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goodnow america's longest war

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its most costly war

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its first military the treaty and as
well as nightmares national problem

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people spell often what went wrong

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how it applied to the u_s_ get involved

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with vietnam a tragic mistake as
liberals crying

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did the u_s_ lose because of
self-imposed constraints as

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conservatives crying

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could we have won the war quijote
unleashed a military machine

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and bond the north vietnamese back to
the stone age what was the cost of

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vietnam the human cost the political
cost

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the economic cost about

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united states and the vietnamese

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one person who have been researching
these questions for over ten years is

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william gibson we've just published a
book the perfect war

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techno war in vietnam with atlantic
monthly press

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though is a graduate of the university
of texas where he did his undergraduate

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work

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and he got his p_h_d_ at yale university

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and is now a professor of sociology at
southern methodist university and

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dollars and we're very pleased to have
you with us today

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alternatives built a discussion of
vietnam dot

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this is an incredible book

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erbil

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uh...

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you have

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read a lot about vietnam or if you have
never read anything about vietnam

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this is the one you should read

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because uh... it shows

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the picture from the top from the bottom

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and it gives a explanation this to what
really happened there and quite things

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happen

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usually come back what kind of empty
feeling unwell frustration or not really

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knowing that you

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after reading your book yet you
understand him

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incredible and i were thinking and you
got the emotional feeling the impact

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as well as what was happening in the
mind

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an incredible stories like hell

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the north vietnamese were able to

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bring down american justice by lying on
the back and firing forty-five rifles

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weapons but i'm getting out of the story
doesn't know what they did and i talking

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about that in your opinion is
distinctive about

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the vietnam war what about that brought
about u_s_ involvement in this bill

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clinton adventure

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the most distinctive features of the
vietnam war

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but it was the first warren modern times

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to be taught from a managerial jisme
perspective

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during world war two u_s_ industry may
domestic contribution to the war african

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american military man and political
leaders

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fully appreciated that effort

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during world war two the military
partially adopted a business model

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organization put their supply operation

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after world war two they began to think
of combat

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there's also a production process

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the option of core racine otters
gladiator heroes who were meeting in

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combat but is a poor managers

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internally enlisted men

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we're no longer the citizens of the
nation but they were workers

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managers and workers that worked on the
production line to produce deaths

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and the product and was in the body
counts

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so just in american society st
supposedly

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was high technology

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capital-intensive business

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so too it we fight wars

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is high-technology capital-intensive
work there

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we would be able to drive the other side
bankrupt

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so if this production model of war or
what i call techno war

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that distinguishes

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at a primary structural level

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vietnam

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from other warfare

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and will bend and uh... in this way we
couldn't lose because we were fighting

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and ball underdeveloped uncritical

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third world country

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look has inspected

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exactly from an american perspective

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the only thing that counts in warfare

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is technology in economics

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welcome your economy and how you
translate our economy into your military

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dead week it was impossible for us to
loosen theoretically impossible

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who are going to develop hasn't economy

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to beat the united states it just
couldn't happen

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therefore

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whenever we ran into a problem

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in four fifty four or sixty or sixty
four

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every time you asked me to do this

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we always thought that if we cast
related to the next highest level we

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would win it's a closed system

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and there's always vietnam chosen at the
start

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for the first

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etna war

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uh... there's no

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stork will resume

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for vietnam it was really vietnam as a
country as a people as a culture didn't

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really matter to the americans

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so there was nothing about

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about the country per se

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to make despite their

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it was certainly the time winner of this
whole apparatus of warfare was

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developing

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vis-a-vis the time and

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situation in vietnam

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was deteriorating from an american
perspective

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techno war or

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this this production model of war got
its big push in the fifties

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because after world war two when we had
to hydrogen bomb atomic bomb newsletter

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the hydrogen bomb the russians didn't

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it seemed clear restaurant mastery of
the world was just unsurpassed we could

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not be challenged

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between the russians had the bomb we
were in a situation of potentially

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mutual destruction where they could
destroy our industrial apparatus

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then this may be americans feel good but

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so the question came as how can we
develop our form of warfare

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too

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into exercise our power in the world

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without threatening

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nuclear war

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in the idea developed by doctor henry
kissinger

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it with the time was a professor of
political science at harvard we what's

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called limited before

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and the idea was because our economy was
so big and powerful

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we could have guns and butter butter
m_t_v_'s in popcorn in drive-ins

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poured hula hoops for the americans at
home

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event

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limited war

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for an indefinite period of time that
they were all because we were so much

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richer we we just got the other side
bankrupt and there was a period where

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it's certainly guerrilla movements of
the national liberation

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lives were allegedly said cuban
revolution

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in nineteen fifty nine a network

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third-world revolutionary movement to
outline of the western the opposite side

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of the french and british empire could
deteriorate worldwide sitting behind yet

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not a classic case of the vietnam have
been a french colony will prolong

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crosses a revolt

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soviet noticeably it was ready we had
our theory

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for limited war we had our apparatus in
place

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at the time vietnam's was uh...

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well by the time difference had been
thrown out

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can you give us a brief at history

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uh... vietnam a nurse

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scrabble burst into chinese and the
french et cetera leading up to american

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intervention

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certainly the word vietnam initially
came seventeen newman yet

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and it was a uh...

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uh...

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part of china that

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weaponry break off it's like chinese
immigrated anna quindlen pulmonary

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racially-based ingrid

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and tried to ukraine claim independence

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chinese amperage would invade it now
hold the country for several hundred

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years it is amazing

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grows up riders we're booked by the
chinese after chinese within invading

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colder for another fifteen hundred years
limited means would throw them out

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and hold on for fifty years

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this is the struggle between vietnam and
china

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for vietnamese attendance went on for
hundreds and hundreds and hundreds and

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hundreds of years

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finally a bit

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kind of vietnamese had

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i repeat china

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they were improbable we thought

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in them because of the time of the west
was expanding

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and france was looking for a way to get
the china

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for the uh... spiced ratings and so on
ended up taking vietnam

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so perhaps took a vietnam's economy in
the eighteen nineties

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vietnamese often run against the french
were making earnings are not

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they just kept on putting with the new
world war two

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the communist

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uh... especially headed back which you
may remember million chapin

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pepto

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organized better

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they fought against the japanese

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and then after declared their
independence in forty five

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and ironically american uh...
intelligence operatives are supported

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that effort

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extensively

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and putting them as i understand it look
at that time the united states as a

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model to developers country not to the
soviet union position was that he had

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paid off whatever he had tempe
ideologically otr soviet union and that

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he was a free agent was not getting any
assistance

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and that the american over the
declaration of independence

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it stated time period this policy

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there's a far better possible that a lot

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at the bottom of the market's leaflet
and good at that part of the nationalist

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and a democrat to some extent

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so there are certainly a national osama
how much a democrat i'm not i'd i

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wouldn't

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prize-winner lip service there was no
values that walton trailer but certainly

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an actual club and they got to be amazed
if he did the french in fifty four after

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eight years of

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extensive work fare stand to grow up
there

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into court impressed understand

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the war in vietnam was one country

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if you'd be intended to be divided into
three administrators owned by the french

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but work there was going on all free

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when the war ended in fifty four the
country look like a checkerboard

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celebration in march tom gjelten the
soviet union or some french cities held

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in the south other areas held by the

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uh... by the company's communist

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more than seven hundred evenings this
was only checkerboard

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been at the geneva peace talks in
nineteen fifty four there was a land

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swap

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vietnamese forces move north french
consolidated their forces in the south

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awhile is drawing a provisional
administrative boundary nada national

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boundary not political boundary
administrators on a boundary

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the idea was the country would be
divided for two years now with the

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international election two fifty six

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there were no such an order uh...
elections

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united states meredith

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would support understand this idea of
north vietnam as a separate country

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saturday's south vietnam was wrong

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there was no more from south vietnam as
two separate countries

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that was uh...

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uh... obstet there was a checkerboard

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at the end at fifty four they got they
got changed

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that had happened at least out to be
getting the resistance struggle

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women

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the grill twenty eight fifty four

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the vietcong himself

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we're told to put down their guns and
that they were going to engage in

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political struggle

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for two years in preparation for fifty
six elections

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out that became extremely dangerous

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uh... dam

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demand the americans printout

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immediately went after and honey down
most of the communist leftist democrats

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nationalist meridian and his family will
get numb pretty much a dictatorship

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um...

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annexed by midnight for the late fifties

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the local

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communist entangled miller and socialist
in democratic apparatus

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was taking casualties so badly

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doubt they had to renew the armed
struggle to survive

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excessive bleeding and decide on
congress put pressure on the north

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former communist party

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to like reopen

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the military front

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and have a joint political and military
strategy as opposed to simply trying to

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wait for international

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uh...

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intervention are killed by the united
nations or something

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so that that's the origin of reserves to
the heart of the best response to this

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day

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for your response is quite simple verses
up

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wearing the green berets had originally
been formed a parachute into eastern

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europe

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uh... after

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to organize guerrilla movements in
eastern europe

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cotton reformulated

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ads counterinsurgency experts and they
were sent to vietnam by president

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kennedy in nineteen sixty euros on
massive increase in c_i_a_ operations

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the whole idea colour workday remembered

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and counterinsurgency war criminal we
failed at the bay of pigs in nineteen

254
00:12:17,089 --> 00:12:18,930
one sixty one

255
00:12:18,930 --> 00:12:22,730
and so the idea was we must become
experts say fighting these world wars of

256
00:12:22,730 --> 00:12:24,200
national liberation

257
00:12:24,200 --> 00:12:27,800
and that we must have new warrior
technicians who can intervene

258
00:12:27,800 --> 00:12:30,860
underdeveloped countries countries

259
00:12:30,860 --> 00:12:32,130
fix things

260
00:12:32,130 --> 00:12:36,680
and the green berets now were one
branches fix-it men

261
00:12:36,680 --> 00:12:38,750
c_i_a_ operatives were another

262
00:12:38,750 --> 00:12:43,200
various logistics people we cannot
economist

263
00:12:43,200 --> 00:12:45,000
well were others

264
00:12:45,000 --> 00:12:46,340
which memory

265
00:12:46,340 --> 00:12:51,660
understand the class structure of
vietnam in support of rule society

266
00:12:51,660 --> 00:12:55,950
most of the people of landless peasants
our own very small plots of land there

267
00:12:55,950 --> 00:12:58,050
under subsistence agriculture

268
00:12:58,050 --> 00:13:03,000
where a large part of the crop goes to
the landlord

269
00:13:03,000 --> 00:13:06,960
asmara land owning cleverest p presents
a buddhist with practiced elements of

