WEBVTT 00:00:00.502 --> 00:00:05.787 Frugal Digital is essentially a small research group at C.I.D. 00:00:05.787 --> 00:00:07.930 where we are looking to find 00:00:07.930 --> 00:00:12.470 alternate visions of how to create a digitally inclusive society. 00:00:12.470 --> 00:00:14.278 That's what we're after. 00:00:14.278 --> 00:00:16.458 And we do this because we actually believe 00:00:16.458 --> 00:00:19.732 that silicon technology today is mostly about 00:00:19.732 --> 00:00:21.484 a culture of excess. 00:00:21.484 --> 00:00:23.657 It's about the fastest and the most efficient 00:00:23.657 --> 00:00:26.087 and the most dazzling gadget you can have, 00:00:26.087 --> 00:00:28.985 while about two-thirds of the world 00:00:28.985 --> 00:00:32.669 can hardly reach the most basic of this technology 00:00:32.669 --> 00:00:36.252 to even address fundamental needs in life, 00:00:36.252 --> 00:00:38.420 including health care, education 00:00:38.420 --> 00:00:42.499 and all these kinds of very fundamental issues. NOTE Paragraph 00:00:42.499 --> 00:00:45.744 So before I start, I want to talk about a little anecdote, 00:00:45.744 --> 00:00:49.767 a little story about a man I met once in Mumbai. 00:00:49.767 --> 00:00:51.954 So this man, his name is Sathi Shri. 00:00:51.954 --> 00:00:54.060 He is an outstanding person, 00:00:54.060 --> 00:00:56.202 because he's a small entrepreneur. 00:00:56.202 --> 00:00:57.944 He runs a little shop 00:00:57.944 --> 00:00:59.947 in one of the back streets of Mumbai. 00:00:59.947 --> 00:01:02.995 He has this little 10-square-meter store, 00:01:02.995 --> 00:01:05.145 where so much is being done. 00:01:05.145 --> 00:01:07.050 It's incredible, because I couldn't believe my eyes 00:01:07.050 --> 00:01:09.533 when I once just happened to bump into him. 00:01:09.533 --> 00:01:11.658 Basically, what he does is, he has all these services 00:01:11.658 --> 00:01:14.411 for micro-payments and booking tickets 00:01:14.411 --> 00:01:17.744 and all kinds of basic things that you would go online for, 00:01:17.744 --> 00:01:19.933 but he does it for people offline 00:01:19.933 --> 00:01:21.930 and connects to the digital world. 00:01:21.930 --> 00:01:23.435 More importantly, he makes his money 00:01:23.435 --> 00:01:26.028 by selling these mobile recharge coupons, you know, 00:01:26.028 --> 00:01:28.303 for the prepaid subscriptions. 00:01:28.303 --> 00:01:31.544 But then, in the backside, he's got this little nook 00:01:31.544 --> 00:01:34.117 with a few of his employees 00:01:34.117 --> 00:01:36.701 where they can fix almost anything. 00:01:36.701 --> 00:01:39.959 Any cell phone, any gadget you can bring them, they can fix it. 00:01:39.959 --> 00:01:43.077 And it's pretty incredible because I took my iPhone there, 00:01:43.077 --> 00:01:45.246 and he was like, "Yeah, do you want an upgrade?" 00:01:45.246 --> 00:01:47.564 "Yes." (Laughter) 00:01:47.564 --> 00:01:49.504 I was a bit skeptical, but then, I decided 00:01:49.504 --> 00:01:54.137 to give him a Nokia instead. (Laughter) NOTE Paragraph 00:01:54.137 --> 00:01:59.352 But what I was amazed about is this reverse engineering 00:01:59.352 --> 00:02:04.304 and know-how that's built into this little two meters of space. 00:02:04.304 --> 00:02:06.895 They have figured out everything that's required 00:02:06.895 --> 00:02:08.921 to dismantle, take things apart, 00:02:08.921 --> 00:02:11.880 rewrite the circuitry, re-flash the firmware, 00:02:11.880 --> 00:02:13.847 do whatever you want to with the phone, 00:02:13.847 --> 00:02:16.416 and they can fix anything so quickly. 00:02:16.416 --> 00:02:18.416 You can hand over a phone this morning 00:02:18.416 --> 00:02:20.336 and you can go pick it up after lunch, 00:02:20.336 --> 00:02:22.256 and it was quite incredible. NOTE Paragraph 00:02:22.256 --> 00:02:23.827 But then we were wondering whether this is 00:02:23.827 --> 00:02:26.369 a local phenomenon, or is truly global? 