[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.00,0:00:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's an old joke about a cop
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.00,0:00:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who's walking his beat\Nin the middle of the night,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.00,0:00:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he comes across a guy\Nunder a street lamp
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.00,0:00:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who's looking at the ground\Nand moving from side to side,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.00,0:00:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the cop asks him what he's doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.00,0:00:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The guys says he's looking for his keys.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.00,0:00:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the cop takes his time
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.00,0:00:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and looks over and kind of\Nmakes a little matrix
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.00,0:00:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and looks for about two, three minutes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.00,0:00:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No keys.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.00,0:00:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cop says, "Are you sure?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.00,0:00:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hey buddy, are you sure\Nyou lost your keys here?"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.00,0:00:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the guy says,\N"No, actually I lost them
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.00,0:00:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,down at the other end of the street,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.00,0:00:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the light is better here."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.00,0:00:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.00,0:00:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a concept that people talk\Nabout nowadays called "big data."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.00,0:00:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what they're talking\Nabout is all of the information
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.00,0:00:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're generating\Nthrough our interaction
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.00,0:00:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with and over the Internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.00,0:00:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything from Facebook and Twitter
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.00,0:00:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to music downloads, movies,\Nstreaming, all this kind of stuff,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.00,0:00:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the live streaming of TED.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.00,0:00:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the folks who work\Nwith big data, for them,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.00,0:00:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they talk about that their biggest problem
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.00,0:00:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is we have so much information.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.00,0:01:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The biggest problem is: how do we\Norganize all that information?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.00,0:01:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can tell you that,\Nworking in global health,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.00,0:01:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is not our biggest problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.00,0:01:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because for us, even though\Nthe light is better on the Internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.00,0:01:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the data that would help us solve\Nthe problems we're trying to solve
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.00,0:01:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not actually present on the Internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.00,0:01:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we don't know, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.00,0:01:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how many people right now\Nare being affected by disasters
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.00,0:01:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or by conflict situations.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.00,0:01:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't know for, really,\Nbasically, any of the clinics
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.00,0:01:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the developing world,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.00,0:01:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which ones have medicines\Nand which ones don't.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.00,0:01:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have no idea of what\Nthe supply chain is for those clinics.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.00,0:01:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't know -- and this is really\Namazing to me -- we don't know
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.00,0:01:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how many children were born --\Nor how many children there are --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.00,0:01:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Bolivia or Botswana or Bhutan.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.00,0:01:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't know how many kids died last week
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.00,0:01:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in any of those countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.00,0:01:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't know the needs\Nof the elderly, the mentally ill.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.00,0:01:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For all of these different\Ncritically important problems
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.00,0:01:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or critically important areas\Nthat we want to solve problems in,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.00,0:02:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we basically know nothing at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.00,0:02:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And part of the reason\Nwhy we don't know anything at all
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.00,0:02:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the information technology systems\Nthat we use in global health
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.00,0:02:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find the data to solve\Nthese problems is what you see here.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.00,0:02:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is about a 5,000-year-old technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.00,0:02:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of you may have used it before.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.00,0:02:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's kind of on its way out now,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.00,0:02:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we still use it\Nfor 99 percent of our stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.00,0:02:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a paper form.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.00,0:02:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what you're looking at is a paper form
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.00,0:02:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the hand of a Ministry of Health\Nnurse in Indonesia,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.00,0:02:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is tramping out across the countryside
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.00,0:02:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Indonesia on, I'm sure,\Na very hot and humid day,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.00,0:02:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she is going to be knocking\Non thousands of doors
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.00,0:02:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over a period of weeks or months,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.00,0:02:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,knocking on the doors and saying,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.00,0:02:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Excuse me, we'd like to ask\Nyou some questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.00,0:02:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you have any children?\NWere your children vaccinated?"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.00,0:02:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the only way\Nwe can actually find out
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.00,0:02:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how many children were vaccinated\Nin the country of Indonesia,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.00,0:02:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what percentage were vaccinated,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.00,0:03:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is actually not on the Internet,\Nbut by going out and knocking on doors,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.00,0:03:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes tens of thousands of doors.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.00,0:03:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes it takes months to even years\Nto do something like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.00,0:03:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, a census of Indonesia
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.00,0:03:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would probably take\Ntwo years to accomplish.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.00,0:03:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the problem, of course,\Nwith all of this
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.00,0:03:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that, with all those paper forms --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.00,0:03:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm telling you, we have\Npaper forms for every possible thing:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.00,0:03:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have paper forms\Nfor vaccination surveys.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.00,0:03:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have paper forms to track\Npeople who come into clinics.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.00,0:03:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have paper forms to track\Ndrug supplies, blood supplies --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.00,0:03:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all these different paper forms\Nfor many different topics,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.00,0:03:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they all have a single, common endpoint,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.00,0:03:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the common endpoint\Nlooks something like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.00,0:03:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what we're looking\Nat here is a truckful of data.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.00,0:03:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the data from a single\Nvaccination coverage survey
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.00,0:03:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a single district\Nin the country of Zambia
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.00,0:03:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a few years ago,\Nthat I participated in.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.00,0:03:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only thing anyone\Nwas trying to find out
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.00,0:03:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is what percentage of Zambian\Nchildren are vaccinated,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.00,0:03:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is the data,\Ncollected on paper over weeks,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.00,0:03:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a single district,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.00,0:04:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is something like a county\Nin the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.00,0:04:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can imagine that,\Nfor the entire country of Zambia,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.00,0:04:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,answering just that single question ...