270
00:13:06,960 --> 00:13:09,190
confucian isms well

271
00:13:09,190 --> 00:13:14,240
a small and an in-class like many of
them at every p_g_ eastman north

272
00:13:14,240 --> 00:13:15,970
many have been catholic

273
00:13:15,970 --> 00:13:19,250
controls the nation's wealth

274
00:13:19,250 --> 00:13:20,400
so

275
00:13:20,400 --> 00:13:22,670
d_m_ i'm

276
00:13:22,670 --> 00:13:27,530
the government d_m_ users in the army as
a mechanism to collect lips

277
00:13:27,530 --> 00:13:31,100
and during the first war against the
french debit card will be distributed

278
00:13:31,100 --> 00:13:33,110
the land to the peasantry

279
00:13:33,110 --> 00:13:36,410
so indium came to power in fifty four
with the army

280
00:13:36,410 --> 00:13:40,920
in a naked is agents of the landlord to
collect here's a bachlorette

281
00:13:40,920 --> 00:13:44,040
notice intruding in total class

282
00:13:44,040 --> 00:13:47,460
polarization increased one more time

283
00:13:47,460 --> 00:13:51,049
adelphia cultivate part into
evolutionary perspective exactly

284
00:13:51,049 --> 00:13:54,730
and then g_m_ had to use more more
repression

285
00:13:54,730 --> 00:13:58,800
as a result of the dissatisfaction with
the regression internet the nurses at

286
00:13:58,800 --> 00:14:02,920
the time that the get karke honors
courses felt like they had to resort or

287
00:14:02,920 --> 00:14:03,759
something

288
00:14:03,759 --> 00:14:07,730
so this is why you made your statement
in your book that the m had an army but

289
00:14:07,730 --> 00:14:10,490
given that he was not a government

290
00:14:10,490 --> 00:14:13,670
that's right knowed it was no expected
administration under the military

291
00:14:13,670 --> 00:14:18,190
administration deliveries to replace all
forms of village council all forms of

292
00:14:18,190 --> 00:14:20,010
intermediary powers that

293
00:14:20,010 --> 00:14:22,200
any linkage to to below

294
00:14:22,200 --> 00:14:26,570
were destroyed instead our loyalty was
from the potsdam

295
00:14:26,570 --> 00:14:30,549
yet the american escalation didn't
really dramatically

296
00:14:30,549 --> 00:14:34,869
accelerating talked again this
fascination what brought about this

297
00:14:34,869 --> 00:14:36,160
dramatic

298
00:14:36,160 --> 00:14:39,889
acceleration and what you call type of
work to vietnam

299
00:14:39,889 --> 00:14:43,689
will be able to go on and all the other
vietnamese generals begin a power

300
00:14:43,689 --> 00:14:45,620
struggle among themselves

301
00:14:45,620 --> 00:14:50,180
consequently whatever government
repressive apparatus t_m_ had collapsed

302
00:14:50,180 --> 00:14:52,390
desertion is increased radically

303
00:14:52,390 --> 00:14:56,470
defections um... yet communist became
stronger and stronger

304
00:14:56,470 --> 00:15:00,470
by sixty-four american policymakers
feared that there would be a provisional

305
00:15:00,470 --> 00:15:03,430
will be revolutionary government open

306
00:15:03,430 --> 00:15:06,000
provisional revolutionary government
much in the countryside

307
00:15:06,000 --> 00:15:07,630
which we have lost

308
00:15:07,630 --> 00:15:08,850
i mean it's good to say

309
00:15:08,850 --> 00:15:11,479
u_s_ forces lost or the french lost him

310
00:15:11,479 --> 00:15:12,780
forty five

311
00:15:12,780 --> 00:15:17,550
we lost again in fifty four we lost
again sixty three sixty four we escalate

312
00:15:17,550 --> 00:15:24,490
kenya nothing escalated and pasted eaten
not in the face of victory right

313
00:15:24,490 --> 00:15:27,799
massive defeating sixty-three and
sixty-four broadband

314
00:15:27,799 --> 00:15:29,809
yemeni put u_s_ ground troops

315
00:15:29,809 --> 00:15:33,800
and sustained bombing of the north and
want to try to sell versace's reject why

316
00:15:33,800 --> 00:15:38,940
couldn't you have to accept the decedent
has a small corner of the world

317
00:15:38,940 --> 00:15:42,090
the united states has been unwilling to
deal with communism as a political

318
00:15:42,090 --> 00:15:45,970
social economic movement instead if
you've seen that

319
00:15:45,970 --> 00:15:50,680
we as americans are the natural beams of
the world of capitalism is the national

320
00:15:50,680 --> 00:15:52,230
economic order

321
00:15:52,230 --> 00:15:55,140
and i'm in our system innocently

322
00:15:55,140 --> 00:15:56,249
the essence of

323
00:15:56,249 --> 00:15:58,530
feeling good nursing absence of nature

324
00:15:58,530 --> 00:16:01,040
therefore something very very different
from ours

325
00:16:01,040 --> 00:16:04,949
is none other society within one
compares differences in extremes with

326
00:16:04,949 --> 00:16:06,350
its own and so forth

327
00:16:06,350 --> 00:16:08,160
but instead

328
00:16:08,160 --> 00:16:11,569
intimidating presence where nature their
entire nature

329
00:16:11,569 --> 00:16:15,460
or what i call the for another

330
00:16:15,460 --> 00:16:17,460
during world war two

331
00:16:17,460 --> 00:16:19,350
the soviet union

332
00:16:19,350 --> 00:16:23,350
did take over right after world war two
did invading take over eastern europe

333
00:16:23,350 --> 00:16:27,920
the red army didn't want to hold it as a
buffer zone and they didn't stop epic

334
00:16:27,920 --> 00:16:29,740
dictatorships there

335
00:16:29,740 --> 00:16:32,780
this became a model

336
00:16:32,780 --> 00:16:36,510
all-american views of communist and
social severely cut

337
00:16:36,510 --> 00:16:40,080
americans did not understand it to a
revolution they did not understand the

338
00:16:40,080 --> 00:16:41,490
chinese revolution

339
00:16:41,490 --> 00:16:44,590
in the forties that they were like
millions upon millions of poor peasants

340
00:16:44,590 --> 00:16:47,110
who wanted land survive in a mouse a
toner

341
00:16:47,110 --> 00:16:51,050
communist party offered in lance arrival
where's chiang kai-shek was a warlord

342
00:16:51,050 --> 00:16:54,190
who offered and nothing

343
00:16:54,190 --> 00:16:57,669
unable to see in total struggles for

344
00:16:57,669 --> 00:16:59,180
uh...

345
00:16:59,180 --> 00:17:01,700
socialism or communism or

346
00:17:01,700 --> 00:17:04,430
while you are unable to see even in
cairo struggles for national

347
00:17:04,430 --> 00:17:06,240
independence against queen elizabeth

348
00:17:06,240 --> 00:17:09,619
the longest dividing to be an
interesting

349
00:17:09,619 --> 00:17:13,339
and we have three guys who the bad guys
they are looking for another day trying

350
00:17:13,339 --> 00:17:16,059
to move and so all forms of communism
kit

351
00:17:16,059 --> 00:17:18,880
movements get scene in that

352
00:17:18,880 --> 00:17:20,540
so in this incident

353
00:17:20,540 --> 00:17:24,880
in particular limit in the world is not
just a particular moving up toward poor

354
00:17:24,880 --> 00:17:28,650
country and it's really one hundred
poorly written on this matter

355
00:17:28,650 --> 00:17:30,830
and we had uh... a little bit smith
there

356
00:17:30,830 --> 00:17:35,330
is still any movement is a sign of a
global movement

357
00:17:35,330 --> 00:17:39,500
there are so you know if you're poor
peasants with vietnam

358
00:17:39,500 --> 00:17:42,610
that doesn't mean just that they have
little to a few more people have a few

359
00:17:42,610 --> 00:17:43,669
more honest

360
00:17:43,669 --> 00:17:44,970
instead that means

361
00:17:44,970 --> 00:17:46,289
the before and other

362
00:17:46,289 --> 00:17:49,770
monolithic machine his encroached one or
step

363
00:17:49,770 --> 00:17:51,650
into each other step

364
00:17:51,650 --> 00:17:55,299
the rest of the world becomes a pair of
this of course the dominant very sulekha

365
00:17:55,299 --> 00:17:57,990
contagious disease sort of that sort of
like

366
00:17:57,990 --> 00:18:02,130
each country having school his treatment
own culture in his own people

367
00:18:02,130 --> 00:18:03,380
intercept

368
00:18:03,380 --> 00:18:05,679
the world's leading to shell

369
00:18:05,679 --> 00:18:08,860
i could just poured into the arson at
this time

370
00:18:08,860 --> 00:18:13,200
once they get going to somehow i'm
making a stigma minimal propel cognizant

371
00:18:13,200 --> 00:18:14,140
of victory

372
00:18:14,140 --> 00:18:15,599
it's a billion

373
00:18:15,599 --> 00:18:19,419
adequate mechanistic anticrime
initiative is a mechanistic framework of

374
00:18:19,419 --> 00:18:21,630
the world make enemies

375
00:18:21,630 --> 00:18:25,440
is for the other day are we doing it all
construction

376
00:18:25,440 --> 00:18:30,390
but isn't that also water two sides of
this the other side of the people of

377
00:18:30,390 --> 00:18:34,800
the big decision makers dave's
foreign-policy establishment retirement

378
00:18:34,800 --> 00:18:38,480
looking at the world on a more realistic
basis

379
00:18:38,480 --> 00:18:43,400
as uh... general maxwell taylor said in
his book we have to

380
00:18:43,400 --> 00:18:47,179
keep an iron grip on the third world
country because they're poorer and they

381
00:18:47,179 --> 00:18:50,390
want which is in the riches would have
to come from us

382
00:18:50,390 --> 00:18:55,040
so they look at any type of victories
that unique as an he can such as in

383
00:18:55,040 --> 00:18:58,159
vietnam

384
00:18:58,159 --> 00:19:01,490
providing an example to other third
world countries

385
00:19:01,490 --> 00:19:05,690
that if they can do it and get away with
in vietnam they can get away with it in

386
00:19:05,690 --> 00:19:10,170
order to universal siddiqui vietnam's
universal sign of her

387
00:19:10,170 --> 00:19:14,000
national liberation victory everywhere
defeated vietnam means that

388
00:19:14,000 --> 00:19:17,200
all liberation movements will give up
their struggle

389
00:19:17,200 --> 00:19:20,950
suburb given the fact that i have uh...
there is uh... that uh... that still

