1 00:00:05,504 --> 00:00:07,398 當我仲係一個細路仔 2 00:00:07,398 --> 00:00:10,959 核戰係我哋最擔心嘅災難 3 00:00:11,819 --> 00:00:15,085 於是我哋喺地下室擺咗一個桶 4 00:00:15,085 --> 00:00:17,656 桶裡面裝住好多罐頭同埋水 5 00:00:18,256 --> 00:00:19,901 假如核戰爆發 6 00:00:19,901 --> 00:00:24,637 我哋就落去地下室匿埋 然後靠果個桶維生 7 00:00:25,877 --> 00:00:29,597 當今世上風險最大既災難 8 00:00:29,597 --> 00:00:32,457 唔係呢個 9 00:00:32,457 --> 00:00:35,238 而係呢個 10 00:00:36,438 --> 00:00:41,929 假如有樣野可以係喺未來幾十年 殺死超過一千萬人 11 00:00:41,929 --> 00:00:45,314 最有可能嘅就係傳染性極高嘅病毒 12 00:00:45,314 --> 00:00:47,792 而並非戰爭 13 00:00:47,792 --> 00:00:51,679 唔係導彈,而係微生物 14 00:00:51,679 --> 00:00:55,081 部分原因係因為我哋投入左 15 00:00:55,081 --> 00:00:57,901 巨大嘅資源喺核武 16 00:00:57,901 --> 00:01:03,969 相比之下,我哋投放好少資源落去 一個預防疫情爆發嘅機制上 17 00:01:03,969 --> 00:01:07,723 我哋仲未準備好應對 下一次嘅疫情 18 00:01:08,023 --> 00:01:09,418 睇下伊波拉 19 00:01:09,418 --> 00:01:13,655 我相信你哋所有人都喺報紙上面 睇過關於佢嘅報道 20 00:01:13,655 --> 00:01:16,811 對付病毒嗰陣出現過好多好嚴峻嘅挑戰 21 00:01:16,811 --> 00:01:21,636 我曾經用一個用嚟追查 脊髓灰質炎根治情況嘅方法 22 00:01:21,636 --> 00:01:23,721 去分析伊波拉疫情 23 00:01:23,721 --> 00:01:25,573 從事件嘅發展我哋睇度 24 00:01:25,573 --> 00:01:30,081 問題唔係機制運作唔好 25 00:01:30,081 --> 00:01:33,649 而係我哋根本冇一個機制去應對伊波拉 26 00:01:34,589 --> 00:01:39,028 事實上係有一啲幾明顯嘅漏洞 27 00:01:39,028 --> 00:01:43,940 我們冇一班隨時候命嘅流行病學家 28 00:01:43,940 --> 00:01:47,696 喺傳染病爆發嗰陣去研究 個病毒本身屬性係點,傳播規模有幾大 29 00:01:47,696 --> 00:01:50,452 病例報告雖然以書面形式發表 30 00:01:50,452 --> 00:01:52,808 但好耐之後佢哋先至放上網 31 00:01:52,808 --> 00:01:55,422 啲報告仲要係好唔準確 32 00:01:55,422 --> 00:01:57,858 我哋冇一班隨時候命嘅醫療隊伍 33 00:01:57,858 --> 00:02:00,453 我哋冇辦法招募到人員 34 00:02:00,453 --> 00:02:05,784 無國界醫生喺組織志願者方面 貢獻咗好多 35 00:02:05,784 --> 00:02:08,880 即使係咁,我哋仍然比應有嘅步伐慢 36 00:02:08,880 --> 00:02:12,172 我哋宜家喺呢啲有疫情嘅國家度 應該要有幾千個人員 37 00:02:12,172 --> 00:02:19,007 當有大規模疫情嘅時候 更加需要幾十萬嘅人員 38 00:02:20,752 --> 00:02:25,155 冇人試過睇下治療方法 39 00:02:25,155 --> 00:02:26,946 冇人留意過診斷方式 40 00:02:26,946 --> 00:02:30,243 冇人試過探討用咩工具 41 00:02:30,243 --> 00:02:33,723 舉例,我哋可以抽取康復者嘅血液 42 00:02:33,723 --> 00:02:39,158 處理過之後 將血清注入番佢哋度去保護佢哋 43 00:02:39,158 --> 00:02:41,764 但冇人試過咁做 44 00:02:41,764 --> 00:02:43,520 所以,真係有好多地方做得不足 45 00:02:43,520 --> 00:02:47,415 呢啲就係全球既失敗 46 00:02:48,305 --> 00:02:53,873 世界衛生組織本身就係去監控疫情 但偏偏佢哋從來都冇做過 47 00:02:55,049 --> 00:02:57,842 喺電影裡面,情況就唔一樣 48 00:02:57,842 --> 00:03:02,674 裡面有一班隨時準備就緒嘅流行病學家 49 00:03:02,674 --> 00:03:08,446 佢哋介入,拯救咗全世界 不過呢啲只係電影情節 50 00:03:10,177 --> 00:03:13,977 準備不足可以令下一個傳染病隨時爆發 51 00:03:13,977 --> 00:03:17,695 傷害程度可能比伊波拉更大 52 00:03:18,735 --> 00:03:23,531 睇下今年伊波拉疫情嘅演變 53 00:03:24,311 --> 00:03:27,149 有大約一萬人死亡 54 00:03:27,149 --> 00:03:31,846 幾乎全部都係黎自西非三個國家 55 00:03:31,846 --> 00:03:34,433 疫情之所以冇進一步擴大 原因有三個 56 00:03:34,433 --> 00:03:38,874 第一個原因係 有好多英勇既醫護人員喺度奮鬥 57 00:03:38,874 --> 00:03:42,136 佢哋發現患者之後 就第一時間阻止疫情傳開 58 00:03:42,136 --> 00:03:44,621 第二就係病毒本身嘅特性 59 00:03:44,621 --> 00:03:47,697 伊波拉唔會經空氣傳播 60 00:03:47,697 --> 00:03:49,810 當你具備高傳染性嘅時候 61 00:03:49,810 --> 00:03:52,910 大多數人因為病得好嚴重 要訓喺張床度 62 00:03:54,220 --> 00:03:58,411 第三,病毒冇傳到去多個城市 63 00:03:58,411 --> 00:04:00,115 呢個只係好彩 64 00:04:00,115 --> 00:04:02,355 如果病毒擴散到更多城市 65 00:04:02,355 --> 00:04:05,877 病例數目就會多好多 66 00:04:05,877 --> 00:04:09,466 下次我哋未必會咁好彩 67 00:04:09,466 --> 00:04:14,530 一個人可以帶住病毒但又冇事 68 00:04:14,530 --> 00:04:17,842 只要呢個人上機或者去街市 都可以將病毒傳開去 69 00:04:17,842 --> 00:04:20,846 病毒嘅源頭可以係自然既流行病 好似伊波拉咁 70 00:04:20,846 --> 00:04:22,826 亦可以係黎自生物恐怖主義 71 00:04:22,826 --> 00:04:27,474 所以,事情往往可以造成千倍更大嘅傷害 72 00:04:27,474 --> 00:04:33,475 我地一齊黎睇一個 病毒經空氣傳播嘅模型 73 00:04:33,475 --> 00:04:37,950 就好似 1918 年西班牙流感病毒咁 74 00:04:37,950 --> 00:04:39,560 當時係嘅 75 00:04:39,560 --> 00:04:43,558 嗰次流感喺世界傳播得非常之快 76 00:04:43,558 --> 00:04:48,683 大約有三千萬死於呢場疫症 77 00:04:48,683 --> 00:04:50,496 嗰次疫症真係好嚴重 78 00:04:50,496 --> 00:04:52,257 我哋必須多加關注 79 00:04:52,257 --> 00:04:56,692 不過,其實 我哋係可以建立一個完善嘅應變系統 80 00:04:56,692 --> 00:05:01,836 科學同科技帶比大家嘅好處 我哋已經喺度講過 81 00:05:01,836 --> 00:05:02,883 我哋都有手機 82 00:05:02,883 --> 00:05:06,140 可以接收大眾資訊 亦可以向公眾發放訊息 83 00:05:06,140 --> 00:05:10,319 我哋可以透衛星地圖睇到 啲人嘅位置同佢哋行緊去邊 84 00:05:10,319 --> 00:05:12,627 人類喺生物學上取得嘅成果 85 00:05:12,627 --> 00:05:16,453 應該可以俾人 有更多時間去尋找致病源 86 00:05:16,453 --> 00:05:21,322 去研製藥物同疫苗黎對付致病源 87 00:05:21,322 --> 00:05:23,208 因此,我哋係有工具 88 00:05:23,208 --> 00:05:27,500 但呢啲工具需要用喺全球衛生體系嗰度 89 00:05:27,500 --> 00:05:29,913 仲有一樣野,就係我哋需要準備 90 00:05:29,913 --> 00:05:32,257 我認為,所謂嘅準備好 91 00:05:32,257 --> 00:05:34,758 其實就同打仗冇分別 92 00:05:34,758 --> 00:05:39,005 士兵整束待發 93 00:05:39,005 --> 00:05:42,316 大批後備軍隊支援 94 00:05:42,316 --> 00:05:46,005 北約有一個可以迅速部署嘅部隊 95 00:05:46,005 --> 00:05:49,455 北約舉行好多嘅演習 確保軍隊訓綀有素 96 00:05:49,455 --> 00:05:51,883 例如佢哋熟唔熟悉燃料同行動 97 00:05:51,883 --> 00:05:54,241 通訊用嘅頻率係唔係一樣 98 00:05:54,241 --> 00:05:56,779 務求佢哋係準備就緒 99 00:05:56,779 --> 00:06:01,134 所以呢啲都係我哋應對疫情既問題 100 00:06:01,134 --> 00:06:03,301 咁關鍵係嘜? 