[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.65,0:00:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, excuse me!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.64,0:00:13.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have you ever yawned\Nbecause somebody else yawned?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.42,0:00:15.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You aren't especially tired,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.17,0:00:18.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yet suddenly your mouth opens wide
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.21,0:00:21.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a big yawn
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.48,0:00:23.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comes out.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.30,0:00:27.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This phenomenon is known\Nas contagious yawning.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.24,0:00:29.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And while scientists still\Ndon't fully understand
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.60,0:00:30.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why it happens,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.64,0:00:33.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are many hypotheses\Ncurrently being researched.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.78,0:00:36.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's take a look at a few\Nof the most prevalent ones,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.58,0:00:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beginning with two\Nphysiological hypotheses
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.100,0:00:41.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before moving to a psychological one.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.44,0:00:44.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our first physiological hypothesis
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.75,0:00:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,states that contagious yawning\Nis triggered by a specific stimulus,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.52,0:00:49.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an initial yawn.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.01,0:00:52.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is called fixed action pattern.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.23,0:00:55.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think of fixed action pattern\Nlike a reflex.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.94,0:00:58.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your yawn makes me yawn.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.69,0:01:02.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Similar to a domino effect,\None person's yawn triggers a yawn
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.12,0:01:04.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a person nearby\Nthat has observed the act.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.100,0:01:08.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once this reflex is triggered,\Nit must run its course.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.53,0:01:11.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have you ever tried to stop\Na yawn once it has begun?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.54,0:01:14.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Basically impossible!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.27,0:01:17.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another physiological hypothesis
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.18,0:01:20.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is known as non-conscious mimicry,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.30,0:01:21.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the chameleon effect.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.01,0:01:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This occurs when you\Nimitate someone's behavior
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.58,0:01:25.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without knowing it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.94,0:01:28.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a subtle and unintentional\Ncopycat maneuver.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.05,0:01:31.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People tend to mimic\Neach other's postures.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.16,0:01:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you are seated across from someone\Nthat has their legs crossed,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.72,0:01:36.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you might cross your own legs.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.46,0:01:38.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This hypothesis suggests
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.92,0:01:41.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we yawn when we see someone else yawn
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.40,0:01:44.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we are unconsciously copying\Nhis or her behavior.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.15,0:01:48.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scientists believe that this chameleon\Neffect is possible
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.33,0:01:52.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of a special set of neurons\Nknown as mirror neurons.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.61,0:01:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mirror neurons are a type of brain cell
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.59,0:01:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that responds equally\Nwhen we perform an action
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.15,0:02:01.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as when we see someone else\Nperform the same action.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.89,0:02:04.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These neurons are important\Nfor learning and self-awareness.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.77,0:02:07.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, watching someone\Ndo something physical,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.92,0:02:10.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like knitting or putting on lipstick,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.65,0:02:14.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can help you do those same\Nactions more accurately.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.59,0:02:19.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Neuroimaging studies using fMRI,\Nfunctional magnetic resonance imaging,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.70,0:02:23.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,show us that when we seem someone yawn\Nor even hear their yawn,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.92,0:02:27.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a specific area of the brain\Nhousing these mirror neurons
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.39,0:02:28.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tends to light up,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.59,0:02:32.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which, in turn, causes us to respond\Nwith the same action:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.58,0:02:33.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a yawn!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.23,0:02:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our psychological hypothesis also involves\Nthe work of these mirror neurons.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.97,0:02:41.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will call it the empathy yawn.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.23,0:02:45.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Empathy is the ability to understand\Nwhat someone else is feeling
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.37,0:02:46.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and partake in their emotion,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.84,0:02:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a crucial ability\Nfor social animals like us.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.17,0:02:54.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recently, neuroscientists have found\Nthat a subset of mirror neurons
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.09,0:02:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allows us to empathize\Nwith others' feelings
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.41,0:02:57.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at a deeper level.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.60,0:02:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Yawn)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.62,0:03:01.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scientists discovered\Nthis empathetic response to yawning
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.36,0:03:03.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while testing the first\Nhypothesis we mentioned,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.64,0:03:05.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fixed action pattern.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.15,0:03:08.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This study was set up to show\Nthat dogs would enact a yawn reflex
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.97,0:03:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the mere sound of a human yawn.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.13,0:03:15.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While their study showed this to be true,\Nthey found something else interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.58,0:03:19.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dogs yawned more frequently\Nat familiar yawns,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.80,0:03:21.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as from their owners,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.30,0:03:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than at unfamiliar yawns from strangers.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.40,0:03:27.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Following this research,\Nother studies on humans and primates
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.34,0:03:29.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have also shown that contagious yawning
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.25,0:03:32.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,occurs more frequently\Namong friends than strangers.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.24,0:03:35.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, contagious\Nyawning starts occurring
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.71,0:03:38.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we are about four or five years old,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.34,0:03:39.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the point when children
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.74,0:03:42.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,develop the ability to identify\Nothers' emotions properly.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.51,0:03:47.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Still, while newer scientific studies aim\Nto prove that contagious yawning
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.43,0:03:49.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is based on this capacity for empathy,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.41,0:03:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more research is needed to shed light\Non what exactly is going on.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.48,0:03:56.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's possible that the answer lies\Nin another hypothesis altogether.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.50,0:03:59.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next time you get caught in a yawn,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.46,0:04:01.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take a second to think\Nabout what just happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.65,0:04:04.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Were you thinking about a yawn?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.03,0:04:06.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did someone near you yawn?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.02,0:04:09.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Was that person a stranger\Nor someone close?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.18,0:04:14.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And are you yawning right now?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.17,0:04:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Yawn)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.39,0:04:20.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Lip smacking)