[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.47,0:00:02.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As an architect, I often ask myself,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.92,0:00:05.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what is the origin of the forms that we design?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.76,0:00:08.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What kind of forms could we design
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.66,0:00:11.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we wouldn't work with references anymore?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.49,0:00:14.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we had no bias, if we had no preconceptions,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.87,0:00:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what kind of forms could we design
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.08,0:00:18.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we could free ourselves from
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.68,0:00:20.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our experience?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.82,0:00:25.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we could free ourselves from our education?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.55,0:00:28.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would these unseen forms look like?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.58,0:00:32.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would they surprise us? Would they intrigue us?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.29,0:00:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would they delight us?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.70,0:00:38.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If so, then how can we go about creating something that is truly new?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.62,0:00:41.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I propose we look to nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.02,0:00:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nature has been called the greatest architect of forms.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.28,0:00:48.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm not saying that we should copy nature,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.87,0:00:51.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not saying we should mimic biology,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.25,0:00:54.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead I propose that we can borrow nature's processes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.70,0:00:59.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can abstract them and to create something that is new.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.15,0:01:03.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nature's main process of creation, morphogenesis,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.03,0:01:06.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the splitting of one cell into two cells.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.86,0:01:08.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these cells can either be identical,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.91,0:01:11.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or they can be distinct from each other
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.09,0:01:13.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through asymmetric cell division.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.15,0:01:16.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we abstract this process, and simplify it as much as possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.95,0:01:19.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we could start with a single sheet of paper,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.18,0:01:21.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one surface, and we could make a fold
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.68,0:01:24.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and divide the surface into two surfaces.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.62,0:01:26.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're free to choose where we make the fold.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.88,0:01:31.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by doing so, we can differentiate the surfaces.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.79,0:01:33.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Through this very simple process,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.68,0:01:37.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can create an astounding variety of forms.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.30,0:01:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, we can take this form and use the same process
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.02,0:01:42.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to generate three-dimensional structures,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.01,0:01:44.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but rather than folding things by hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.42,0:01:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll bring the structure into the computer,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.00,0:01:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and code it as an algorithm.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.98,0:01:52.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in doing so, we can suddenly fold anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.99,0:01:55.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can fold a million times faster,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.15,0:01:58.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can fold in hundreds and hundreds of variations.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.31,0:02:00.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as we're seeking to make something three-dimensional,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.79,0:02:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we start not with a single surface, but with a volume.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.00,0:02:05.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A simple volume, the cube.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.36,0:02:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we take its surfaces and fold them
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.08,0:02:09.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,again and again and again and again,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.13,0:02:11.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then after 16 iterations, 16 steps,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.100,0:02:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we end up with 400,000 surfaces and a shape that looks,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.84,0:02:18.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for instance, like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.38,0:02:21.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we change where we make the folds,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.09,0:02:22.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we change the folding ratio,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.73,0:02:26.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then this cube turns into this one.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.16,0:02:30.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can change the folding ratio again to produce this shape,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.30,0:02:32.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or this shape.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.12,0:02:33.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we exert control over the form
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.74,0:02:37.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by specifying the position of where we're making the fold,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.25,0:02:41.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but essentially you're looking at a folded cube.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.96,0:02:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can play with this.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.02,0:02:45.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can apply different folding ratios to different parts
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.64,0:02:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the form to create local conditions.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.38,0:02:50.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can begin to sculpt the form.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.32,0:02:53.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And because we're doing the folding on the computer,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.21,0:02:56.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are completely free of any physical constraints.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.91,0:02:59.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that means that surfaces can intersect themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.86,0:03:01.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can become impossibly small.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.35,0:03:04.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can make folds that we otherwise could not make.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.95,0:03:06.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Surfaces can become porous.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.83,0:03:09.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can stretch. They can tear.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.56,0:03:14.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all of this expounds the scope of forms that we can produce.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.19,0:03:16.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in each case, I didn't design the form.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.94,0:03:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I designed the process that generated the form.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.54,0:03:26.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In general, if we make a small change to the folding ratio,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.03,0:03:27.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is what you're seeing here,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.62,0:03:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then the form changes correspondingly.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.40,0:03:33.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that's only half of the story --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.65,0:03:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,99.9 percent of the folding ratios produce not this,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.98,0:03:42.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this, the geometric equivalent of noise.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.87,0:03:44.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The forms that I showed before were made actually