390
00:19:20,950 --> 00:19:23,020
caught back to the united states

391
00:19:23,020 --> 00:19:27,270
that have built up in the military
machine bottled water given a

392
00:19:27,270 --> 00:19:32,970
mechanistic anti communism was motivated
the foreign policy decisions i have the

393
00:19:32,970 --> 00:19:38,610
u_s_ foreign policy establishment and
given the clots began sake of these

394
00:19:38,610 --> 00:19:43,370
government in vietnam there is almost
inevitable that u_s_ involvement would

395
00:19:43,370 --> 00:19:46,800
intensify that this war was not an
accident

396
00:19:46,800 --> 00:19:50,990
that is what i was not just uh... policy
mistake that was a consequence

397
00:19:50,990 --> 00:19:55,340
basically u_s_ foreign policy u_s_
industrial military

398
00:19:55,340 --> 00:19:59,550
uh... development since world war two
that this was a test case this is where

399
00:19:59,550 --> 00:20:00,780
they

400
00:20:00,780 --> 00:20:06,150
test of whether she needs dot communism
i really restriction together

401
00:20:06,150 --> 00:20:07,000
i am

402
00:20:07,000 --> 00:20:08,640
more than the crucial

403
00:20:08,640 --> 00:20:10,950
arguments on trying to like

404
00:20:10,950 --> 00:20:11,809
critique

405
00:20:11,809 --> 00:20:15,460
in my book is this notion that that we
just made one mistake after another that

406
00:20:15,460 --> 00:20:16,250
nobody

407
00:20:16,250 --> 00:20:20,020
which really smart or breaking the bank
just sort of slipped up

408
00:20:20,020 --> 00:20:24,130
you don't go to war that where you go to
work are far in advance

409
00:20:24,130 --> 00:20:25,669
in sixty four oh one

410
00:20:25,669 --> 00:20:29,190
johnson was making announcements about
the gulf of time canon just sort of like

411
00:20:29,190 --> 00:20:31,279
i was surprised attack which

412
00:20:31,279 --> 00:20:32,460
it wasn't

413
00:20:32,460 --> 00:20:35,570
uh... in and early sixty five

414
00:20:35,570 --> 00:20:38,690
when they were making goodness mister
naked public domain which in two

415
00:20:38,690 --> 00:20:40,840
thousand more trips to vietnam

416
00:20:40,840 --> 00:20:44,300
they fully expected kissing two hundred
thousand people bugging the sixty five

417
00:20:44,300 --> 00:20:47,660
and another hundred sixty two and a
thousand sixty-six another hundred

418
00:20:47,660 --> 00:20:51,060
thousand are sixty seven with the est
which were already there could be a

419
00:20:51,060 --> 00:20:54,020
ticket happening in the end

420
00:20:54,020 --> 00:20:59,810
but i had a bad it up and down towards a
plan warfare plant escalation

421
00:20:59,810 --> 00:21:01,870
well let's talk about the war itself

422
00:21:01,870 --> 00:21:04,600
and three others techno war actually

423
00:21:04,600 --> 00:21:08,440
worked out itself in the ground in the
air by the use of helicopters the

424
00:21:08,440 --> 00:21:12,590
helicopter warren search-and-destroy can
you describe the somehow they were

425
00:21:12,590 --> 00:21:14,110
tonight

426
00:21:14,110 --> 00:21:18,270
well not quite a bit there is general
junio

427
00:21:18,270 --> 00:21:19,980
generals write books

428
00:21:19,980 --> 00:21:23,510
they're kinda like academicians venita
like like to publish in order to get

429
00:21:23,510 --> 00:21:27,500
poorer promoted at the hierarchy we
normally don't believe them but i think

430
00:21:27,500 --> 00:21:32,590
that way but it is stripped of his death
by their actions justify their actions

431
00:21:32,590 --> 00:21:36,530
are used book is called shopping the
combat engineers analysis to reinforce

432
00:21:36,530 --> 00:21:41,480
military just uh... notre judgment it's
published by putnam the army

433
00:21:41,480 --> 00:21:43,210
and in the first chapter

434
00:21:43,210 --> 00:21:46,980
yourself that we can compare a
search-and-destroy operations in vietnam

435
00:21:46,980 --> 00:21:50,050
to an assembly line

436
00:21:50,050 --> 00:21:54,070
it was a pill angrily and what that
could be objectivity unlike a world war

437
00:21:54,070 --> 00:21:57,600
two world war one would you have a
continuous fight going on thousands of

438
00:21:57,600 --> 00:21:58,490
miles

439
00:21:58,490 --> 00:22:02,280
you have a major offensive is in a
counter-offensive internal lol

440
00:22:02,280 --> 00:22:03,200
in vietnam

441
00:22:03,200 --> 00:22:07,529
it's back re economist backyards united
one full blast

442
00:22:07,529 --> 00:22:11,230
all but i think that's the grand jury a
problem how do you just allocate your

443
00:22:11,230 --> 00:22:14,029
resources given the fact that you've
already decided

444
00:22:14,029 --> 00:22:14,849
to run

445
00:22:14,849 --> 00:22:16,820
an actual capability

446
00:22:16,820 --> 00:22:19,400
that that is bad and it is body count

447
00:22:19,400 --> 00:22:21,330
search-and-destroy means that

448
00:22:21,330 --> 00:22:25,840
settle somewhere between several hundred
and several thousand american soldiers

449
00:22:25,840 --> 00:22:28,090
are going to search

450
00:22:28,090 --> 00:22:29,960
a block of countryside

451
00:22:29,960 --> 00:22:31,920
for viet cong

452
00:22:31,920 --> 00:22:34,230
or north vietnamese troops

453
00:22:34,230 --> 00:22:37,540
and they're going to try to engage them
in combat and of course and destroy

454
00:22:37,540 --> 00:22:41,390
whatever troops or whatever supplies
they capture

455
00:22:41,390 --> 00:22:44,330
imperious strategic often sick

456
00:22:44,330 --> 00:22:47,980
meaning it's a way that could put the
viet cong

457
00:22:47,980 --> 00:22:52,170
weaker at the moment to hunt them down

458
00:22:52,170 --> 00:22:53,220
were hunters

459
00:22:53,220 --> 00:22:55,980
democratic

460
00:22:55,980 --> 00:22:57,400
the objective

461
00:22:57,400 --> 00:23:00,320
used to cure all the enemy so fast

462
00:23:00,320 --> 00:23:03,810
that we reach what's called we called
the crossover ports a general william

463
00:23:03,810 --> 00:23:05,450
westmoreland st

464
00:23:05,450 --> 00:23:07,059
the crossover point needs

465
00:23:07,059 --> 00:23:09,440
you're killing me any faster

466
00:23:09,440 --> 00:23:11,640
then they can replace their cash or
checks

467
00:23:11,640 --> 00:23:14,830
like you to drive the other side
bankrupt

468
00:23:14,830 --> 00:23:19,470
un saludo a high-technology without
helicopters are jet fighter bombers our

469
00:23:19,470 --> 00:23:21,590
tanks

470
00:23:21,590 --> 00:23:23,299
we don't put

471
00:23:23,299 --> 00:23:25,450
condom up

472
00:23:25,450 --> 00:23:27,750
now that's the theory

473
00:23:27,750 --> 00:23:31,310
the practice of search-and-destroy often
turned out

474
00:23:31,310 --> 00:23:33,320
very differently

475
00:23:33,320 --> 00:23:34,620
in that part

476
00:23:34,620 --> 00:23:36,370
a sickly

477
00:23:36,370 --> 00:23:37,890
other factory

478
00:23:37,890 --> 00:23:41,000
will decide the routine operations

479
00:23:41,000 --> 00:23:45,530
and this routines we're quite visible to
the vietnamese

480
00:23:45,530 --> 00:23:46,750
for example

481
00:23:46,750 --> 00:23:49,850
we just didn't also didn't show up on
emails

482
00:23:49,850 --> 00:23:51,039
into an area

483
00:23:51,039 --> 00:23:51,799
in began

484
00:23:51,799 --> 00:23:53,070
the search

485
00:23:53,070 --> 00:23:54,440
instead

486
00:23:54,440 --> 00:23:57,880
you had to like reconnaissance planes
had to go over it

487
00:23:57,880 --> 00:24:03,460
artillery guns had to shoot smoke rounds
into the jungle into the landing zone

488
00:24:03,460 --> 00:24:07,430
all the other artillery guns could side
and so they could like fire protective

489
00:24:07,430 --> 00:24:10,570
artillery strikes around the landing
zone

490
00:24:10,570 --> 00:24:12,640
if you really kind of unikom commander

491
00:24:12,640 --> 00:24:15,300
if you see a smoke when i'm coming up in
the jungle

492
00:24:15,300 --> 00:24:19,150
while you know that the americans are
getting ready to move on chat

493
00:24:19,150 --> 00:24:22,330
um... a helicopter assault

494
00:24:22,330 --> 00:24:26,540
there aren't that many clears out of it
clears in in nablus territory real

495
00:24:26,540 --> 00:24:28,700
swamps ordinary

496
00:24:28,700 --> 00:24:32,130
in jungle you can tell whether women's
own mazak

497
00:24:32,130 --> 00:24:34,489
so many times the viet cong commanders

498
00:24:34,489 --> 00:24:36,400
head of a very

499
00:24:36,400 --> 00:24:41,390
substantial advance notice upon women
americans were going to begin operation

500
00:24:41,390 --> 00:24:44,740
consulate they have a choice do we run
in height

501
00:24:44,740 --> 00:24:46,930
are doing a bit

502
00:24:46,930 --> 00:24:49,010
the americans we might

503
00:24:49,010 --> 00:24:52,120
the secular pushed way takes the landing
zone

504
00:24:52,120 --> 00:24:55,840
the second and third whereas bring in
more artillery

505
00:24:55,840 --> 00:24:59,610
if you're a viet cong commander you get
out your compass in your map

506
00:24:59,610 --> 00:25:02,460
you draw a circle of radius and on the
map

507
00:25:02,460 --> 00:25:05,350
and that will tell you because you know
the dominican artillery hunting

508
00:25:05,350 --> 00:25:08,990
five-millimeter howitzer has our two
thousand your radius

509
00:25:08,990 --> 00:25:12,490
so you know that the americans will not
much broader outside the range of their

510
00:25:12,490 --> 00:25:13,460
howitzers

511
00:25:13,460 --> 00:25:15,820
so you can tell

512
00:25:15,820 --> 00:25:17,649
where the americans are going to watch

513
00:25:17,649 --> 00:25:21,280
do you run and hide dignified

514
00:25:21,280 --> 00:25:24,800
this sort of thing kind of principle
goes on the it's in essence