00:02:26.369 --> 00:02:28.619 And, over time, we started understanding 00:02:28.619 --> 00:02:30.338 and systematically researching 00:02:30.338 --> 00:02:32.454 what this tinkering ecosystem is about, 00:02:32.454 --> 00:02:34.059 because that is something that's happening 00:02:34.059 --> 00:02:36.091 not just in one street corner in Mumbai. 00:02:36.091 --> 00:02:39.205 It's actually happening in all parts of the country. 00:02:39.205 --> 00:02:41.466 It's even happening in Africa, like, for example, 00:02:41.466 --> 00:02:43.513 in Cape Town we did extensive research on this. 00:02:43.513 --> 00:02:46.708 Even here in Doha I found this little nook 00:02:46.708 --> 00:02:49.595 where you can get alarm clocks and watches fixed, 00:02:49.595 --> 00:02:52.796 and it's a lot of tiny little parts. It's not easy. 00:02:52.796 --> 00:02:54.909 You've got to try it on your own to believe it. NOTE Paragraph 00:02:54.909 --> 00:02:56.463 But what fuels this? 00:02:56.463 --> 00:02:59.971 It's this entire ecosystem of low-cost parts 00:02:59.971 --> 00:03:03.277 and supplies that are produced all over the world, literally, 00:03:03.277 --> 00:03:07.043 and then redistributed to basically service this industry, 00:03:07.043 --> 00:03:09.214 and you can even buy salvaged parts. 00:03:09.214 --> 00:03:11.370 Basically, you don't have to necessarily buy 00:03:11.370 --> 00:03:13.833 brand new things. You have condemned computers 00:03:13.833 --> 00:03:15.140 that are stripped apart, 00:03:15.140 --> 00:03:16.710 and you can buy salvaged components 00:03:16.710 --> 00:03:20.531 and things that you can reassemble in a new configuration. NOTE Paragraph 00:03:20.531 --> 00:03:24.012 But what does this new, sort of, approach give us? 00:03:24.012 --> 00:03:25.932 That's the real question, because this is something 00:03:25.932 --> 00:03:28.157 that's been there, part of every society 00:03:28.157 --> 00:03:30.523 that's deprived of enough resources. 00:03:30.523 --> 00:03:32.420 But there's an interesting paradigm. 00:03:32.420 --> 00:03:33.912 There's the traditional crafts, 00:03:33.912 --> 00:03:35.915 and then there's the technology crafts. 00:03:35.915 --> 00:03:38.123 We call it the technology crafts because these are emerging. 00:03:38.123 --> 00:03:40.195 They're not something that's been established. 00:03:40.195 --> 00:03:42.862 It's not something that's institutionalized. 00:03:42.862 --> 00:03:44.633 It's not taught in universities. 00:03:44.633 --> 00:03:46.356 It's taught [by] word of mouth, 00:03:46.356 --> 00:03:48.265 and it's an informal education system around this. NOTE Paragraph 00:03:48.265 --> 00:03:51.067 So we said, "What can we get out of this? 00:03:51.067 --> 00:03:53.801 You know, like, what are the key values that we can get out of this?" 00:03:53.801 --> 00:03:56.146 The main thing is a fix-it-locally culture, 00:03:56.146 --> 00:03:58.486 which is fantastic because it means that your product 00:03:58.486 --> 00:04:00.531 or your service doesn't have to go through 00:04:00.531 --> 00:04:03.139 a huge bureaucratic system to get it fixed. 00:04:03.139 --> 00:04:06.218 It also affords us cheap fabrication, which is fantastic, 00:04:06.218 --> 00:04:08.250 so it means that you can do a lot more with it. 00:04:08.250 --> 00:04:10.564 And then, the most important thing is, 00:04:10.564 --> 00:04:12.940 it gives us large math for low cost. 00:04:12.940 --> 00:04:15.269 So it means that you can actually embed 00:04:15.269 --> 00:04:18.794 pretty clever algorithms and lots of other kinds 00:04:18.794 --> 00:04:22.452 of extendable ideas into really simple devices. NOTE Paragraph 00:04:22.452 --> 00:04:27.260 So, what we call this is a silicon cottage industry. 