[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.54,0:00:03.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My work focuses on the connection of
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.05,0:00:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both thinking about our community life
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.56,0:00:08.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being part of the environment
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.22,0:00:10.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where architecture grows from the natural
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.51,0:00:13.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,local conditions and traditions.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.98,0:00:16.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today I brought two recent projects
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.13,0:00:18.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as an example of this.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.40,0:00:20.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both projects are in emerging countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.48,0:00:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one in Ethiopia and another one in Tunisia.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.52,0:00:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also they have in common
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.28,0:00:28.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the different analyses from different perspectives
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.31,0:00:32.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,becomes an essential part of the final piece of architecture.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.89,0:00:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first example started with an invitation
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.63,0:00:37.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to design a multistory shopping mall
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.66,0:00:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Ethiopia's capital city Addis Ababa.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.96,0:00:42.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is the type of building
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.26,0:00:45.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we were shown as an example, to my team and myself,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.08,0:00:47.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what we had to design.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.25,0:00:49.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At first, the first thing I thought was,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.32,0:00:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to run away.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.27,0:00:53.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.33,0:00:55.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After seeing a few of these buildings --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.64,0:00:57.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are many in the city --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.44,0:01:00.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we realized that they have three very big points.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.88,0:01:02.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, these buildings, they are almost empty
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.98,0:01:04.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they have very large shops
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.76,0:01:07.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where people cannot afford to buy things.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.73,0:01:10.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second, they need tons of energy to perform
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.57,0:01:12.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of the skin treatment with glass
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.74,0:01:14.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that creates heat in the inside,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.71,0:01:16.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you need a lot of cooling.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.35,0:01:18.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a city where this shouldn't happen
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.31,0:01:20.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they have really mild weather
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.20,0:01:23.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that ranges from 20 to 25 degrees the whole year.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.95,0:01:27.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And third is that their image has nothing to do
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.14,0:01:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Africa and with Ethiopia.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.30,0:01:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a pity in a place that has such rich culture and traditions.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.90,0:01:37.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also during our first visit to Ethiopia,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.72,0:01:39.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was really captivated by the old merkato
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.85,0:01:42.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is this open-air structure
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.03,0:01:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where thousands of people, they go and buy things
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.92,0:01:46.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every day from small vendors.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.29,0:01:48.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also it has this idea of the public space
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.57,0:01:51.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that uses the outdoors to create activity.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.82,0:01:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I thought, this is what I really want to design,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.18,0:01:56.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not a shopping mall.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.97,0:02:00.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the question was how we could do a multistory,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.25,0:02:03.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contemporary building with these principles.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.14,0:02:05.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next challenge was when we looked at the site,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.60,0:02:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is, in a really growing area of the city,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.14,0:02:10.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where most of these buildings that you see in the image,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.63,0:02:12.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were not there.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.23,0:02:14.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's also between two parallel streets
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.90,0:02:17.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that don't have any connection for hundreds of meters.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.27,0:02:20.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the first thing we did was to create a connection
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.66,0:02:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between these two streets,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.40,0:02:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,putting all the entrances of the building.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.60,0:02:27.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this extends with an inclined atrium
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.38,0:02:29.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that creates an open-air space in the building
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.71,0:02:32.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that self-protects itself with its own shape
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.44,0:02:34.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the sun and the rain.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.24,0:02:35.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And around this void
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.90,0:02:39.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we placed this idea of the market with small shops,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.20,0:02:42.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that change in each floor because of the shape of the void.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.97,0:02:45.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also thought, how to close the building?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.24,0:02:47.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I really wanted to find a solution
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.15,0:02:50.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would respond to the local climate conditions.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.62,0:02:52.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I started thinking about the textile
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.72,0:02:54.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a shell made of concrete
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.60,0:02:58.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with perforations that would let the air in,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.18,0:03:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also the light, but in a filtered way.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.80,0:03:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the inspiration came from these beautiful \Npatterns of the Ethiopian women's dresses.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.60,0:03:08.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That they have fractal geometry properties
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.78,0:03:10.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this helped me to shape the whole facade.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.91,0:03:12.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we are building that
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.51,0:03:14.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with these small prefabricated pieces
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.66,0:03:18.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are the windows that let the air and the light
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.09,0:03:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a controlled way inside the building.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.08,0:03:22.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is complemented by these small colored glasses
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.46,0:03:25.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that use the light from the inside of the building
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.06,0:03:27.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to light up the building at night.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.95,0:03:32.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With these ideas it was not easy first to convince the developers