515
00:25:24,800 --> 00:25:27,750
they knew where we work but we did not
know where

516
00:25:27,750 --> 00:25:28,619
they work

517
00:25:28,619 --> 00:25:32,400
and they have the uh... they have been
issued a very heavy initiative

518
00:25:32,400 --> 00:25:34,940
at that rate if you have to rain

519
00:25:34,940 --> 00:25:38,320
so if you have the military's own
statistics

520
00:25:38,320 --> 00:25:42,610
roughly three quarters of the battles in
vietnam were initiated by the economy in

521
00:25:42,610 --> 00:25:43,419
the air

522
00:25:43,419 --> 00:25:46,050
meaning they endorsed u_s_ forces

523
00:25:46,050 --> 00:25:48,290
and can make a decision also

524
00:25:48,290 --> 00:25:53,090
most battles immediately in the economy
in the a wanted them you need

525
00:25:53,090 --> 00:25:56,169
they could like initiate contact him
break contact

526
00:25:56,169 --> 00:25:59,570
and methods are two crucial definitions
of combat initiative

527
00:25:59,570 --> 00:26:02,169
and your other statistic that only a m

528
00:26:02,169 --> 00:26:05,630
to percent of the search-and-destroy
missions

529
00:26:05,630 --> 00:26:06,990
did we actually

530
00:26:06,990 --> 00:26:10,269
may contact uh... or original contact
with the vietnamese

531
00:26:10,269 --> 00:26:14,360
so was their choice the whole time and
as i understand the soldiers themselves

532
00:26:14,360 --> 00:26:16,909
on the ground they didn't like this
because they're the ones who would have

533
00:26:16,909 --> 00:26:19,210
to take the casualties first

534
00:26:19,210 --> 00:26:22,170
to lure the vietnamese into battle

535
00:26:22,170 --> 00:26:25,920
so that then they uh... americans with
no word on the plane who worked on the

536
00:26:25,920 --> 00:26:27,450
artillery

537
00:26:27,450 --> 00:26:31,430
he sent out a patrolling in order to get
an ambushed

538
00:26:31,430 --> 00:26:36,180
in order to market target with a smoke
rocket from the helicopter or such so

539
00:26:36,180 --> 00:26:39,989
then the judge can come in and napalm in
the area in other words

540
00:26:39,989 --> 00:26:41,690
you have to get ambushed

541
00:26:41,690 --> 00:26:44,559
before you can find the enemy

542
00:26:44,559 --> 00:26:47,639
you know when i began logan research i
had a hint

543
00:26:47,639 --> 00:26:51,450
that i was going to find a very cavalier
attitude towards work an idea of

544
00:26:51,450 --> 00:26:53,450
vietnamese later died

545
00:26:53,450 --> 00:26:57,300
i was surprised to understand the
command attitude towards their own

546
00:26:57,300 --> 00:26:58,910
saulters

547
00:26:58,910 --> 00:27:02,830
but this think about it what kind of
production model organic techno war

548
00:27:02,830 --> 00:27:05,440
either yes or no easiest one manager sir

549
00:27:05,440 --> 00:27:09,760
we have a draft we can replace all the
calvo labor

550
00:27:09,760 --> 00:27:11,990
that we loose can be replaced

551
00:27:11,990 --> 00:27:15,690
and indeed it's like migrant labor force
chromosome alexei whereupon you bring an

552
00:27:15,690 --> 00:27:19,450
end per year when you have heard a death
in chicago they were

553
00:27:19,450 --> 00:27:24,040
qy dot well not much but a lot of our
other poor working-class

554
00:27:24,040 --> 00:27:25,780
twice

555
00:27:25,780 --> 00:27:28,490
the ideologues

556
00:27:28,490 --> 00:27:29,600
so what

557
00:27:29,600 --> 00:27:33,660
if they walk into an ambush we take some
casualties that way but they will call

558
00:27:33,660 --> 00:27:38,650
in our airstrikes in colorado artillery
fire will use our technology and to do

559
00:27:38,650 --> 00:27:40,940
to get the body count

560
00:27:40,940 --> 00:27:43,040
sorrow in essence

561
00:27:43,040 --> 00:27:45,890
the grant ritual bait

562
00:27:45,890 --> 00:27:47,860
they will be sent out

563
00:27:47,860 --> 00:27:51,440
on operations to being ambushed

564
00:27:51,440 --> 00:27:53,800
and that not agood

565
00:27:53,800 --> 00:27:55,770
wait to survive

566
00:27:55,770 --> 00:27:58,230
and welfare

567
00:27:58,230 --> 00:28:00,210
unites a movement

568
00:28:00,210 --> 00:28:02,549
it was suicide

569
00:28:02,549 --> 00:28:07,070
i was one of the worst patrols you could
ever go ahead

570
00:28:07,070 --> 00:28:13,120
the purpose of it was four years walk up
on charlie and for him to hit you

571
00:28:13,120 --> 00:28:16,990
and then for a hardware to wipe them out

572
00:28:16,990 --> 00:28:20,560
we were used as scapegoats to find out
where they were

573
00:28:20,560 --> 00:28:24,580
there was no we were

574
00:28:24,580 --> 00:28:28,260
haley couldn't find charlie any other
way

575
00:28:28,260 --> 00:28:31,690
so the locals around into a whole bunch
up mentally they could plastering than

576
00:28:31,690 --> 00:28:36,669
it had a big body count mahendra general
gets another god damn metal in a big

577
00:28:36,669 --> 00:28:39,490
promotion

578
00:28:39,490 --> 00:28:40,940
uh...

579
00:28:40,940 --> 00:28:43,000
let's also note again

580
00:28:43,000 --> 00:28:46,359
the highest officer routinely on the
ground

581
00:28:46,359 --> 00:28:49,130
during vietnam was a captain the
captain's

582
00:28:49,130 --> 00:28:50,740
company commander

583
00:28:50,740 --> 00:28:54,300
company had at noticed about a hundred
and forty people in it that would be at

584
00:28:54,300 --> 00:28:55,890
full strength

585
00:28:55,890 --> 00:29:00,110
most combat units never operate
upholstery

586
00:29:00,110 --> 00:29:02,460
everyone above captains level

587
00:29:02,460 --> 00:29:07,110
battalion commanders demand of kcl
commands four companies

588
00:29:07,110 --> 00:29:11,940
all battalion level officers beginning
to gage commander several battalions

589
00:29:11,940 --> 00:29:14,870
divisions has several regiments
abrogated

590
00:29:14,870 --> 00:29:17,090
all the rest of those toppers

591
00:29:17,090 --> 00:29:20,519
course for those commanders in
helicopters

592
00:29:20,519 --> 00:29:23,010
trying at minimum of fifteen hundred
feet

593
00:29:23,010 --> 00:29:26,010
because fifteen hundred feet is the
maximum range of the fifty caliber

594
00:29:26,010 --> 00:29:29,730
machine gun when used as an antiaircraft
weapons which until the latter part of

595
00:29:29,730 --> 00:29:30,549
the war

596
00:29:30,549 --> 00:29:33,750
with the largest any aircraft weapon
that contact

597
00:29:33,750 --> 00:29:36,880
so the managers were relatively state

598
00:29:36,880 --> 00:29:39,440
in this process which is the workers

599
00:29:39,440 --> 00:29:43,040
who are suffering the occupational
safety

600
00:29:43,040 --> 00:29:47,360
uh... after-dinner hazards on on the
ground logistics taps

601
00:29:47,360 --> 00:29:49,730
in terms of the numbers in the body
towns

602
00:29:49,730 --> 00:29:54,900
did they actually uh... immunologic
succeed or where the costs greater than

603
00:29:54,900 --> 00:30:00,080
the benefit even in terms of the logic

604
00:30:00,080 --> 00:30:01,140
travel

605
00:30:01,140 --> 00:30:02,889
things happened

606
00:30:02,889 --> 00:30:04,720
for one

607
00:30:04,720 --> 00:30:08,390
all the american commanders in
helicopters communicated in uncommitted

608
00:30:08,390 --> 00:30:09,809
english

609
00:30:09,809 --> 00:30:13,640
to their subordinate officers of ground
troops

610
00:30:13,640 --> 00:30:15,880
the common in the a

611
00:30:15,880 --> 00:30:17,480
were able to buy

612
00:30:17,480 --> 00:30:21,200
american radios in the black market
capture others they routinely

613
00:30:21,200 --> 00:30:22,990
listening to all the orders

614
00:30:22,990 --> 00:30:26,480
there are many stories

615
00:30:26,480 --> 00:30:30,100
keyboard appear calm hearing american
orders from him

616
00:30:30,100 --> 00:30:33,970
taking actions to circumvent

617
00:30:33,970 --> 00:30:36,370
the share arrogance of

618
00:30:36,370 --> 00:30:40,179
nowhere in my helicopters we have all
the stuff we don't have to attempt

619
00:30:40,179 --> 00:30:44,019
unit to pay attention to her in the and
end up costing american life span so

620
00:30:44,019 --> 00:30:45,000
that part

621
00:30:45,000 --> 00:30:46,630
didn't work

622
00:30:46,630 --> 00:30:48,420
army took

623
00:30:48,420 --> 00:30:51,790
within a year so by late sixty six or so

624
00:30:51,790 --> 00:30:55,360
economy in the idea of how long it was
going to take an american air strike to

625
00:30:55,360 --> 00:30:56,299
get there

626
00:30:56,299 --> 00:31:00,430
sometimes they can make a terrible
miscalculation get caught up in open

627
00:31:00,430 --> 00:31:01,539
but in the state

628
00:31:01,539 --> 00:31:02,930
in the commander

629
00:31:02,930 --> 00:31:04,510
it could

630
00:31:04,510 --> 00:31:08,399
make a resort judgment how long he can
stay in combat before he had to run like

631
00:31:08,399 --> 00:31:09,410
hell

632
00:31:09,410 --> 00:31:12,700
because the uh... air force of again
look at the hearings are going to have

633
00:31:12,700 --> 00:31:14,630
to come and go after him

634
00:31:14,630 --> 00:31:16,429
so a lot of times

635
00:31:16,429 --> 00:31:20,559
embassies would be quite brief community
would break off contact

636
00:31:20,559 --> 00:31:24,080
well we've mentioned body count a couple
of times let's get into that kind of

637
00:31:24,080 --> 00:31:26,600
whole framework of corruption and lies

638
00:31:26,600 --> 00:31:30,279
and cover-ups that are curtail it's
simple portland

