I've got this young man in class, a young black guy,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.74,0:11:39.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he seems like he's just not excited about the work.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.78,0:11:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's not taking notes. We need to talk to him."
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.02,0:11:45.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What was significant was that the faculty member was observing every student
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.89,0:11:48.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to understand who was really involved and who was not
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.81,0:11:51.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was saying, "Let me see how I can work with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.17,0:11:52.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me get the staff to help me out."
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.41,0:11:53.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was that connecting.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.56,0:11:58.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That young man today is actually a faculty member M.D./Ph.D. in neuroengineering at Duke.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.50,0:11:59.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Give him a big hand for that.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.71,0:12:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.70,0:12:06.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so the significance is that we have now developed this model
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.52,0:12:10.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is helping us, not only finally with evaluation, assessing what works.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.69,0:12:14.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what we learned was that we needed to think about redesigning courses.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.12,0:12:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so we redesigned chemistry, we redesigned physics.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.66,0:12:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now we are looking at redesigning the humanities and social sciences.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.32,0:12:22.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because so many students are bored in class.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.87,0:12:24.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you know that?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.05,0:12:25.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many students, K-12 and in universities,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.100,0:12:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't want to just sit there and listen to somebody talk.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.50,0:12:29.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They need to be engaged.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.87,0:12:33.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so we have done -- if you look at our website at the Chemistry Discovery Center,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.32,0:12:35.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll see people coming from all over the country
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.28,0:12:37.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to look at how we are redesigning courses,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.86,0:12:41.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having an emphasis on collaboration, use of technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.36,0:12:44.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using problems out of our biotech companies on our campus,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.58,0:12:46.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not giving students the theories,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.62,0:12:48.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but having them struggle with those theories.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.85,0:12:52.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's working so well that throughout our university system in Maryland,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.51,0:12:54.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more and more courses are being redesigned.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.55,0:12:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's called academic innovation.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.38,0:12:57.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what does all of that mean?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.59,0:13:00.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means that now, not just in science and engineering,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.43,0:13:04.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we now have programs in the arts, in the humanities, in the social sciences,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.54,0:13:09.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in teacher education, even particularly for women in I.T.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.13,0:13:13.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you don't know it, there's been a 79-percent decline
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.22,0:13:17.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the number of women majoring in computer science just since 2000.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.33,0:13:20.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what I'm saying is that what will make the difference
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.65,0:13:23.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be building community among students,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.20,0:13:26.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,telling young women, young minority students and students in general,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.20,0:13:27.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can do this work.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.45,0:13:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And most important, giving them a chance to build that community
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.72,0:13:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with faculty pulling them into the work
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.88,0:13:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our assessing what works and what does not work.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.40,0:13:39.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most important, if a student has a sense of self,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.25,0:13:42.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is amazing how the dreams and the values
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.13,0:13:44.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can make all the difference in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.12,0:13:47.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was a 12-year-old child in the jail in Birmingham,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.75,0:13:51.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I kept thinking, "I wonder what my future could be."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.01,0:13:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had no idea that it was possible for this little black boy in Birmingham
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.80,0:14:01.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to one day be president of a university that has students from 150 countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.76,0:14:04.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where students are not there just to survive,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.12,0:14:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they love learning, where they enjoy being the best,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.12,0:14:10.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they will one day change the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.66,0:14:14.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Aristotle said, "Excellence is never an accident.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.04,0:14:20.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is the result of high intention, sincere effort and intelligent execution.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.03,0:14:23.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It represents the wisest option among many alternatives."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.96,0:14:26.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then he said something that gives me goosebumps.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.30,0:14:31.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "Choice, not chance, determines your destiny."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.94,0:14:39.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Choice, not chance, determines your destiny, dreams and values.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.51,0:14:41.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you all very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.44,0:14:52.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)