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.07,0:03:33.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they were like,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.22,0:03:35.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"This is not a shopping mall. We didn't ask for that."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.91,0:03:41.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then we all realized that this idea of the market
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.72,0:03:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happened to be a lot more profitable than the idea of the shopping mall
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.50,0:03:47.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because basically they had more shops to sell.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.22,0:03:51.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also that the idea of the facade was much, much cheaper,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.29,0:03:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only because of the material compared with the glass,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.52,0:03:56.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also because we didn't need to have air conditioning anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.20,0:03:58.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we created some budget savings
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.36,0:04:00.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we used to implement the project.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.26,0:04:02.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the first implementation was to think
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.19,0:04:05.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how we could make the building self-sufficient in terms of energy
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.43,0:04:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a city that has electricity cuts almost every day.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.76,0:04:12.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we created a huge asset by placing photovoltaics there on the roof.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.98,0:04:15.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then under those panels
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.06,0:04:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we thought about the roof like a new public space with gathering areas and bars
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.80,0:04:21.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would create this urban oasis.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.61,0:04:23.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these porches on the roof,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.40,0:04:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all together they collect the water to reuse for sanitation on the inside.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.14,0:04:33.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hopefully by the beginning of next year, because we are already on the fifth floor of the construction.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.30,0:04:36.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second example is a master plan
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.36,0:04:39.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of 2,000 apartments and facilities in the city of Tunis.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.64,0:04:43.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for doing such a big project, the biggest project I've ever designed,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.57,0:04:45.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I really needed to understand the city of Tunis,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.83,0:04:49.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also its surroundings and the tradition and culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.96,0:04:53.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During that analysis I paid special attention to the medina
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.06,0:04:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is this 1,000-year-old structure that used to be closed by a wall,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.04,0:05:01.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opened by twelve different gates, connected by almost straight lines.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.49,0:05:05.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I went to the site, the first design operation we did
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.86,0:05:09.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was to extend the existing streets, creating 12 initial blocks
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.88,0:05:13.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,similar in size and characteristics to the ones we have in Barcelona
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.06,0:05:16.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other cities in Europe with these courtyards.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.05,0:05:18.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On top of that, we selected some strategic points
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.84,0:05:22.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reminded of this idea of the gates and connecting them by straight lines,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.04,0:05:24.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this modified this initial pattern.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.81,0:05:27.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the last operation was to think about the cell,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.26,0:05:29.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the small cell of the project, like the apartment,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.95,0:05:31.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as an essential part of the master plan.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.73,0:05:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for that I thought, what would be the best orientation
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.90,0:05:37.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Mediterranean climate for an apartment?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.20,0:05:41.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's north-south, because it creates a thermal difference between both sides of the house
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.96,0:05:44.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then a natural ventilation.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.83,0:05:48.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we overlap a pattern that makes sure that most of the apartments
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.41,0:05:50.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are perfectly oriented in that direction.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.55,0:05:52.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is the result
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.01,0:05:55.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is almost like a combination of the European block and the Arab city.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.78,0:05:57.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has these blocks with courtyards,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.38,0:05:58.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then on the ground floor
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.50,0:06:00.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have all these connections for the pedestrians.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.63,0:06:03.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also it responds to the local regulations that establish
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.74,0:06:07.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a higher density on the upper levels and a lower density on the ground floor.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.40,0:06:10.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it also reinforces this idea of the gates.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.95,0:06:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The volume has this connecting shape
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.84,0:06:16.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that shades itself with three different types of apartments
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.14,0:06:19.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also lets the light go on the ground floor in a very dense neighborhood
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.79,0:06:22.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the courtyards there are the different facilities,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.69,0:06:24.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as a gym and a kindergarten
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.42,0:06:28.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and close by, a series of commercial [spaces] that bring activity to the ground floor.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.49,0:06:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The roof, which is my favorite space of the project
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.29,0:06:34.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is almost like giving back to the community the space taken by the construction.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.100,0:06:37.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's where all the neighbors, they can go up and socialize,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.28,0:06:40.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and do activities such as having a two-kilometer run in the morning,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.82,0:06:44.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,jumping from one building to another.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.20,0:06:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These two examples,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.56,0:06:49.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have a common approach in the design process.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.94,0:06:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also, they are in emerging countries where you can see
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.52,0:06:54.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the cities literally growing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.67,0:06:59.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In these cities, the impact of architecture in people's lives of today and tomorrow
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.41,0:07:04.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changes the local communities and economies at the same speed as the buildings grow.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.55,0:07:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For this reason, I see even more importance
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.16,0:07:12.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to look at architecture finding simple but affordable solutions
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.19,0:07:16.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that enhance the relationship between the community and the environment
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.25,0:07:20.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that aim to connect nature and people.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.17,0:07:22.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.07,0:07:23.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)