639
00:31:30,279 --> 00:31:32,740
without so far

640
00:31:32,740 --> 00:31:35,660
successor worst trillion anybody can

641
00:31:35,660 --> 00:31:38,490
escrito try driving oversight bankrupt

642
00:31:38,490 --> 00:31:40,490
and his presume that

643
00:31:40,490 --> 00:31:44,590
uh... we humans does our was just on the
gentleman that night

644
00:31:44,590 --> 00:31:49,350
your tenants are captain time and your
captain kirk company commander sailor

645
00:31:49,350 --> 00:31:50,870
you're under pressure

646
00:31:50,870 --> 00:31:54,500
under pressure to produce a body
captains of carmel semicolon battalion

647
00:31:54,500 --> 00:31:58,220
commander if i don't leave my quota

648
00:31:58,220 --> 00:31:59,730
my career's over with

649
00:31:59,730 --> 00:32:03,500
obvi relieved of command if you really
the combat command

650
00:32:03,500 --> 00:32:05,320
then you're going to take it

651
00:32:05,320 --> 00:32:06,909
but the hierarchy

652
00:32:06,909 --> 00:32:08,510
is is gone

653
00:32:08,510 --> 00:32:11,190
saga squeeze you

654
00:32:11,190 --> 00:32:13,660
and back in some units

655
00:32:13,660 --> 00:32:18,040
it kind of where the informal rule was
if you don't meet your body count quota

656
00:32:18,040 --> 00:32:21,810
and we're going to like they're not
going up to steal we'll just need your

657
00:32:21,810 --> 00:32:25,720
help bring small ammount somewhat kuchma
water but don't expect you know you've

658
00:32:25,720 --> 00:32:29,010
got like produced goods

659
00:32:29,010 --> 00:32:34,880
and unify came back without a body count
or at least prisoner

660
00:32:34,880 --> 00:32:38,090
and and get my hands to

661
00:32:38,090 --> 00:32:43,000
so i kept the patrol out

662
00:32:43,000 --> 00:32:44,389
like talk to uh...

663
00:32:44,389 --> 00:32:49,210
leading to many soldiers who were
wounded they're the ones i saw in japan

664
00:32:49,210 --> 00:32:54,320
and they told me that some units were
given a quota for the week

665
00:32:54,320 --> 00:32:56,580
and if they didn't get it

666
00:32:56,580 --> 00:33:00,940
but they were just sent right back out
again

667
00:33:00,940 --> 00:33:04,510
uh... you're under pressure we severe
severe pressure

668
00:33:04,510 --> 00:33:06,380
would you do

669
00:33:06,380 --> 00:33:08,800
well you can do several things

670
00:33:08,800 --> 00:33:10,950
one you can just to get a bike

671
00:33:10,950 --> 00:33:13,909
you can just add up in the air just like
a a

672
00:33:13,909 --> 00:33:17,570
say call up and have elected everyone in
your unit

673
00:33:17,570 --> 00:33:21,790
kioto your entire class there you two
para frame sixteen for about uh... for

674
00:33:21,790 --> 00:33:23,559
many common admit it

675
00:33:23,559 --> 00:33:27,690
and i'll call up on the radio in the
report that i have a your body count of

676
00:33:27,690 --> 00:33:28,370
thirty

677
00:33:28,370 --> 00:33:32,190
articulate five or something like that

678
00:33:32,190 --> 00:33:35,690
so you get in touch with a communal
company chambers

679
00:33:35,690 --> 00:33:39,340
um... you call an air strike in calling
artillery strike

680
00:33:39,340 --> 00:33:41,640
and the charming you nearby

681
00:33:41,640 --> 00:33:42,690
um...

682
00:33:42,690 --> 00:33:45,680
in you actually having kids when you
find too many bodies

683
00:33:45,680 --> 00:33:47,440
well you know

684
00:33:47,440 --> 00:33:51,860
needed it

685
00:33:51,860 --> 00:33:55,600
if you've got to bodies and you've got
three different units

686
00:33:55,600 --> 00:33:56,960
artillery air

687
00:33:56,960 --> 00:33:58,900
in a country of ours

688
00:33:58,900 --> 00:34:01,990
who is going to get the credit

689
00:34:01,990 --> 00:34:05,900
what if you don't give credit to the
artillery

690
00:34:05,900 --> 00:34:07,700
what do you think might happen

691
00:34:07,700 --> 00:34:12,159
what did he say you fired that munis

692
00:34:12,159 --> 00:34:16,319
does that sound like a large palestinian
artillery commanders dry giving support

693
00:34:16,319 --> 00:34:21,188
to unite become sligo path that m around
how those air force pilots might have to

694
00:34:21,188 --> 00:34:23,409
have a an inaugural solitude

695
00:34:23,409 --> 00:34:24,780
it in your interest

696
00:34:24,780 --> 00:34:29,250
to reward everyone inserts everyone is
under the same system everyone reads

697
00:34:29,250 --> 00:34:30,309
body count

698
00:34:30,309 --> 00:34:31,719
well sure

699
00:34:31,719 --> 00:34:35,989
we give you fifty air force we give you
fifteen gunships we give you get the

700
00:34:35,989 --> 00:34:38,289
autoimmune we on the ground

701
00:34:38,289 --> 00:34:40,899
uh...

702
00:34:40,899 --> 00:34:41,650
i've got

703
00:34:41,650 --> 00:34:45,460
five bodies and i've got five rifles
were counting truck was a five persons

704
00:34:45,460 --> 00:34:47,629
killed so i guess is twenty five

705
00:34:47,629 --> 00:34:51,309
and while we were outstanding around
with continuing coverage

706
00:34:51,309 --> 00:34:53,518
out i beg your pardon tim graves

707
00:34:53,518 --> 00:34:55,188
or count them too

708
00:34:55,188 --> 00:34:56,629
um...

709
00:34:56,629 --> 00:35:00,769
everybody park in body parts a we fine
on my leg injury because sometimes

710
00:35:00,769 --> 00:35:04,639
really whitman air strikes a deal yet
you can blow people smithereens unlike

711
00:35:04,639 --> 00:35:09,349
the warm everywhere everyone is nice
discrete data yeah anne-marie award

712
00:35:09,349 --> 00:35:11,829
it's quiet

713
00:35:11,829 --> 00:35:15,709
there are stories of poor people from
different units had the fight over arms

714
00:35:15,709 --> 00:35:16,869
and legs

715
00:35:16,869 --> 00:35:20,499
to determine who is going to get the
kill cal

716
00:35:20,499 --> 00:35:22,949
pregnant

717
00:35:22,949 --> 00:35:26,719
and of course they got the getting more
pernicious because

718
00:35:26,719 --> 00:35:30,679
they would slaughter vietnamese
civilians and include emini

719
00:35:30,679 --> 00:35:35,359
children women all people include them
as part of the body count

720
00:35:35,359 --> 00:35:38,709
who should get clear on on asking about

721
00:35:38,709 --> 00:35:43,199
in some areas of the war whimper u_s_
forces were fighting uniform north

722
00:35:43,199 --> 00:35:45,629
vietnamese troops

723
00:35:45,629 --> 00:35:49,009
too many civilian casualties

724
00:35:49,009 --> 00:35:53,459
a whole a whole lot of vietnam battles
occurred wait inside the country

725
00:35:53,459 --> 00:35:57,799
where there were the economy a card and
the villagers were off will very much

726
00:35:57,799 --> 00:36:00,569
the same people

727
00:36:00,569 --> 00:36:06,729
went home search and destroy the nations
little-known stuckey limiting the moon

728
00:36:06,729 --> 00:36:07,919
solely

729
00:36:07,919 --> 00:36:14,359
killed everybody

730
00:36:14,359 --> 00:36:15,559
he's happy to be

731
00:36:15,559 --> 00:36:18,149
standing alongside officer

732
00:36:18,149 --> 00:36:21,759
on the radio man said wexler we've got
some children rounded up what do you

733
00:36:21,759 --> 00:36:23,269
want to do it

734
00:36:23,269 --> 00:36:27,779
coming officer says god damn it bring in
a lot to do it and kill the bastards

735
00:36:27,779 --> 00:36:30,930
you ain't got to god damn balls to kill
a marine i'll come down killed a bunch

736
00:36:30,930 --> 00:36:32,679
of myself

737
00:36:32,679 --> 00:36:34,569
marine said yes sir

738
00:36:34,569 --> 00:36:37,869
and hung up the phone

739
00:36:37,869 --> 00:36:43,139
at about two or three minutes later i
heard a lot of automatic fire

740
00:36:43,139 --> 00:36:44,719
and a lot of

741
00:36:44,719 --> 00:36:47,369
children screaming

742
00:36:47,369 --> 00:36:50,599
hired babies crying

743
00:36:50,599 --> 00:36:53,299
angered children

744
00:36:53,299 --> 00:36:58,419
scream in her life

745
00:36:58,419 --> 00:37:01,509
search-and-destroy we support whereas if
you say you

746
00:37:01,509 --> 00:37:04,459
new units burned down villages routinely

747
00:37:04,459 --> 00:37:07,529
um... continue going to be a legendary
again

748
00:37:07,529 --> 00:37:08,670
and

749
00:37:08,670 --> 00:37:12,819
you see the brokers there's only one in
vietnam had about providing it

750
00:37:12,819 --> 00:37:17,129
you here in orange maybe maybe screaming
try get somebody out there that maybe

751
00:37:17,129 --> 00:37:19,309
you just rather than a million

752
00:37:19,309 --> 00:37:22,719
uh... more people start to wet away from
you

753
00:37:22,719 --> 00:37:25,929
and well if they weren't community must
be ready

754
00:37:25,929 --> 00:37:30,639
and so you shoot them in central running
becomes a sign of anatomy

755
00:37:30,639 --> 00:37:33,539
we've been out for about three hours

756
00:37:33,539 --> 00:37:36,809
and i'm really haven't seen anything was
too hot

757
00:37:36,809 --> 00:37:40,659
but then i saw this figure of black
pajamas running along up and he died

758
00:37:40,659 --> 00:37:42,410
about three hundred meters ahead

759
00:37:42,410 --> 00:37:46,560
and to the left a flow how you know i
got what i mean i hollered ten o'clock

760
00:37:46,560 --> 00:37:48,659
even mine

761
00:37:48,659 --> 00:37:53,059
man i a matter of the warning to halt to
regulations

762
00:37:53,059 --> 00:37:56,349
don't lie dont lie

763
00:37:56,349 --> 00:37:58,479
so i got to learn me

764
00:37:58,479 --> 00:38:02,019
squeezed the trigger

765
00:38:02,019 --> 00:38:05,599
blackmun trying like a piece of paper
and augusta win