00:04:27.260 --> 00:04:30.206 It's basically what was the system or the paradigm 00:04:30.206 --> 00:04:32.670 before the industrial revolution is now re-happening 00:04:32.670 --> 00:04:35.678 in a whole new way in small digital shops 00:04:35.678 --> 00:04:38.759 across the planet in most developing countries. NOTE Paragraph 00:04:38.759 --> 00:04:42.893 So, we kind of toyed around with this idea, 00:04:42.893 --> 00:04:44.571 and we said, "What can we do with this? 00:04:44.571 --> 00:04:47.099 Can we make a little product or a service out of it?" 00:04:47.099 --> 00:04:49.519 So one of the first things we did is this thing called 00:04:49.519 --> 00:04:51.915 a multimedia platform. We call it a lunch box. 00:04:51.915 --> 00:04:54.666 Basically one of the contexts that we studied was 00:04:54.666 --> 00:04:58.153 schools in very remote parts of India. 00:04:58.153 --> 00:05:01.412 So there is this amazing concept called the one-teacher school, 00:05:01.412 --> 00:05:04.114 which is basically a single teacher who is a multitasker 00:05:04.114 --> 00:05:06.591 who teaches this amazing little social setting. 00:05:06.591 --> 00:05:08.128 It's an informal school, 00:05:08.128 --> 00:05:10.287 but it's really about holistic education. 00:05:10.287 --> 00:05:11.525 The only thing that they don't have 00:05:11.525 --> 00:05:13.919 is access to resources. They don't even have a textbook 00:05:13.919 --> 00:05:16.746 sometimes, and they don't even have a proper curriculum. NOTE Paragraph 00:05:16.746 --> 00:05:20.250 So we said, "What can we do to empower this teacher 00:05:20.250 --> 00:05:23.062 to do more?" How to access the digital world? 00:05:23.062 --> 00:05:25.624 Instead of being the sole guardian of information, 00:05:25.624 --> 00:05:28.028 be a facilitator to all this information. 00:05:28.028 --> 00:05:31.412 So we said, "What are the steps required to empower the teacher?" 00:05:31.412 --> 00:05:34.067 How do you make this teacher into a digital gateway, 00:05:34.067 --> 00:05:36.599 and how do you design an inexpensive multimedia platform 00:05:36.599 --> 00:05:39.591 that can be constructed locally and serviced locally?" 00:05:39.591 --> 00:05:41.934 So we walked around. 00:05:41.934 --> 00:05:44.224 We went and scavenged the nearby markets, 00:05:44.224 --> 00:05:48.245 and we tried to understand, "What can we pick up that will make this happen?" NOTE Paragraph 00:05:48.245 --> 00:05:50.772 So the thing that we got 00:05:50.772 --> 00:05:53.979 was a little mobile phone with a little pico projector 00:05:53.979 --> 00:05:56.316 that comes for about 60 dollars. 00:05:56.316 --> 00:05:58.772 We went a bought a flashlight with a very big battery, 00:05:58.772 --> 00:06:00.562 and a bunch of small speakers. 00:06:00.562 --> 00:06:02.860 So essentially, the mobile phone gives us 00:06:02.860 --> 00:06:04.784 a connected multimedia platform. 00:06:04.784 --> 00:06:08.269 It allows us to get online and allows us to load up files 00:06:08.269 --> 00:06:10.620 of different formats and play them. 00:06:10.620 --> 00:06:13.646 The flashlight gives us this really intense, bright L.E.D., 00:06:13.646 --> 00:06:16.637 and six hours worth of rechargeable battery pack, 00:06:16.637 --> 00:06:18.853 and the lunch box is a nice little package 00:06:18.853 --> 00:06:20.900 in which you can put everything inside, 00:06:20.900 --> 00:06:22.463 and a bunch of mini speakers to sort of 00:06:22.463 --> 00:06:23.881 amplify the sound large enough. 00:06:23.881 --> 00:06:27.420 Believe me, those little classrooms are really noisy. 00:06:27.420 --> 00:06:30.013 They are kids who scream at the top of their voices, 00:06:30.013 --> 00:06:31.673 and you really have to get above that. 00:06:31.673 --> 00:06:34.394 And we took it back to this little tinkering setup 00:06:34.394 --> 00:06:36.484 of a mobile phone repair shop, 00:06:36.484 --> 00:06:37.912 and then the magic happens. 