[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.21,0:00:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do these two everyday objects,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.21,0:00:39.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a drug and a smartphone,\Nhave in common?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.25,0:00:43.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will try to solve\Nthis little riddle today,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.80,0:00:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the next few minutes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.21,0:00:50.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, the drug: I have always\Nbeen fascinated by this object.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.92,0:00:54.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mere fact of swallowing it\Nis somehow almost magical,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.83,0:00:59.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's enough to cure diseases,\Nsometimes, to even brave death.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.42,0:01:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have always been fascinated
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.12,0:01:05.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the fact that this same drug\Nhelps to cure billions of people,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.46,0:01:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of them different:\Nyou, your neighbor, me.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.34,0:01:11.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is the challenge\Nof personalized medicine:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.00,0:01:15.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to understand why, when I have a headache,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.21,0:01:18.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if I take an aspirin pill,\Nthat is enough to relieve my pain,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.50,0:01:22.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while my neighbor needs\Ntwo of the same pills
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.21,0:01:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to relieve the same headache pain.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.50,0:01:28.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Therefore, these questions are\Nthe challenges of tomorrow
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.50,0:01:31.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it comes to understanding\Nour personal response to treatment,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.82,0:01:35.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and above all, finding\Nthe best treatment for everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.38,0:01:37.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I suggest you keep in mind\Nthese questions,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.96,0:01:41.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- they are particularly dear to me,\Nwe shall return to them later -
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.24,0:01:45.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I first suggest that you look back\Nin the rearview mirror a little
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.88,0:01:49.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and notice the extraordinary progress\Nthat has been made in medicine
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.12,0:01:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the past century:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.54,0:01:54.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've extended life expectancy,\Nand decoded our genes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.29,0:01:58.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Louis Pasteur would have believed\Nscience was a fiction novel
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.50,0:02:01.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had he seen the extent\Nof our modern biology;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.46,0:02:06.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are decades of technological\Nrevolution behind this drug.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.54,0:02:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.17,0:02:14.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what an extraordinary progress\Nhas been achieved in computer science
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.67,0:02:16.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the past 30 years
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.17,0:02:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thinking back at how computers\Nused to occupy entire rooms.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.96,0:02:24.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, we concentrate\Na phenomenal computing power
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.12,0:02:25.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the palm of our hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.63,0:02:28.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you remember Alan Turing?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.12,0:02:31.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alan Turing who was considered\Nthe father of the modern computer
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.31,0:02:33.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the World War II;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.54,0:02:36.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think he would have believed\Nscience is a fiction novel too,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.50,0:02:40.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had he seen the extent\Nof our modern computer science.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.42,0:02:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My vocation is to bring\Nthese two worlds together
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.46,0:02:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and power, inside a computer,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.75,0:02:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the stimulation of an organism,\Nof your personal response to treatment.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.21,0:03:01.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, behind these\Nscientific and technological stakes,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.38,0:03:04.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are several social issues hidden.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.21,0:03:08.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you know that this drug,\Napparently so innocent, so familiar,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.79,0:03:10.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is very far from being a mere drug?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.83,0:03:14.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are more deaths each year\Ndue to inadequate medication
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.96,0:03:19.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than people killed in road accidents\Nand suicides combined.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.54,0:03:24.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that this small object,\Na smartphone or a computer,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.79,0:03:27.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can help tackle these issues.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.88,0:03:29.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And before talking technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.63,0:03:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would like to start by sharing\Na little personal anecdote.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.42,0:03:36.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to talk to you\Nabout my wife, Caroline.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.31,0:03:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Caroline is an avid\Nanimal rights activist.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.71,0:03:43.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On my part, for several years,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.27,0:03:46.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I worked on cancer\Nin an experimental biology laboratory
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.83,0:03:49.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and among our activities,\Nwe sometimes worked on animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.21,0:03:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can imagine the disaster\Nat home sometimes.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.50,0:03:54.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was something.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.22,0:03:56.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, she would question me:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.95,0:04:00.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do we have the right \Nto sometimes abuse animals
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.38,0:04:03.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is it always really that useful?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.29,0:04:07.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have an extremely complex debate
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.73,0:04:11.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of course, I will never deny