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.99,0:03:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through very long trial and error.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.64,0:03:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A far more effective way to create forms, I have found,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.86,0:03:53.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to use information that is already contained in forms.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.74,0:03:56.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A very simple form such as this one actually contains
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.40,0:03:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of information that may not be visible to the human eye.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.99,0:04:02.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, for instance, we can plot the length of the edges.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.47,0:04:05.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,White surfaces have long edges, black ones have short ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.81,0:04:09.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can plot the planarity of the surfaces, their curvature,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.38,0:04:13.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how radial they are -- all information that may not be
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.47,0:04:15.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instantly visible to you,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.42,0:04:17.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that we can bring out, that we can articulate,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.84,0:04:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that we can use to control the folding.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.22,0:04:23.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now I'm not specifying a single
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.18,0:04:25.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ratio anymore to fold it,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.36,0:04:27.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but instead I'm establishing a rule,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.91,0:04:30.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm establishing a link between a property of a surface
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.34,0:04:33.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how that surface is folded.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.32,0:04:36.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And because I've designed the process and not the form,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.27,0:04:38.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can run the process again and again and again
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.59,0:04:41.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to produce a whole family of forms.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.38,0:04:57.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These forms look elaborate, but the process is a very minimal one.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.83,0:04:58.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a simple input,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.96,0:05:00.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's always a cube that I start with,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.91,0:05:04.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's a very simple operation -- it's making a fold,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.48,0:05:08.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and doing this over and over again.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.44,0:05:10.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's bring this process to architecture.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.72,0:05:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How? And at what scale?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.32,0:05:14.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I chose to design a column.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.04,0:05:17.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Columns are architectural archetypes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.42,0:05:20.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They've been used throughout history to express ideals
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.49,0:05:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about beauty, about technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.56,0:05:27.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A challenge to me was how we could express
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.48,0:05:30.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this new algorithmic order in a column.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.78,0:05:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I started using four cylinders.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.76,0:05:37.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Through a lot of experimentation, these cylinders
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.54,0:05:40.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eventually evolved into this.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.68,0:05:45.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these columns, they have information at very many scales.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.29,0:05:47.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can begin to zoom into them.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.81,0:05:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The closer one gets, the more new features one discovers.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.36,0:05:55.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some formations are almost at the threshold of human visibility.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.04,0:05:56.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And unlike traditional architecture,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.99,0:05:59.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a single process that creates both the overall form
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.77,0:06:05.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the microscopic surface detail.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.12,0:06:07.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These forms are undrawable.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.81,0:06:11.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An architect who's drawing them with a pen and a paper
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.18,0:06:12.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would probably take months,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.98,0:06:15.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or it would take even a year to draw all the sections,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.36,0:06:17.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of the elevations, you can only create something like this
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.66,0:06:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through an algorithm.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.80,0:06:21.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The more interesting question, perhaps, is,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.83,0:06:24.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are these forms imaginable?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.46,0:06:27.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Usually, an architect can somehow envision the end state
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.10,0:06:28.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what he is designing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.96,0:06:31.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this case, the process is deterministic.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.79,0:06:34.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no randomness involved at all,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.14,0:06:36.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's not entirely predictable.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.15,0:06:37.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's too many surfaces,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.73,0:06:41.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's too much detail, one can't see the end state.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.34,0:06:44.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this leads to a new role for the architect.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.55,0:06:48.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One needs a new method to explore all of the possibilities
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.16,0:06:49.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.94,0:06:53.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For one thing, one can design many variants of a form,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.17,0:06:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in parallel, and one can cultivate them.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.38,0:06:57.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to go back to the analogy with nature,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.63,0:07:00.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one can begin to think in terms of populations,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.13,0:07:03.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one can talk about permutations, about generations,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.66,0:07:08.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about crossing and breeding to come up with a design.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.52,0:07:10.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the architect is really, he moves into the position