00:06:37.912 --> 00:06:39.293 We dismantle the whole thing, 00:06:39.293 --> 00:06:41.650 we reassemble it in a new configuration, 00:06:41.650 --> 00:06:43.828 and we do this hardware mashup, 00:06:43.828 --> 00:06:46.437 systematically training the guy how to do this. 00:06:46.437 --> 00:06:49.892 Out comes this, a little lunch box -- form factor. NOTE Paragraph 00:06:49.892 --> 00:06:56.718 (Applause) NOTE Paragraph 00:06:56.718 --> 00:06:59.736 And we systematically field tested, 00:06:59.736 --> 00:07:02.104 because in the field testing we learned some 00:07:02.104 --> 00:07:04.621 important lessons, and we went through many iterations. 00:07:04.621 --> 00:07:07.316 One of the key issues was battery consumption and charging. 00:07:07.316 --> 00:07:11.294 Luminosity was an issue, when you have too much bright sunlight outside. 00:07:11.294 --> 00:07:13.846 Often the roofs are broken, so you don't have enough 00:07:13.846 --> 00:07:16.974 darkness in the classroom to do these things. NOTE Paragraph 00:07:16.974 --> 00:07:19.816 We extended this idea. We tested it many times over, 00:07:19.816 --> 00:07:22.394 and the next version we came up with was a box 00:07:22.394 --> 00:07:24.774 that kind of could trickle charge on solar energy, 00:07:24.774 --> 00:07:27.573 but most importantly connect to a car battery, 00:07:27.573 --> 00:07:30.567 because a car battery is a ubiquitous source of power 00:07:30.567 --> 00:07:32.774 in places where there's not enough electricity 00:07:32.774 --> 00:07:34.734 or erratic electricity. NOTE Paragraph 00:07:34.734 --> 00:07:36.703 And the other key thing that we did was 00:07:36.703 --> 00:07:39.165 make this box run off a USB key, because we realized 00:07:39.165 --> 00:07:42.519 that even though there was GPRS and all that on paper, 00:07:42.519 --> 00:07:45.094 at least, in theory, it was much more efficient 00:07:45.094 --> 00:07:48.984 to send the data on a little USB key by surface mail. 00:07:48.984 --> 00:07:50.824 It might take a few days to get there, 00:07:50.824 --> 00:07:53.198 but at least it gets there in high definition 00:07:53.198 --> 00:07:55.413 and in a reliable quality. 00:07:55.413 --> 00:07:57.695 So we made this box, and we tested it again 00:07:57.695 --> 00:07:59.230 and again and again, and we're going through 00:07:59.230 --> 00:08:00.779 multiple iterations to do these things. NOTE Paragraph 00:08:00.779 --> 00:08:03.748 But it's not limited to just education. 00:08:03.748 --> 00:08:05.614 This kind of a technique or metrology 00:08:05.614 --> 00:08:07.626 can actually be applied to other kinds of areas, 00:08:07.626 --> 00:08:09.534 and I'm going to tell you one more little story. 00:08:09.534 --> 00:08:11.989 It's about this little device called a medi-meter. 00:08:11.989 --> 00:08:15.356 It's basically a little health care screening tool that we developed. NOTE Paragraph 00:08:15.356 --> 00:08:18.683 In India, there is a context of these amazing people, 00:08:18.683 --> 00:08:20.962 the health care workers called ASHA workers. 00:08:20.962 --> 00:08:23.379 They are essentially foot soldiers for the health care system 00:08:23.379 --> 00:08:25.763 who live in the local community and are trained 00:08:25.763 --> 00:08:28.331 with basic tools and basic concepts of health care, 00:08:28.331 --> 00:08:32.093 and the main purpose is basically to inform people 00:08:32.093 --> 00:08:35.626 to basically, how to lead a better life, but also 00:08:35.626 --> 00:08:38.854 to divert or sort of make recommendations 00:08:38.854 --> 00:08:41.528 of what kind of health care should they approach? 