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I love my food.

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And I love information.

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My children usually tell me

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that one of those passions is a little more apparent than the other.

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(Laughter)

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But what I want to do in the next eight minutes or so

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is to take you through how those passions developed,

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the point in my life when the two passions merged,

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the journey of learning that took place from that point.

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And one idea I want to leave you with today

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is what would would happen differently in your life

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if you saw information the way you saw food?

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I was born in Calcutta --

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a family where my father and his father before him

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were journalists,

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and they wrote magazines in the English language.

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That was the family business.

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And as a result of that,

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I grew up with books everywhere around the house.

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And I mean books everywhere around the house.

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And that's actually a shop in Calcutta,

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but it's a place where we like our books.

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In fact, I've got 38,000 of them now

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and no Kindle in sight.

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But growing up as a child with the books around everywhere,

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with people to talk to about those books,

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this wasn't a sort of slightly learned thing.

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By the time I was 18, I had a deep passion for books.

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It wasn't the only passion I had.

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I was a South Indian

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brought up in Bengal.

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And two of the things about Bengal:

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They like their savory dishes

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and they like their sweets.

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So by the time I grew up,

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again, I had a well-established passion for food.

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Now I was growing up in the late 60s and early 70s,

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and there were a number of other passions I was also interested in,

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but these two were the ones that differentiated me.

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(Laughter)

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And then life was fine, dandy.

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Everything was okay,

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until I got to about the age of 26,

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and I went to a movie called "Short Circuit."

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Oh, some of you have seen it.

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And apparently it's being remade right now

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and it's going to be coming out next year.

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It's the story of this experimental robot

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which got electrocuted and found a life.

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And as it ran, this thing was saying, "Give me input. Give me input."

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And I suddenly realized that for a robot

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both information as well as food

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were the same thing.

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Energy came to it in some form or shape,

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data came to it in some form or shape.

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And I began to think,

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I wonder what it would be like

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to start imagining myself

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as if energy and information were the two things I had as input --

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as if food and information were similar in some form or shape.

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I started doing some research then, and this was the 25-year journey,

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and started finding out

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that actually human beings as primates

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have far smaller stomachs

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than should be the size for our body weight

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and far larger brains.

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And as I went to research that even further,

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I got to a point where I discovered something

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called the expensive tissue hypothesis.

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That actually for a given body mass of a primate

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the metabolic rate was static.

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What changed was the balance of the tissues available.

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And two of the most expensive tissues in our human body

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are nervous tissue and digestive tissue.

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And what transpired was that people had put forward a hypothesis

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that was apparently coming up with some fabulous results by about 1995.

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It's a lady named Leslie Aiello.

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And the paper then suggested that you traded one for the other.

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If you wanted your brain for a particular body mass to be large,

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you had to live with a smaller gut.

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That then set me off completely

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to say, Okay, these two are connected.

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So I looked at the cultivation of information as if it were food

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and said, So we were hunter-gathers of information.

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We moved from that to becoming farmers and cultivators of information.

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Does that really explain what we're seeing

0:04:19.875,0:04:22.625
with the intellectual property battles nowadays?

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Because those people who were hunter-gatherers in origin

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wanted to be free and roam and pick up information as they wanted,

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and those that were in the business of farming information

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wanted to build fences around it,

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create ownership and wealth and structure and settlement.

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So there was always going to be a tension within that.

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And everything I saw in the cultivation

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said there were huge fights amongst the foodies

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between the cultivators and the hunter-gatherers.

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And this is happening here.

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When I moved to preparation, this same thing was true,

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expect that there were two schools.

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One group of people said you can distill your information,

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you can extract value, separate it and serve it up,

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while another group turned around

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and said no, no you can ferment it.

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You bring it all together and mash it up

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and the value emerges that way.

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The same is again true with information.

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But consumption was where it started getting really enjoyable.

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Because what I began to see then

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was there were so many different ways people would consume this.

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They'd buy it from the shop as raw ingredients.

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Do you cook it? Do you have it served to you?

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Do you go to a restaurant?

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The same is true every time as I started thinking about information.

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The analogies were getting crazy --

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that information had sell-by dates,

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that people had misused information that wasn't dated properly

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and could really have an effect on the stock market,

0:05:44.083,0:05:45.917
on corporate values, etc.

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And by this time I was hooked.

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And this is about 23 years into this process.

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And I began to start thinking of myself

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as we start having mash-ups of fact and fiction,

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docu-dramas, mockumentaries, whatever you call it.

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Are we going to reach the stage

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where information has a percentage for fact associated with it?

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We start labeling information for the fact percentage?

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Are we going to start looking at what happens

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when your information source is turned off, as a famine?

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Which brings me to the final element of this.

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Clay Shirky once stated that "There is no such animal as information overload,

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there is only filter failure."

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I put it to you that information,

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if viewed from the point of food,

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is never a production issue; you never speak of food overload.

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Fundamentally it's a consumption issue.

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And we have to start thinking

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about how we create diets within ourselves, exercise within ourselves,

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to have the faculties to be able to deal with information,

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to have the labeling to be able to do it responsibly.

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In fact, when I saw "Supersize Me," I starting thinking of saying,

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What would happen

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if an individual had 31 days nonstop Fox News?

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Would there be time to be able to work with it?

0:07:03.833,0:07:08.042
So you start really understanding

0:07:08.042,0:07:13.042
that you can have diseases, toxins, a need to balance your diet,

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and once you start looking, and from that point on,

0:07:16.292,0:07:20.625
everything I have done in terms of the consumption of information,

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the production of information, the preparation of information,

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I've looked at from the viewpoint of food.

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It has probably not helped my waistline any

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because I like practicing on both sides.

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But I'd like to leave you with just that question:

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If you began to think of all the information that you consume

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the way you think of food,

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what would you do differently?

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Thank you very much for your time.

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(Applause)