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.90,0:07:14.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of being an orchestrator of all of these processes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.34,0:07:16.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But enough of the theory.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.68,0:07:19.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At one point I simply wanted to jump inside
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.21,0:07:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this image, so to say, I bought these red and blue
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.04,0:07:25.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,3D glasses, got up very close to the screen,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.97,0:07:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but still that wasn't the same as being able to
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.04,0:07:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,walk around and touch things.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.40,0:07:32.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there was only one possibility --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.30,0:07:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to bring the column out of the computer.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.40,0:07:38.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's been a lot of talk now about 3D printing.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.32,0:07:41.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For me, or for my purpose at this moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.28,0:07:44.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's still too much of an unfavorable tradeoff
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.36,0:07:51.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between scale, on the one hand, and resolution and speed, on the other.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.14,0:07:53.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So instead, we decided to take the column,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.40,0:07:55.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we decided to build it as a layered model,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.84,0:07:59.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made out of very many slices, thinly stacked over each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.96,0:08:01.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you're looking at here is an X-ray
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.86,0:08:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the column that you just saw, viewed from the top.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.64,0:08:06.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unbeknownst to me at the time,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.64,0:08:09.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we had only seen the outside,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.01,0:08:11.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the surfaces were continuing to fold themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.17,0:08:13.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to grow on the inside of the column,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.44,0:08:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was quite a surprising discovery.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.98,0:08:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From this shape, we calculated a cutting line,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.60,0:08:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we gave this cutting line to a laser cutter
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.62,0:08:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to produce -- and you're seeing a segment of it here --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.44,0:08:31.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very many thin slices, individually cut, on top of each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.48,0:08:36.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is a photo now, it's not a rendering,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.29,0:08:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the column that we ended up with
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.09,0:08:41.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after a lot of work, ended up looking remarkably like the one
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.14,0:08:44.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we had designed in the computer.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.85,0:08:46.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost all of the details, almost all of the
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.97,0:08:50.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,surface intricacies were preserved.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.63,0:08:54.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it was very labor intensive.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.97,0:08:57.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a huge disconnect at the moment still
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.37,0:09:00.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the virtual and the physical.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.13,0:09:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It took me several months to design the column,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.26,0:09:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but ultimately it takes the computer about 30 seconds
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.98,0:09:07.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to calculate all of the 16 million faces.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.82,0:09:09.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The physical model, on the other hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.79,0:09:13.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is 2,700 layers, one millimeter thick,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.99,0:09:18.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it weighs 700 kilos, it's made of sheet that can cover
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.14,0:09:20.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this entire auditorium.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.28,0:09:22.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the cutting path that the laser followed
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.37,0:09:27.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,goes from here to the airport and back again.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.48,0:09:29.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it is increasingly possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.23,0:09:31.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Machines are getting faster, it's getting less expensive,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.84,0:09:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's some promising technological developments
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.60,0:09:36.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just on the horizon.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.39,0:09:39.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are images from the Gwangju Biennale.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.46,0:09:42.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in this case, I used ABS plastic to produce the columns,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.98,0:09:44.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we used the bigger, faster machine,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.84,0:09:47.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they have a steel core inside, so they're structural,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.89,0:09:50.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can bear loads for once.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.87,0:09:52.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each column is effectively a hybrid of two columns.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.88,0:09:56.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see a different column in the mirror,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.29,0:09:58.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if there's a mirror behind the column
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.34,0:10:01.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that creates a sort of an optical illusion.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.43,0:10:03.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So where does this leave us?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.26,0:10:07.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think this project gives us a glimpse of the unseen objects that await us
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.73,0:10:11.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we as architects begin to think about designing not the object,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.61,0:10:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but a process to generate objects.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.01,0:10:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've shown one simple process that was inspired by nature;
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.28,0:10:21.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's countless other ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.13,0:10:24.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In short, we have no constraints.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.57,0:10:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, we have processes in our hands right now
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.14,0:10:32.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that allow us to create structures at all scales
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.72,0:10:35.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we couldn't even have dreamt up.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.76,0:10:40.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, if I may add, at one point we will build them.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.58,0:10:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you. (Applause)