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.18,0:04:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the contributions experimental biology\Nand animal biology to current knowledge.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.50,0:04:18.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nevertheless, this discussion\Nmade me question myself,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.14,0:04:21.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I would like to share with you\Nsome of that reflection today.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.38,0:04:25.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's true, this drug originally\Nwas designed based on animals,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.25,0:04:29.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then only afterwards,\Nit was tested on man.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.63,0:04:31.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But not on you in particular!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.35,0:04:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, we all respond differently,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.96,0:04:37.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You, me, my neighbor.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.19,0:04:43.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why? Because you, madam,\Nare not the replica of you, sir.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.00,0:04:47.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That explains why you respond\Ndifferently to this treatment.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.72,0:04:49.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if I may,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.19,0:04:52.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you, madam, are even less\Nthe replica of a lab mouse.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.48,0:04:56.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When, in fact, cancer\Nis tackled through the animal,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.51,0:04:58.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we want to cure Cancer with a big C.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.58,0:05:01.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I do not want to cure cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.60,0:05:05.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I do not want to cure cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.46,0:05:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to cure your cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.50,0:05:11.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If one day it should happen to you,\Nand I do not wish it,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.76,0:05:13.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if that were the case,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.49,0:05:16.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would love to find\Nthe best treatment for you
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.30,0:05:18.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is not the same\Nas your neighbor’s
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.50,0:05:21.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because your cancer would not be\Nthe replica of your neighbor’s cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.99,0:05:24.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even less, once again,\Nthe replica of a cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.90,0:05:28.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,artificially induced\Nin a laboratory animal.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.57,0:05:32.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Isn't there another way\Nof conceiving things?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.33,0:05:37.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea's here to start from the patient,\Nfrom you, from your characteristics,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.63,0:05:40.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to project them into the machine,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.72,0:05:43.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,create what is called a digital twin,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.16,0:05:46.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in this digital twin, test\Nthe response to the treatment,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.92,0:05:49.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thus decreasing animal testing
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.26,0:05:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is costly\Nand ethically questionable,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.02,0:05:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in addition, better targeting\Nthe response to treatment.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.37,0:05:58.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how do we get there?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.43,0:06:03.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, our organism\Nis extremely complex:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.24,0:06:05.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a man's is diffrent from a woman's
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.48,0:06:09.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I believe women's are sometimes \Nparticularly more complex.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.21,0:06:13.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The complete opposite \Nis also true, I assure you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.28,0:06:17.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On a more serius note, I like\Nthe analogy with electronics
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.51,0:06:20.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to grasp this magnificent complexity.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.28,0:06:24.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am always amazed when I see\Nthe circuit in a simple radio,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.91,0:06:29.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the complexity of its connections,\Nsub-circuits, and components.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.40,0:06:32.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is very similar\Nto our complex organism.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.49,0:06:35.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course in biology, in our organism,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.51,0:06:37.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the interactions are not electronic,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.51,0:06:40.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are chemical, physical, biological
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.72,0:06:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is precisely\Nthe mission of biology:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.50,0:06:47.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to decipher this complexity.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.26,0:06:50.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there is a fundamental\Ndifference with electronics:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.20,0:06:54.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no human has conceived\Nthe blueprint of our organism.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.88,0:06:57.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When a radio breaks down,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.75,0:07:00.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since we know the blueprint,\Nwe know how to repair it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.32,0:07:04.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a whole different story\Nwhen our organism breaks down,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.70,0:07:06.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gets sick.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.44,0:07:11.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we do not know the blueprint,\Nso it's a little bit as if
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.29,0:07:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some natives of Amazon,\Nhowever intelligent they may be,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.09,0:07:18.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had to understand and repair\Na radio overnight.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.53,0:07:21.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That, again, is the challenge of biology.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.17,0:07:24.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In recent years, we have come\Nto understand better
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.49,0:07:26.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more and more pathologies.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.64,0:07:29.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thousands of research teams\Naround the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.19,0:07:31.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are decrypting this complexity,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.13,0:07:37.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,understanding small pieces of circuitry,\Nindependent pieces of the puzzle.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.96,0:07:42.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is where computer science\Nand mathematics come into play.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.75,0:07:44.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With these tools,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.39,0:07:48.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will be able to reattach\Nthese little bits
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.47,0:07:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to make live in a virtual world,\Nin the machine,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.77,0:07:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these bits, assembled circuits,\Npuzzle pieces that we simulate,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.03,0:08:00.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we make come alive\Ninside the computer.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.42,0:08:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you see here is a virtual cell,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.38,0:08:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a cancer cell,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.64,0:08:10.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is in fact the projection\Nof a cancer cell in a software,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.35,0:08:12.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what is commonly called an application.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.75,0:08:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again we see the analogy\Nwith electronics,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.50,0:08:17.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are all these circuits,\Nthese connections.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.87,0:08:19.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, it's biology.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.78,0:08:23.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we see all this complexity\Nof the cancer cell
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.20,0:08:24.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which makes it formidably effective.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.95,0:08:29.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each dot, of course these are not\Ndots of electronic components,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.86,0:08:33.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a biological interaction,\Na protein for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.02,0:08:36.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We saw there Akt, Ras,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.25,0:08:39.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a protein that is involved\Nin the virulence of many cancers:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.94,0:08:42.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pancreatic cancer, skin cancer...