766
00:38:05,599 --> 00:38:08,879
chlorine got stomped morgan shouted

767
00:38:08,879 --> 00:38:12,409
not shot dead natasha nukem

768
00:38:12,409 --> 00:38:16,559
when you reach the body and that's a
corp space up with my boot

769
00:38:16,559 --> 00:38:18,319
the long run

770
00:38:18,319 --> 00:38:20,729
uh... picked five to sixty

771
00:38:20,729 --> 00:38:22,710
meanwhile he says

772
00:38:22,710 --> 00:38:24,579
stupid goog

773
00:38:24,579 --> 00:38:28,319
when she ran for

774
00:38:28,319 --> 00:38:30,169
uh... we were run

775
00:38:30,169 --> 00:38:32,049
and a free-fire zone

776
00:38:32,049 --> 00:38:37,169
and we saw women a woman and child
running across them that captain says

777
00:38:37,169 --> 00:38:39,709
well they're they're they're running

778
00:38:39,709 --> 00:38:41,680
well free-fire zone

779
00:38:41,680 --> 00:38:45,039
they're running the wrong and they're
the enemy

780
00:38:45,039 --> 00:38:46,219
so he shot him

781
00:38:46,219 --> 00:38:48,599
polls club opened up on

782
00:38:48,599 --> 00:38:50,020
the next morning we went out

783
00:38:50,020 --> 00:38:52,469
and we could see the cap of the child

784
00:38:52,469 --> 00:38:54,199
that was bloody

785
00:38:54,199 --> 00:39:01,119
and you can see where the mother dragged
a child away

786
00:39:01,119 --> 00:39:02,980
prove separate they're afraid

787
00:39:02,980 --> 00:39:04,620
they're trying to survive

788
00:39:04,620 --> 00:39:11,620
and desperate situation but under high
pressure to produce a body count

789
00:39:11,939 --> 00:39:15,059
so yes we got into sustained slaughter

790
00:39:15,059 --> 00:39:16,049
uh...

791
00:39:16,049 --> 00:39:16,990
it means

792
00:39:16,990 --> 00:39:18,669
villagers

793
00:39:18,669 --> 00:39:21,499
you go through the work in a man's hands

794
00:39:21,499 --> 00:39:22,609
energy

795
00:39:22,609 --> 00:39:25,919
if he's a true farmer he has campuses

796
00:39:25,919 --> 00:39:28,160
any pisa grew up

797
00:39:28,160 --> 00:39:31,759
he really fake farmer he doesn't see you
go when you look at the hands of those

798
00:39:31,759 --> 00:39:35,489
if he doesn't have enough calluses when
you called in the way he seemed to

799
00:39:35,489 --> 00:39:37,219
interrogation center

800
00:39:37,219 --> 00:39:41,229
would you look at the ankles

801
00:39:41,229 --> 00:39:45,410
a man he was a guerilla he must be and
when that dana julian is any causal

802
00:39:45,410 --> 00:39:49,249
scratch where these are finally when you
have something scratches so people will

803
00:39:49,249 --> 00:39:51,389
go american soldiers will go and look at

804
00:39:51,389 --> 00:39:52,559
ankles

805
00:39:52,559 --> 00:39:56,959
work is going to be actually a problem
identified about nine months time to get

806
00:39:56,959 --> 00:39:58,289
much sleep

807
00:39:58,289 --> 00:40:00,390
so you can answer those are your eyes

808
00:40:00,390 --> 00:40:03,629
so u_s_ soldiers are going to look into
the act

809
00:40:03,629 --> 00:40:07,309
of the vietnamese and try to send him an
incoming banks they hadn't been

810
00:40:07,309 --> 00:40:10,009
convention did he get hauled off

811
00:40:10,009 --> 00:40:11,879
when people in our country

812
00:40:11,879 --> 00:40:13,439
it was not our culture

813
00:40:13,439 --> 00:40:16,659
would not speak the language

814
00:40:16,659 --> 00:40:19,079
imbaba netware looking at war

815
00:40:19,079 --> 00:40:23,189
language culture history class structure
this matter student didn't matter what

816
00:40:23,189 --> 00:40:26,539
matters we had the hollywood minute
didn't

817
00:40:26,539 --> 00:40:27,540
well is that

818
00:40:27,540 --> 00:40:30,899
part of a helicopter gunship we had a
rule

819
00:40:30,899 --> 00:40:34,759
about the use of the day steve actually
met anyone taking dated action to be

820
00:40:34,759 --> 00:40:36,259
fired upon

821
00:40:36,259 --> 00:40:38,349
major explains why

822
00:40:38,349 --> 00:40:41,319
or even what was going to know where
there is one answer that i recall where

823
00:40:41,319 --> 00:40:43,699
we flew over a large rice paddy

824
00:40:43,699 --> 00:40:47,329
and there were some people down they're
working on the rice paddy maybe dozens

825
00:40:47,329 --> 00:40:48,809
fifteen individuals

826
00:40:48,809 --> 00:40:51,430
and we passed over their heads

827
00:40:51,430 --> 00:40:54,799
but in taking action who would you tell
the remembers

828
00:40:54,799 --> 00:40:57,209
amarendra hyder anything

829
00:40:57,209 --> 00:41:01,709
so we are covered by just a few feet off
the ground among about two helicopters

830
00:41:01,709 --> 00:41:05,140
return on our police sirens and
eliminated at least fighters they

831
00:41:05,140 --> 00:41:07,309
started to disperse

832
00:41:07,309 --> 00:41:11,349
instantly open up on this channel nine

833
00:41:11,349 --> 00:41:13,989
when i was six thirty in the evening

834
00:41:13,989 --> 00:41:18,219
and uh... still daylight and they said
there was some greasy out there in the

835
00:41:18,219 --> 00:41:19,789
call on us

836
00:41:19,789 --> 00:41:24,159
so we fired out there until all seven of
them

837
00:41:24,159 --> 00:41:28,819
wentworth comes back to us we killed
seven rice farmers care in their homes

838
00:41:28,819 --> 00:41:31,349
they're trying to make it back to the
village

839
00:41:31,349 --> 00:41:34,230
seaweed set up to this uh... cook for
you

840
00:41:34,230 --> 00:41:37,949
six p_m_ to six a_m_

841
00:41:37,949 --> 00:41:39,189
himself

842
00:41:39,189 --> 00:41:42,279
he was up to them to be out of here by
that time

843
00:41:42,279 --> 00:41:46,329
pale they didn't carry any wrist watches
they didn't have any idea what i mean a

844
00:41:46,329 --> 00:41:49,279
lot

845
00:41:49,279 --> 00:41:50,340
so yes

846
00:41:50,340 --> 00:41:53,989
people got home away from traditional
never came back

847
00:41:53,989 --> 00:41:56,440
uh...

848
00:41:56,440 --> 00:41:59,380
really villagers were brought into the
ground

849
00:41:59,380 --> 00:42:00,989
and blown up

850
00:42:00,989 --> 00:42:02,609
and yes

851
00:42:02,609 --> 00:42:05,829
meaning it means

852
00:42:05,829 --> 00:42:07,659
men women children

853
00:42:07,659 --> 00:42:10,619
chickens water buffalo

854
00:42:10,619 --> 00:42:13,929
pigs complex

855
00:42:13,929 --> 00:42:18,529
often who will care often times you into
village destroyed right shot everything

856
00:42:18,529 --> 00:42:21,639
hamburger crops across and alcohol use

857
00:42:21,639 --> 00:42:24,319
lieutenant and houses

858
00:42:24,319 --> 00:42:27,920
the only you know for people who treat
you right when you walk through that

859
00:42:27,920 --> 00:42:30,729
billy jean do you hate

860
00:42:30,729 --> 00:42:33,809
you know they can be that's not even if
they can be read they won't say nothing

861
00:42:33,809 --> 00:42:34,300
to eat

862
00:42:34,300 --> 00:42:37,970
and we expect him to run out the welcome
those like at world war two type of

863
00:42:37,970 --> 00:42:43,529
stuff you know how do you do you know i
havnt

864
00:42:43,529 --> 00:42:47,329
seems we step outside the door leads the
captain radios them

865
00:42:47,329 --> 00:42:49,439
where under heavy contact

866
00:42:49,439 --> 00:42:53,579
and right away who who spent on jetstar
come in and dropping them five

867
00:42:53,579 --> 00:42:57,189
hundred-pound bombs the whole villages
were leveled

868
00:42:57,189 --> 00:42:59,739
and we go into the next election

869
00:42:59,739 --> 00:43:03,679
and that is search and destroyed

870
00:43:03,679 --> 00:43:08,749
all this was like a part of what you
call the miracle worker

871
00:43:08,749 --> 00:43:10,619
it's essentially

872
00:43:10,619 --> 00:43:13,719
if it's getting to get a new jersey city

873
00:43:13,719 --> 00:43:14,959
in which hope

874
00:43:14,959 --> 00:43:18,799
when it is just orange hat documents
call rules and gatien's they're supposed

875
00:43:18,799 --> 00:43:25,799
to specify when you can open up by when
you can't on civilians bother anyone

876
00:43:26,729 --> 00:43:29,130
used match at all new

877
00:43:29,130 --> 00:43:33,190
instead of other kind of rules have to
let me say that they were under any okay

878
00:43:33,190 --> 00:43:36,930
at but the job that was one looks
unusual containing the emmys wearing

879
00:43:36,930 --> 00:43:38,009
black

880
00:43:38,009 --> 00:43:41,259
uh... the heart was the enemy course all
peasants

881
00:43:41,259 --> 00:43:45,339
that more that international address

882
00:43:45,339 --> 00:43:50,439
soto all kinds of the state rules that
supposedly distinguish b imprint compo

883
00:43:50,439 --> 00:43:54,319
the army's rules were wrong in that we
just didn't know the culture they were

884
00:43:54,319 --> 00:43:57,279
kind of like fabrications that americans
invaded

885
00:43:57,279 --> 00:44:00,399
to try to make themselves feel
legitimate

886
00:44:00,399 --> 00:44:01,929
about who got shot

887
00:44:01,929 --> 00:44:03,589
you know but honestly

888
00:44:03,589 --> 00:44:05,759
people saw through this and said look

889
00:44:05,759 --> 00:44:10,130
we listened to practices in the urban
google disability and he's just bc

890
00:44:10,130 --> 00:44:12,150
immediate means wish you were talking
about

891
00:44:12,150 --> 00:44:13,079
insulting

892
00:44:13,079 --> 00:44:17,059
but also the factor of racism through
like sudden death how much they would