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.00,0:04:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looks something like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.00,0:04:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Truck after truck after truck,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.00,0:04:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,filled with stack after stack\Nafter stack of data.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.00,0:04:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what makes it even worse\Nis that's just the beginning.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.00,0:04:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because once you've collected\Nall that data,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.00,0:04:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of course, someone --\Nsome unfortunate person --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.00,0:04:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is going to have to type that\Ninto a computer.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.00,0:04:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was a graduate student,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.00,0:04:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I actually was that unfortunate\Nperson sometimes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.00,0:04:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can tell you, I often wasn't\Nreally paying attention.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.00,0:04:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I probably made a lot\Nof mistakes when I did it
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.00,0:04:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that no one ever discovered,\Nso data quality goes down.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.00,0:04:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But eventually that data, hopefully,\Ngets typed into a computer,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.00,0:04:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and someone can begin to analyze it,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.00,0:04:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and once they have\Nan analysis and a report,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.00,0:04:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hopefully, then you can take\Nthe results of that data collection
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.00,0:04:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and use it to vaccinate children better.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.00,0:04:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because if there's anything worse\Nin the field of global public health --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.00,0:04:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know what's worse\Nthan allowing children on this planet
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.00,0:05:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to die of vaccine-preventable diseases --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.00,0:05:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diseases for which\Nthe vaccine costs a dollar.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.00,0:05:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And millions of children die\Nof these diseases every year.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.00,0:05:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the fact is, millions\Nis a gross estimate,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.00,0:05:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we don't really know\Nhow many kids die each year of this.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.00,0:05:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What makes it even more frustrating\Nis that the data-entry part,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.00,0:05:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the part that I used to do\Nas a grad student,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.00,0:05:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can take sometimes six months.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.00,0:05:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes it can take two years\Nto type that information into a computer,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.00,0:05:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And sometimes, actually not infrequently,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.00,0:05:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it actually never happens.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.00,0:05:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now try and wrap your head\Naround that for a second.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.00,0:05:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You just had teams of hundreds of people.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.00,0:05:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They went out into the field\Nto answer a particular question.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.00,0:05:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You probably spent hundreds\Nof thousands of dollars
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.00,0:05:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on fuel and photocopying and per diem.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.00,0:05:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then for some reason, momentum is lost
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.00,0:05:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or there's no money left,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.00,0:05:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all of that comes to nothing,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.00,0:05:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because no one actually types it\Ninto the computer at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.00,0:05:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The process just stops.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.00,0:05:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Happens all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.00,0:05:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what we base\Nour decisions on in global health:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.00,0:06:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,little data, old data, no data.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.00,0:06:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So back in 1995,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.00,0:06:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I began to think about ways\Nin which we could improve this process.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.00,0:06:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now 1995 -- obviously,\Nthat was quite a long time ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.00,0:06:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It kind of frightens me to think\Nof how long ago that was.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.00,0:06:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The top movie of the year\Nwas "Die Hard with a Vengeance."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.00,0:06:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you can see, Bruce Willis\Nhad a lot more hair back then.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.00,0:06:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was working in the Centers\Nfor Disease Control
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.00,0:06:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I had a lot more\Nhair back then as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.00,0:06:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But to me, the most significant\Nthing that I saw in 1995
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.00,0:06:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was this.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.00,0:06:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hard for us to imagine, but in 1995,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.00,0:06:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this was the ultimate elite mobile device.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.00,0:06:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wasn't an iPhone.\NIt wasn't a Galaxy phone.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.00,0:06:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a PalmPilot.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.00,0:06:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I saw the PalmPilot\Nfor the first time, I thought,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.00,0:06:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Why can't we put the forms\Non these PalmPilots?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.00,0:06:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And go out into the field\Njust carrying one PalmPilot,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.00,0:06:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which can hold the capacity\Nof tens of thousands of paper forms?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.00,0:06:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why don't we try to do that?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.00,0:06:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because if we can do that,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.00,0:06:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we can actually just collect\Nthe data electronically, digitally,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.00,0:07:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the very beginning,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.00,0:07:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can just put a shortcut right\Nthrough that whole process