00:08:41.528 --> 00:08:44.240 They are basically referral services, essentially. NOTE Paragraph 00:08:44.240 --> 00:08:46.548 But the problem with that is that we realized 00:08:46.548 --> 00:08:50.738 after a bunch of research that they are amazing 00:08:50.738 --> 00:08:53.218 at referring people to the nearest clinic 00:08:53.218 --> 00:08:56.091 or the public health care system, but what happens at the 00:08:56.091 --> 00:09:00.169 public health care system is this: these incredibly long lines 00:09:00.169 --> 00:09:02.979 and too many people who overload the system 00:09:02.979 --> 00:09:05.545 simply because there's not enough doctors and facilities 00:09:05.545 --> 00:09:07.747 for the population that's being referred. 00:09:07.747 --> 00:09:09.866 So everything from a common cold 00:09:09.866 --> 00:09:12.526 to a serious case of malaria gets almost the same 00:09:12.526 --> 00:09:15.570 level of attention, and there's no priorities. NOTE Paragraph 00:09:15.570 --> 00:09:17.641 So we said, "Come on, there's got to be a better way 00:09:17.641 --> 00:09:19.442 of doing this for sure." 00:09:19.442 --> 00:09:22.019 So we said, "What can we do with the ASHA worker 00:09:22.019 --> 00:09:25.950 that'll allow this ASHA worker to become an interesting filter, 00:09:25.950 --> 00:09:28.465 but not just a filter, a really well thought through referral 00:09:28.465 --> 00:09:31.946 system that allows load balancing of the network, 00:09:31.946 --> 00:09:35.885 and directs patients to different sources of health care 00:09:35.885 --> 00:09:39.765 based on the severity or the criticalness of those situations?" NOTE Paragraph 00:09:39.765 --> 00:09:41.746 So the real key question was, 00:09:41.746 --> 00:09:43.414 how do we empower this woman? 00:09:43.414 --> 00:09:45.341 How do we empower her with simple tools 00:09:45.341 --> 00:09:48.292 that's not diagnostic but more screening in nature 00:09:48.292 --> 00:09:52.072 so she at least knows how to advise the patients better? 00:09:52.072 --> 00:09:54.100 And that'll make such a huge difference on the system, 00:09:54.100 --> 00:09:59.018 because the amount of waiting time and the amount of 00:09:59.018 --> 00:10:00.938 distances that people need to travel, often sometimes 00:10:00.938 --> 00:10:03.611 seven to 15 kilometers, sometimes by foot, 00:10:03.611 --> 00:10:09.074 to get a simple health check done, is very, very detrimental 00:10:09.074 --> 00:10:11.528 in the sense that it really dissuades people 00:10:11.528 --> 00:10:13.537 from getting access to health care. 00:10:13.537 --> 00:10:15.572 So if there was something that she could do, 00:10:15.572 --> 00:10:16.681 that would be amazing. NOTE Paragraph 00:10:16.681 --> 00:10:19.742 So what we did was that we converted this device 00:10:19.742 --> 00:10:21.559 into a medical device. 00:10:21.559 --> 00:10:22.835 I want to demo this actually, 00:10:22.835 --> 00:10:25.508 because it's a very simple process. NOTE Paragraph 00:10:25.508 --> 00:10:27.917 Bruno, do you want to join us? (Cheers) 00:10:27.917 --> 00:10:34.119 Come along. (Applause) NOTE Paragraph 00:10:34.119 --> 00:10:37.044 So, what we're going to do is that 00:10:37.044 --> 00:10:40.016 we're going to measure a few basic parameters on you, 00:10:40.016 --> 00:10:42.871 including your pulse rate and the amount of oxygen 00:10:42.871 --> 00:10:44.744 that's there in your blood. 00:10:44.744 --> 00:10:48.035 So you're going to put your thumb on top of this. NOTE Paragraph 00:10:48.035 --> 00:10:49.809 Bruno Giussani: Like this, works? NOTE Paragraph 00:10:49.809 --> 00:10:51.475 Vinay Venkatraman: Yeah. That's right. BG: Okay. NOTE Paragraph 00:10:51.475 --> 00:10:55.483 VV: So I'm going to start it up. I hope it works. 00:10:55.483 --> 00:10:59.833 (Beeps) It even beeps, because it's an alarm clock, after all. 00:10:59.833 --> 00:11:01.845 So ... (Laughter) NOTE Paragraph 00:11:01.845 --> 00:11:06.236 So I take it into the start position, and then 00:11:06.236 --> 00:11:09.848 I press the read button. (Beeps) 00:11:09.848 --> 00:11:15.329 So it's taking a little reading from you. (Beeps) 00:11:15.329 --> 00:11:18.107 And then the pointer goes and points to three different options. 