893
00:44:17,059 --> 00:44:21,089
have done that they've been fighting
turbo ites probably much less

894
00:44:21,089 --> 00:44:24,869
course for a chance to go to slopes
planted tank

895
00:44:24,869 --> 00:44:27,589
one definition of the day vietnamese was

896
00:44:27,589 --> 00:44:29,239
their leaders

897
00:44:29,239 --> 00:44:33,409
if they've been napalm they were called
crispy critters

898
00:44:33,409 --> 00:44:35,909
and made one minor went

899
00:44:35,909 --> 00:44:37,810
when we killed a pregnant woman

900
00:44:37,810 --> 00:44:40,399
we can do is to bc

901
00:44:40,399 --> 00:44:41,609
one soldier

902
00:44:41,609 --> 00:44:44,229
and one cadet

903
00:44:44,229 --> 00:44:48,829
now what you do is you know with all the
friendly smith friendly vietnamese onto

904
00:44:48,829 --> 00:44:49,890
ships

905
00:44:49,890 --> 00:44:54,029
and taken out to the south china sea

906
00:44:54,029 --> 00:44:59,249
and then you bomb the country flag

907
00:44:59,249 --> 00:45:04,019
he asleep issued

908
00:45:04,019 --> 00:45:06,669
i'd like to burn the whole country down

909
00:45:06,669 --> 00:45:11,939
and then start again with americans

910
00:45:11,939 --> 00:45:16,929
bombed the schools and churches bombed
iraq steals tuning

911
00:45:16,929 --> 00:45:22,129
showed the children in the courtyard is
just what napalm candy too

912
00:45:22,129 --> 00:45:26,799
strafed apana kill the people dropped
napalm and the square

913
00:45:26,799 --> 00:45:32,229
and get out early ever sunday n ketchum
at the morning in prayer

914
00:45:32,229 --> 00:45:37,769
broke and it to the are being gather
them all around they keep writing

915
00:45:37,769 --> 00:45:43,589
millimeter canon and mold the bastards
and down

916
00:45:43,589 --> 00:45:44,949
there's also

917
00:45:44,949 --> 00:45:46,309
capped a certain

918
00:45:46,309 --> 00:45:47,359
sadism

919
00:45:47,359 --> 00:45:51,409
not only in soldiers on the field but
also intelligence people

920
00:45:51,409 --> 00:45:52,629
people who would

921
00:45:52,629 --> 00:45:55,819
collective years and

922
00:45:55,819 --> 00:45:59,869
fingers and even heads and even
intelligence people with with admit that

923
00:45:59,869 --> 00:46:01,969
they really got off to beating up

924
00:46:01,969 --> 00:46:03,009
the uh...

925
00:46:03,009 --> 00:46:05,269
people they were interrogating

926
00:46:05,269 --> 00:46:06,480
if you don't get nice

927
00:46:06,480 --> 00:46:09,629
bud thrill to do it

928
00:46:09,629 --> 00:46:12,090
when you look for some reason i wore
them once

929
00:46:12,090 --> 00:46:15,329
many had made valiant efforts to try to
talk about

930
00:46:15,329 --> 00:46:18,399
the covers a lot of some sort of warfare

931
00:46:18,399 --> 00:46:19,949
uh...

932
00:46:19,949 --> 00:46:24,269
over there he said his arm clearly a
very strong statist

933
00:46:24,269 --> 00:46:25,270
dimensions

934
00:46:25,270 --> 00:46:26,999
a lot of right

935
00:46:26,999 --> 00:46:31,549
uh... in the field as well as killing a
lot of rates followed by killings

936
00:46:31,549 --> 00:46:34,109
and relations

937
00:46:34,109 --> 00:46:36,259
when we do know

938
00:46:36,259 --> 00:46:40,069
women only before five of us we go into
the village in take a girl

939
00:46:40,069 --> 00:46:42,869
and bring her out to be into the jungle

940
00:46:42,869 --> 00:46:47,929
we tell her to lie on the ground don't
scream otherwise weed killer immediately

941
00:46:47,929 --> 00:46:49,029
and uh...

942
00:46:49,029 --> 00:46:52,959
well how many regards there were well
they did what they want to do it

943
00:46:52,959 --> 00:46:55,899
guys are a good mood they let her go

944
00:46:55,899 --> 00:46:57,599
anyone

945
00:46:57,599 --> 00:47:01,069
and killer

946
00:47:01,069 --> 00:47:02,830
how the girls were

947
00:47:02,830 --> 00:47:04,499
unconscious

948
00:47:04,499 --> 00:47:07,939
that's a big band repeatedly raped

949
00:47:07,939 --> 00:47:10,929
and then after we got your raping and
three of them

950
00:47:10,929 --> 00:47:14,139
g_i_s type and the players and eighty

951
00:47:14,139 --> 00:47:17,979
shot him in the girls vaginas

952
00:47:17,979 --> 00:47:21,130
negroes were bleeding from their mouths
noses

953
00:47:21,130 --> 00:47:23,969
spaces at the jonas

954
00:47:23,969 --> 00:47:30,889
than the g_i_s uh... the plight of the
exterior portion of the players

955
00:47:30,889 --> 00:47:32,150
they exploded

956
00:47:32,150 --> 00:47:34,410
inside the girls click

957
00:47:34,410 --> 00:47:41,409
their stomachs just exploded

958
00:47:41,409 --> 00:47:43,380
well one day i was driving back

959
00:47:43,380 --> 00:47:46,079
travel abroad and on about growth

960
00:47:46,079 --> 00:47:50,829
and a guy comes over to me and he says
he needs some counseling

961
00:47:50,829 --> 00:47:53,369
and say why

962
00:47:53,369 --> 00:47:56,369
i look over and i see this girl when she
strapped

963
00:47:56,369 --> 00:47:59,559
and she's tied the two mistakes

964
00:47:59,559 --> 00:48:02,509
i don't know what they've done to her
before i got there

965
00:48:02,509 --> 00:48:06,749
well they poured gasoline all over the
girl tabela why did it

966
00:48:06,749 --> 00:48:07,390
they let it

967
00:48:07,390 --> 00:48:08,399
and then they just

968
00:48:08,399 --> 00:48:09,809
doug dare

969
00:48:09,809 --> 00:48:14,789
and watched ur bernau

970
00:48:14,789 --> 00:48:20,769
it if you look at the body consistently
see attached only thing that counts

971
00:48:20,769 --> 00:48:26,649
the body can attached but that's what we
were to punishments are distributed by

972
00:48:26,649 --> 00:48:29,439
if that's your etc

973
00:48:29,439 --> 00:48:30,850
energy on command

974
00:48:30,850 --> 00:48:32,680
does it really care

975
00:48:32,680 --> 00:48:34,449
whether you survive

976
00:48:34,449 --> 00:48:37,709
recruiting in a world where anything
goes

977
00:48:37,709 --> 00:48:41,100
it becomes a good times will talk to you
all

978
00:48:41,100 --> 00:48:42,560
it was a rival

979
00:48:42,560 --> 00:48:45,349
or or to hold onto your ethics

980
00:48:45,349 --> 00:48:48,369
i think a good example of this oliver
stone's movie platoon which is currently

981
00:48:48,369 --> 00:48:54,010
in release which has a u_s_ military
unit which severely defied uh... divided

982
00:48:54,010 --> 00:48:55,549
between one group

983
00:48:55,549 --> 00:48:59,999
who commits atrocities and others who
thinks it's a horrible or war situation

984
00:48:59,999 --> 00:49:03,299
and i think that's a good with the good
illustration of public on a dynamics

985
00:49:03,299 --> 00:49:04,960
that could mean the years

986
00:49:04,960 --> 00:49:06,699
illusions ep everyone

987
00:49:06,699 --> 00:49:07,909
is a killer

988
00:49:07,909 --> 00:49:09,979
or or or safe list

989
00:49:09,979 --> 00:49:11,989
its rejection in a structure

990
00:49:11,989 --> 00:49:13,949
wearer

991
00:49:13,949 --> 00:49:15,909
a significant component

992
00:49:15,909 --> 00:49:18,989
of your troops engage in such behavior
but none of it

993
00:49:18,989 --> 00:49:21,859
so it seems that then you know we talk
about coffee

994
00:49:21,859 --> 00:49:23,390
we talk about the line

995
00:49:23,390 --> 00:49:26,069
when you use that term atrocity

996
00:49:26,069 --> 00:49:29,739
it was an exception to a new law that's
not a good way to look at our world

997
00:49:29,739 --> 00:49:30,960
let me lie

998
00:49:30,960 --> 00:49:34,669
and atrocities we're just business as
usual

999
00:49:34,669 --> 00:49:37,889
in in a life seems a little
well-organized in particular organized

1000
00:49:37,889 --> 00:49:38,989
but certainly

1001
00:49:38,989 --> 00:49:42,269
certainly mail i wasn't really village
in vietnam was burned out and everybody

1002
00:49:42,269 --> 00:49:45,839
in sight we shot that is that that is
that is not true at all

1003
00:49:45,839 --> 00:49:49,909
who said that is precisely the reason
ability on the ground war to distinguish

1004
00:49:49,909 --> 00:49:51,089
between

1005
00:49:51,089 --> 00:49:53,920
friend unfair obesity and peasant farmer

1006
00:49:53,920 --> 00:49:58,859
the lead to the next dimension uh... at
the world the participation

1007
00:49:58,859 --> 00:50:04,369
program the fact that they weren't able
to tell who the enemy lads that they had

1008
00:50:04,369 --> 00:50:08,200
to put out the whole country journey
company if you can't open from perot

1009
00:50:08,200 --> 00:50:12,300
the needy populate the countryside him
rudimentary few into concentration camps

1010
00:50:12,300 --> 00:50:15,559
and retreat urban slums

1011
00:50:15,559 --> 00:50:19,489
it's not easy to be popular countryside
for several major techniques were used

1012
00:50:19,489 --> 00:50:22,650
to kill podi asian should be destroyed a
third base of the country

1013
00:50:22,650 --> 00:50:25,269
this is where wage in orange county

1014
00:50:25,269 --> 00:50:29,089
agent orange in asian blue nationwide
were sprayed on

1015
00:50:29,089 --> 00:50:31,209
millions of acres of crop land

1016
00:50:31,209 --> 00:50:34,729
uh... other millions of acres a force
with affiliated

1017
00:50:34,729 --> 00:50:36,299
so if it based on

1018
00:50:36,299 --> 00:50:38,049
people have to work

1019
00:50:38,049 --> 00:50:39,069
secondly

1020
00:50:39,069 --> 00:50:41,429
certainly bottoming attacks

1021
00:50:41,429 --> 00:50:45,109
on villages which were quite quite
extensive discouraging courage people to

1022
00:50:45,109 --> 00:50:45,989
move

1023
00:50:45,989 --> 00:50:49,569
an employer actual search-and-destroy
operations were villages

1024
00:50:49,569 --> 00:50:53,340
sandwich everyone is killed others in
which you should be surrounded village

1025
00:50:53,340 --> 00:50:56,059
mood everyone out being burned at the
village

1026
00:50:56,059 --> 00:50:58,509
in mood in the middle east three minutes

1027
00:50:58,509 --> 00:50:59,829
uh...