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.00,0:07:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of typing, of having somebody type\Nthat stuff into the computer.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.00,0:07:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can skip straight to the analysis
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.00,0:07:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then straight to the use\Nof the data to actually save lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.00,0:07:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's what I began to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.00,0:07:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Working at CDC, I began to travel\Nto different programs around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.00,0:07:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to train them in using\NPalmPilots to do data collection,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.00,0:07:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of using paper.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.00,0:07:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it actually worked great.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.00,0:07:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It worked exactly as well\Nas anybody would have predicted.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.00,0:07:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do you know?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.00,0:07:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Digital data collection is actually\Nmore efficient than collecting on paper.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.00,0:07:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While I was doing it, my business partner,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.00,0:07:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rose, who's here with her husband,\NMatthew, here in the audience,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.00,0:07:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rose was out doing similar stuff\Nfor the American Red Cross.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.00,0:07:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem was,\Nafter a few years of doing that,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.00,0:07:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I realized -- I had been to maybe\Nsix or seven programs --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.00,0:07:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I thought, you know,\Nif I keep this up at this pace,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.00,0:07:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over my whole career,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.00,0:07:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe I'm going to go\Nto maybe 20 or 30 programs.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.00,0:08:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the problem is, 20 or 30 programs,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.00,0:08:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like, training 20 or 30 programs\Nto use this technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.00,0:08:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is a tiny drop in the bucket.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.00,0:08:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The demand for this, the need\Nfor data to run better programs
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.00,0:08:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just within health -- not to mention\Nall of the other fields
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.00,0:08:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in developing countries -- is enormous.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.00,0:08:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are millions and millions\Nand millions of programs,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.00,0:08:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,millions of clinics\Nthat need to track drugs,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.00,0:08:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,millions of vaccine programs.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.00,0:08:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are schools\Nthat need to track attendance.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.00,0:08:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are all these different things\Nfor us to get the data that we need to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.00,0:08:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I realized if I kept up\Nthe way that I was doing,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.00,0:08:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was basically hardly\Ngoing to make any impact
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.00,0:08:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the end of my career.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.00,0:08:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I began to rack my brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.00,0:08:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying to think about, what\Nwas the process that I was doing?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.00,0:08:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How was I training folks,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.00,0:08:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what were the bottlenecks\Nand what were the obstacles
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.00,0:08:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to doing it faster\Nand to doing it more efficiently?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.00,0:08:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, unfortunately, after thinking\Nabout this for some time,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.00,0:08:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I identified the main obstacle.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.00,0:09:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the main obstacle, it turned out --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.00,0:09:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is a sad realization --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.00,0:09:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the main obstacle was me.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.00,0:09:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what do I mean by that?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.00,0:09:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had developed a process
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.00,0:09:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereby I was the center\Nof the universe of this technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.00,0:09:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you wanted to use this technology,\Nyou had to get in touch with me.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.00,0:09:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means you had to know I existed.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.00,0:09:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then you had to find the money\Nto pay for me to fly out to your country
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.00,0:09:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the money to pay for my hotel\Nand my per diem and my daily rate.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.00,0:09:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you could be talking\Nabout 10- or 20- or 30,000 dollars,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.00,0:09:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if I actually had the time\Nor it fit my schedule
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.00,0:09:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I wasn't on vacation.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.00,0:09:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The point is that anything,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.00,0:09:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any system that depends\Non a single human being
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.00,0:09:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or two or three or five human beings --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.00,0:09:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it just doesn't scale.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.00,0:09:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is a problem for which\Nwe need to scale this technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.00,0:09:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we need to scale it now.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.00,0:09:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I began to think of ways\Nin which I could basically
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.00,0:09:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take myself out of the picture.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.00,0:09:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, you know, I was thinking,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.00,0:09:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How could I take myself\Nout of the picture?"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.00,0:09:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for quite some time.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.00,0:10:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd been trained that the way\Nyou distribute technology