00:11:18.107 --> 00:11:21.382 Let's see what happens here. 00:11:21.382 --> 00:11:23.465 (Beeps) Oh Bruno, you can go home, actually. NOTE Paragraph 00:11:23.465 --> 00:11:27.301 BG: Great. Good news. (Applause) NOTE Paragraph 00:11:27.301 --> 00:11:29.646 VV: So ... (Applause) NOTE Paragraph 00:11:29.646 --> 00:11:32.863 So the thing about this is that 00:11:32.863 --> 00:11:36.968 if the pointer, unfortunately, had pointed to the red spot, 00:11:36.968 --> 00:11:38.814 we would have to rush you to a hospital. 00:11:38.814 --> 00:11:42.934 Luckily, not today. And if it had pointed to the orange 00:11:42.934 --> 00:11:45.763 or the amber, it basically meant you had to have, 00:11:45.763 --> 00:11:48.807 sort of, more continuous care from the health care worker. 00:11:48.807 --> 00:11:51.158 So that was a very simple three-step screening process 00:11:51.158 --> 00:11:53.273 that could basically change the equation 00:11:53.273 --> 00:11:56.013 of how public health care works in so many different ways. NOTE Paragraph 00:11:56.013 --> 00:11:57.910 BG: Thank you for the good news. VV: Yeah. NOTE Paragraph 00:11:57.910 --> 00:12:02.303 (Applause) 00:12:02.303 --> 00:12:05.743 So, very briefly, I'll just explain to you how this is done, 00:12:05.743 --> 00:12:08.033 because that's the more interesting part. 00:12:08.033 --> 00:12:10.727 So essentially, the three things that are required 00:12:10.727 --> 00:12:15.255 to make this conversion from this guy to this guy 00:12:15.255 --> 00:12:19.384 is a cheap remote control for a television 00:12:19.384 --> 00:12:22.295 that you can almost find in every home today, 00:12:22.295 --> 00:12:26.009 some parts from a computer mouse, basically, 00:12:26.009 --> 00:12:29.872 something that you can scavenge for very low cost, 00:12:29.872 --> 00:12:32.783 and a few parts that have to be pre-programmed. 00:12:32.783 --> 00:12:35.184 Basically this is a micro-controller with a few 00:12:35.184 --> 00:12:37.979 extra components that can be shipped for very little cost 00:12:37.979 --> 00:12:40.972 across the world, and that's what is all required 00:12:40.972 --> 00:12:43.363 with a little bit of local tinkering talent 00:12:43.363 --> 00:12:46.150 to convert the device into something else. 00:12:46.150 --> 00:12:49.546 So we are right now doing some systematic field tests 00:12:49.546 --> 00:12:52.596 to basically ascertain whether something like this actually 00:12:52.596 --> 00:12:54.163 makes sense to the ASHA worker. NOTE Paragraph 00:12:54.163 --> 00:12:57.707 We are going through some reference tests to compare it 00:12:57.707 --> 00:13:01.165 against professional equipment to see if there's a degree 00:13:01.165 --> 00:13:03.487 of change in efficacy and if it actually makes an impact 00:13:03.487 --> 00:13:06.095 in people's lives. But most importantly, 00:13:06.095 --> 00:13:07.890 what we are trying to do right now 00:13:07.890 --> 00:13:10.144 is we are trying to scale this up, because there 00:13:10.144 --> 00:13:12.831 are over 250,000 ASHA workers on the ground 00:13:12.831 --> 00:13:15.568 who are these amazing foot soldiers, and if we can 00:13:15.568 --> 00:13:19.128 give at least a fraction of them the access to these things, 00:13:19.128 --> 00:13:22.086 it just changes the way the economics of public health care 00:13:22.086 --> 00:13:25.097 works, and it changes the way systems actually function, 00:13:25.097 --> 00:13:29.363 not just on a systematic planning level, 00:13:29.363 --> 00:13:32.548 but also in a very grassroots, bottom-up level. NOTE Paragraph 00:13:32.548 --> 00:13:35.349 So that's it, and we hope to do this in a big way. 00:13:35.349 --> 00:13:38.507 Thank you. (Applause) NOTE Paragraph 00:13:38.507 --> 00:13:47.153 (Applause)