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.04,0:08:48.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is particularly interesting\Nin this virtual cancer cell
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.74,0:08:52.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that it is not simply\Na collection of information.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.82,0:08:55.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, behind each dot,\Neach entity in this network,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.82,0:08:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hides an equation.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.37,0:09:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And behind a whole network\Nis a system of equations
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.06,0:09:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the confluence between\Nmathematics and biology.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.01,0:09:06.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is called bio-mathematics,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.85,0:09:09.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also called the biology of systems
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.53,0:09:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it allows us\Nto set this network to music,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.06,0:09:17.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to play, to simulate parts\Nof this virtual cell,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.27,0:09:21.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,parts, pieces of this puzzle\Nin the machine.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.08,0:09:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is an incredible playground,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.50,0:09:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because this complexity is very difficult\Nfor the human brain to apprehend.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.50,0:09:31.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And thanks to the computer tool\Nand the mathematical tool,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.58,0:09:35.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are able to master, control\Nand visualize this complexity.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.75,0:09:37.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we visualize things,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.66,0:09:41.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are making a big step\Ntowards solving problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.01,0:09:46.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, let's put us in the shoes\Nof a drug designer.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.00,0:09:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let us play the role\Nof the pharmaceutical laboratory.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.76,0:09:52.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this digital twin,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.71,0:09:55.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will be able to test the new drugs
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.15,0:09:57.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reduce animal testing
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.71,0:10:01.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to promote experimentation\Non virtual patients
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.39,0:10:04.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who will reflect your own diversity.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.44,0:10:09.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tomorrow, why not test your own response\Nto your medications
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.33,0:10:12.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on your own avatar,\Nyour own digital twin?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.09,0:10:19.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not to cure cancer, to cure your cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.16,0:10:24.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Personally, I am convinced\Nthat this innovation, tomorrow,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.17,0:10:25.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will knock on our door,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.66,0:10:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for medicines of everyday life.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.68,0:10:34.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I say that because we talk a lot about\Nbig data, right now in biology.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.49,0:10:37.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is in direct connection\Nwith our subject, these massive data,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.74,0:10:40.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are the data that make us all different,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.07,0:10:43.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,explain our differences,\Nmy weight, my age, my height,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.62,0:10:45.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also my genetic data,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.25,0:10:48.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my bio-markers...
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.77,0:10:52.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,therefore explain our difference\Nin response to treatment
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.61,0:10:55.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and why I need less aspirin\Nthan my next door neighbour.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.85,0:10:58.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These numerical and mathematical\Nmodels that I have shown you
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.84,0:11:02.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,feed on these massive data\Nand biological data.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.13,0:11:05.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks to them, we will be able\Nto build and specify your avatar,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.61,0:11:09.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,set up your digital twin.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.66,0:11:11.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you understood it,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.23,0:11:13.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,presently, we talk a lot\Nabout personalized medicine.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.00,0:11:19.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, I told you about\Ncustomized modeling
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.41,0:11:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a calculation concentrate,\Nlike this one,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.08,0:11:26.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be able tomorrow to simulate\Nyour personal response to the treatment.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.31,0:11:32.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is really the challenge\Nof personalized medicine,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.25,0:11:35.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,digital medicine,\Nthe medicine of the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.71,0:11:39.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You may think I'm exaggerating a little.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.73,0:11:43.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, that is my belief,\Neven if perhaps today, for some,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.70,0:11:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my words resonate\Nlike a science fiction novel.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.06,0:11:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.08,0:11:50.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)