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.00,0:10:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within international development
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.00,0:10:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is always consultant-based.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.00,0:10:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's always guys\Nthat look pretty much like me,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.00,0:10:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flying from countries\Nthat look pretty much like this
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.00,0:10:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to other countries\Nwith people with darker skin.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.00,0:10:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you go out there,\Nand you spend money on airfare
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.00,0:10:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you spend time and you spend per diem
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.00,0:10:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you spend for a hotel\Nand all that stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.00,0:10:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As far as I knew, that was the only way\Nyou could distribute technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.00,0:10:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I couldn't figure out a way around it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.00,0:10:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the miracle that happened --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.00,0:10:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to call it Hotmail for short.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.00,0:10:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You may not think of Hotmail\Nas being miraculous,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.00,0:10:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for me it was miraculous,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.00,0:10:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I noticed, just as I\Nwas wrestling with this problem --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.00,0:10:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was working in sub-Saharan\NAfrica, mostly, at the time --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.00,0:10:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I noticed that every sub-Saharan\NAfrican health worker
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.00,0:10:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I was working with\Nhad a Hotmail account.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.00,0:10:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it struck me: wait a minute --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.00,0:10:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know the Hotmail people surely didn't\Nfly to the Ministry of Health in Kenya
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.00,0:11:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to train people in how to use Hotmail.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.00,0:11:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these guys are distributing technology,\Ngetting software capacity out there,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.00,0:11:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they're not actually\Nflying around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.00,0:11:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I need to think about this more.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.00,0:11:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While I was thinking about it,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.00,0:11:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people started using even more\Nthings like this, just as we were.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.00,0:11:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They started using LinkedIn and Flickr\Nand Gmail and Google Maps --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.00,0:11:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all these things.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.00,0:11:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, all of these things\Nare cloud based
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.00,0:11:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and don't require any training.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.00,0:11:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't require any programmers.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.00,0:11:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't require consultants.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.00,0:11:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the business model\Nfor all these businesses
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.00,0:11:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,requires that something be so simple\Nwe can use it ourselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.00,0:11:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with little or no training.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.00,0:11:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You just have to hear about it\Nand go to the website.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.00,0:11:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I thought, what would happen\Nif we built software
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.00,0:11:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do what I'd been consulting in?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.00,0:11:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead of training people\Nhow to put forms onto mobile devices,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.00,0:11:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's create software that lets them\Ndo it themselves with no training
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.00,0:11:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and without me being involved.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.00,0:11:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's exactly what we did.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.00,0:11:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we created software called Magpi,\Nwhich has an online form creator.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.00,0:11:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No one has to speak to me,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.00,0:12:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you just have to hear about it\Nand go to the website.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.00,0:12:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can create forms,\Nand once you've created the forms,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.00,0:12:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you push them to a variety\Nof common mobile phones.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.00,0:12:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Obviously, nowadays, we've moved\Npast PalmPilots to mobile phones.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.00,0:12:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it doesn't have to be a smartphone,\Nit can be a basic phone,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.00,0:12:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the phone on the right,\Nthe basic Symbian phone
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.00,0:12:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's very common\Nin developing countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.00,0:12:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the great part about this\Nis it's just like Hotmail.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.00,0:12:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's cloud based,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.00,0:12:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it doesn't require any training,\Nprogramming, consultants.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.00,0:12:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are some\Nadditional benefits as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.00,0:12:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we knew when we built this system,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.00,0:12:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the whole point of it,\Njust like with the PalmPilots,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.00,0:12:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that you'd be able to collect the data
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.00,0:12:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and immediately upload\Nthe data and get your data set.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.00,0:12:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what we found, of course,\Nsince it's already on a computer,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.00,0:12:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can deliver instant maps\Nand analysis and graphing.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.00,0:12:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can take a process that took two years