101 00:06:03,301 --> 00:06:08,591 首先,貧窮國家需要有規模嘅衛生體系 102 00:06:08,591 --> 00:06:11,778 可以俾母親安全生產 103 00:06:11,778 --> 00:06:13,295 細路可以接種疫苗 104 00:06:13,295 --> 00:06:17,634 但係,喺我哋將會見到 最先出現疫情既地方 105 00:06:17,654 --> 00:06:19,935 我哋需要一支醫療嘅後備團隊 106 00:06:19,935 --> 00:06:22,391 由大量從事醫療行業 受過相關訓綀 107 00:06:22,391 --> 00:06:25,853 同時有經驗、可以隨時就緒嘅人擔當職務 108 00:06:25,853 --> 00:06:30,266 跟住需要醫護人員同軍隊合作 109 00:06:30,266 --> 00:06:33,797 借助軍隊去快速應變 110 00:06:33,797 --> 00:06:36,220 去支援成個行動,以及封鎖疫區 111 00:06:36,220 --> 00:06:38,959 我哋需要進行模擬運算 112 00:06:38,959 --> 00:06:41,767 我指嘅係細菌模擬爆發嘅測試 而唔係軍事演習 113 00:06:41,767 --> 00:06:43,927 咁樣先可以發現邊度有漏洞 114 00:06:43,927 --> 00:06:46,723 最近一次喺美國進行嘅細菌模擬爆發測試 115 00:06:46,723 --> 00:06:50,443 係喺 2001 年 不過嗰次進行嘚得唔係好順利 116 00:06:50,453 --> 00:06:55,490 嗰次,細菌同人類嘅比分係 1:0 117 00:06:55,490 --> 00:07:01,409 最後,我哋喺疫苗同診斷方面需要有大量嘅研發 118 00:07:01,409 --> 00:07:05,726 例如喺腺相關嘅病毒研究方面就有 一啲重大嘅突破 119 00:07:05,726 --> 00:07:09,229 研究出黎嘅疫苗可以快速起到作用 120 00:07:09,229 --> 00:07:12,449 雖然我唔知確實既預算將會係幾多 121 00:07:12,449 --> 00:07:14,095 但我可以好肯定咁話 122 00:07:14,095 --> 00:07:17,095 相比於潛在危害,呢個開支係細好多 123 00:07:17,095 --> 00:07:21,740 世界銀行預測,假如全球流感大爆發 124 00:07:21,740 --> 00:07:25,465 全球財富將會唔見三兆億美元 125 00:07:25,465 --> 00:07:29,332 會有幾百萬人死亡 126 00:07:29,332 --> 00:07:32,317 健康科學嘅投資會帶黎好多好處 127 00:07:32,317 --> 00:07:34,518 唔單止係預防疫情爆發 128 00:07:34,518 --> 00:07:36,982 基本醫療、研發 129 00:07:36,982 --> 00:07:39,812 呢啲都會減低全球衛生嘅平等性 130 00:07:39,812 --> 00:07:43,502 令世界變得更公平更安全 131 00:07:43,502 --> 00:07:47,454 所以我認為呢樣野絕對係首要考慮既事情 132 00:07:47,464 --> 00:07:48,980 大家冇必要恐慌 133 00:07:48,980 --> 00:07:53,469 我哋其實唔需要喺地下室 囤積好多意大利麵嘅罐頭 134 00:07:53,469 --> 00:07:57,309 但係我哋要立即行動 因為時間唔到我哋控制 135 00:07:57,309 --> 00:08:03,524 事實上,假如我哋要正面睇伊波拉疫情 136 00:08:03,524 --> 00:08:09,330 就會知道伊波拉其實係一個警號 話俾人類知要未雨綢謬 137 00:08:09,330 --> 00:08:11,868 如果大家從宜家就開始行動 138 00:08:11,868 --> 00:08:15,198 我哋就可以準備好 迎接下一個可能發生嘅症情 139 00:08:15,198 --> 00:08:16,744 多謝 140 00:08:16,744 --> 00:08:19,398 (掌聲)