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.00,0:12:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and compress that\Ndown to the space of five minutes.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.00,0:12:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unbelievable improvements in efficiency.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.00,0:12:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cloud based, no training,\Nno consultants, no me.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.00,0:12:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I told you that in the first few years
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.00,0:13:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of trying to do this\Nthe old-fashioned way,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.00,0:13:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going out to each country,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.00,0:13:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we probably trained about 1,000 people.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.00,0:13:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happened after we did this?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.00,0:13:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the second three years,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.00,0:13:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we had 14,000 people find the website,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.00,0:13:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sign up and start using it\Nto collect data:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.00,0:13:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,data for disaster response,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.00,0:13:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Canadian pig farmers\Ntracking pig disease and pig herds,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.00,0:13:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people tracking drug supplies.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.00,0:13:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of my favorite examples, the IRC,\NInternational Rescue Committee,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.00,0:13:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have a program\Nwhere semi-literate midwives,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.00,0:13:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using $10 mobile phones,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.00,0:13:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,send a text message\Nusing our software, once a week,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.00,0:13:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the number of births\Nand the number of deaths,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.00,0:13:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which gives IRC something that no one\Nin global health has ever had:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.00,0:13:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a near-real-time system\Nof counting babies,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.00,0:13:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of knowing how many kids are born,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.00,0:13:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of knowing how many children\Nthere are in Sierra Leone,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.00,0:13:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the country\Nwhere this is happening,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.00,0:13:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and knowing how many children die.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.00,0:13:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Physicians for Human Rights --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.00,0:13:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is moving a little bit\Noutside the health field --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.00,0:14:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're basically training people\Nto do rape exams in Congo,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.00,0:14:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where this is an epidemic,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.00,0:14:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a horrible epidemic,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.00,0:14:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're using our software\Nto document the evidence they find,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.00,0:14:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including photographically,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.00,0:14:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they can bring\Nthe perpetrators to justice.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.00,0:14:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Camfed, another charity\Nbased out of the UK --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.00,0:14:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Camfed pays girls' families\Nto keep them in school.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.00,0:14:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They understand this is the most\Nsignificant intervention they can make.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.00,0:14:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They used to track the disbursements,\Nthe attendance, the grades, on paper.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.00,0:14:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The turnaround time between a teacher\Nwriting down grades or attendance
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.00,0:14:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and getting that into a report\Nwas about two to three years.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.00,0:14:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now it's real time.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.00,0:14:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And because this is such a low-cost\Nsystem and based in the cloud,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.00,0:14:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it costs, for the entire five countries\Nthat Camfed runs this in,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.00,0:14:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with tens of thousands of girls,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.00,0:14:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the whole cost combined\Nis 10,000 dollars a year.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.00,0:14:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's less than I used to get
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.00,0:14:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just traveling out for two weeks\Nto do a consultation.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.00,0:15:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I told you before that when\Nwe were doing it the old-fashioned way,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.00,0:15:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I realized all of our work was really\Nadding up to just a drop in the bucket --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.00,0:15:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,10, 20, 30 different programs.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.00,0:15:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've made a lot of progress,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.00,0:15:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I recognize that right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.00,0:15:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even the work that we've done\Nwith 14,000 people using this
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.00,0:15:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is still a drop in the bucket.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.00,0:15:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But something's changed,\Nand I think it should be obvious.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.00,0:15:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's changed now is,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.00,0:15:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of having a program\Nin which we're scaling at such a slow rate
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.00,0:15:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can never reach\Nall the people who need us,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.00,0:15:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've made it unnecessary\Nfor people to get reached by us.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.00,0:15:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've created a tool\Nthat lets programs keep kids in school,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.00,0:15:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,track the number of babies that are born\Nand the number of babies that die,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.00,0:15:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,catch criminals and successfully\Nprosecute them --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.00,0:15:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do all these different things\Nto learn more about what's going on,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.00,0:15:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to understand more,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.00,0:15:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see more ...
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.00,0:15:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to save lives and improve lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.00,0:15:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.00,0:16:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)