1028
00:50:59,829 --> 00:51:03,689
millions and millions of years and
hospitals worse yet

1029
00:51:03,689 --> 00:51:04,739
too

1030
00:51:04,739 --> 00:51:07,309
concentration camps into urban slums

1031
00:51:07,309 --> 00:51:10,539
what's so interesting is the american
solicit progress this was our

1032
00:51:10,539 --> 00:51:11,749
organization

1033
00:51:11,749 --> 00:51:14,579
rural is bad berman is good

1034
00:51:14,579 --> 00:51:16,389
so

1035
00:51:16,389 --> 00:51:18,819
even though they have nothing

1036
00:51:18,819 --> 00:51:22,669
it was brought into the uh... sees a
sign of progress

1037
00:51:22,669 --> 00:51:25,539
through bring vietnamese and where

1038
00:51:25,539 --> 00:51:28,119
you could show them t_v_ and

1039
00:51:28,119 --> 00:51:29,919
uh...

1040
00:51:29,919 --> 00:51:32,790
and make them work in american uh...

1041
00:51:32,790 --> 00:51:34,769
bases and so on and so forth

1042
00:51:34,769 --> 00:51:38,269
was seen in setting up a more
sophisticated job and being a peasant

1043
00:51:38,269 --> 00:51:39,179
farmer

1044
00:51:39,179 --> 00:51:43,739
this is also part i think senator i'm
i'm not saying the enemy and a as

1045
00:51:43,739 --> 00:51:48,729
uh... culture or as individuals or
people the same time just as mirror

1046
00:51:48,729 --> 00:51:50,339
images of urself

1047
00:51:50,339 --> 00:51:54,429
like they'd bombing of north vietnam was
forced her to mcveigh's during their

1048
00:51:54,429 --> 00:51:57,379
capacity to have consumer goods

1049
00:51:57,379 --> 00:51:59,679
certainly interesting idea

1050
00:51:59,679 --> 00:52:04,339
you would take the numeric restricted

1051
00:52:04,339 --> 00:52:06,560
no getting scared about their hope

1052
00:52:06,560 --> 00:52:10,400
that they would care about their way
other than a dog in their ancestors

1053
00:52:10,400 --> 00:52:14,119
grave in their life's field to retrieve
it instead

1054
00:52:14,119 --> 00:52:18,239
simply just to have vishnu good have
this close to surrender deliver the

1055
00:52:18,239 --> 00:52:19,919
earlier

1056
00:52:19,919 --> 00:52:23,639
but that in itself was just unmitigated
good like people's lives were not

1057
00:52:23,639 --> 00:52:26,060
important part of the root of human
dimension

1058
00:52:26,060 --> 00:52:28,799
was completely lost listed america's bid

1059
00:52:28,799 --> 00:52:29,989
we can count

1060
00:52:29,989 --> 00:52:33,839
ham a_t_t_'s reported this month how
many hundreds and how they're by i think

1061
00:52:33,839 --> 00:52:36,369
that the war was applicable

1062
00:52:36,369 --> 00:52:37,809
the vietnam in a way

1063
00:52:37,809 --> 00:52:40,859
certainly hit exactly it could be in
many ways to create a tremendous

1064
00:52:40,859 --> 00:52:41,660
destruction

1065
00:52:41,660 --> 00:52:43,749
but he could not stop

1066
00:52:43,749 --> 00:52:46,680
a very powerful united people who

1067
00:52:46,680 --> 00:52:50,830
trying to change the law that this will
be a our topic then expelled them with

1068
00:52:50,830 --> 00:52:51,949
that at a time

1069
00:52:51,949 --> 00:52:56,489
for the day and next week we received
the limitations of that the world white

1070
00:52:56,489 --> 00:53:01,799
it failed in vietnam also discuss what's
wrong with the liberal and conservative

1071
00:53:01,799 --> 00:53:06,539
interpretations in vietnam we'll see
what lessons we can drop couldn't he had

1072
00:53:06,539 --> 00:53:10,859
not experienced we also will talk about
some other aspects of the vietnam war of

1073
00:53:10,859 --> 00:53:13,169
the tet offensive for instance

1074
00:53:13,169 --> 00:53:16,619
but uh... the big turning point in the
world body revisionist historians

1075
00:53:16,619 --> 00:53:20,289
particularly conservative said that it
was an american victory

1076
00:53:20,289 --> 00:53:23,189
whether there was it not also talk about
this

1077
00:53:23,189 --> 00:53:26,609
fascinating phenomenon which the
american army

1078
00:53:26,609 --> 00:53:29,179
refused to fight or many elements in our
bed

1079
00:53:29,179 --> 00:53:32,569
as a matter of fact they start attacking
their own officers and uh... senior

1080
00:53:32,569 --> 00:53:34,829
enlisted people

1081
00:53:34,829 --> 00:53:36,969
phenomenon is

1082
00:53:36,969 --> 00:53:40,080
and will conclude with a discussion of
some of the parallels

1083
00:53:40,080 --> 00:53:42,839
the central america of some of the
failures

1084
00:53:42,839 --> 00:53:48,810
of u_s_ policy in central america how
they can be eliminated by the failures

1085
00:53:48,810 --> 00:53:53,140
of the policy in vietnam so that thanks
for coming tonight denies that he had a

1086
00:53:53,140 --> 00:53:56,549
nice being informative discussion i will
look forward

1087
00:53:56,549 --> 00:53:59,969
through next week

1088
00:53:59,969 --> 00:54:04,219
welcomed alternative use them for the
second or two part series

1089
00:54:04,219 --> 00:54:06,889
about the vietnam war

1090
00:54:06,889 --> 00:54:12,290
bill gibson who wrote an incredible book
about vietnam war called the perfect war

1091
00:54:12,290 --> 00:54:13,440
technol war

1092
00:54:13,440 --> 00:54:16,910
and his blood the perfect lloyd cutler
war in vietnam

1093
00:54:16,910 --> 00:54:21,370
was recently published by a blanket
monthly press and itself i was there is

1094
00:54:21,370 --> 00:54:25,050
an extremely good reviews it was
favorably reviewed in the wall street

1095
00:54:25,050 --> 00:54:31,020
journal curtis review described it as a
perceptive coach insignificant

1096
00:54:31,020 --> 00:54:36,260
and so far the best analysis of the main
of america's on the military defeat

1097
00:54:36,260 --> 00:54:41,980
highly recommended gloria emerson in a
review described the broadcast although

1098
00:54:41,980 --> 00:54:46,930
many valuable books on the word fifty as
records obtained an endurance there's no

1099
00:54:46,930 --> 00:54:49,359
work through the cheese but this does

1100
00:54:49,359 --> 00:54:52,450
because he might just say this from our
most comfortable

1101
00:54:52,450 --> 00:54:57,819
life instead delusions william gibson
should the honored and john stockwell

1102
00:54:57,819 --> 00:54:59,900
describes his broadcast

1103
00:54:59,900 --> 00:55:03,799
and all of my research on the subject
that are not going to compare with

1104
00:55:03,799 --> 00:55:08,089
doctor gibson's perfect war her
invaluable insights in the u_s_

1105
00:55:08,089 --> 00:55:09,310
methodology

1106
00:55:09,310 --> 00:55:13,969
it's hideous the results of the war
tonight we're going to talk about

1107
00:55:13,969 --> 00:55:16,059
the things we didn't cover um...

1108
00:55:16,059 --> 00:55:17,490
we're going to talk about tet

1109
00:55:17,490 --> 00:55:19,889
the importance of appetite offensive

1110
00:55:19,889 --> 00:55:23,099
we're going to talk about cali united
states army

1111
00:55:23,099 --> 00:55:24,959
slot and and uh...

1112
00:55:24,959 --> 00:55:27,949
they decide they were not a fight that
war anymore

1113
00:55:27,949 --> 00:55:32,449
we're going to have an evaluation of the
vietnam war how many how the people look

1114
00:55:32,449 --> 00:55:33,509
at it

1115
00:55:33,509 --> 00:55:38,249
from various aspects and will also take
a final okay have we learned our lessons

1116
00:55:38,249 --> 00:55:40,929
are we still biting fighting techno war

1117
00:55:40,929 --> 00:55:44,849
and central america or at least planning
to

1118
00:55:44,849 --> 00:55:48,500
what is your interpretation of at the
water we get involved

1119
00:55:48,500 --> 00:55:50,269
in vietnam

1120
00:55:50,269 --> 00:55:53,649
techno warming to fight wars production
process

1121
00:55:53,649 --> 00:55:57,249
the military became deeply impressed
with big businesses contributions of

1122
00:55:57,249 --> 00:55:58,809
world war two

1123
00:55:58,809 --> 00:56:02,219
after world war two the military can
decided that not only would like to

1124
00:56:02,219 --> 00:56:06,129
supply operations be organized to a
corporate alliance but that actual

1125
00:56:06,129 --> 00:56:09,759
conduct the warfare will be organized
while corporate lines

1126
00:56:09,759 --> 00:56:13,059
the officer quoted managers they listed
meeting with the workers

1127
00:56:13,059 --> 00:56:15,299
the product was in the body count

1128
00:56:15,299 --> 00:56:18,819
just is american business prided itself
on high technology capital-intensive

1129
00:56:18,819 --> 00:56:20,339
production systems

1130
00:56:20,339 --> 00:56:25,019
so to our military have high-technology
capital intensive work there

1131
00:56:25,019 --> 00:56:27,279
to al produced

1132
00:56:27,279 --> 00:56:29,779
we would kill more them and they would
have us

1133
00:56:29,779 --> 00:56:31,909
stats technolo

1134
00:56:31,909 --> 00:56:34,179
why was it applied in vietnam

1135
00:56:34,179 --> 00:56:35,219
because

1136
00:56:35,219 --> 00:56:38,929
after world war two in the fifties the
soviets had the atomic bomb they could

1137
00:56:38,929 --> 00:56:41,049
be in destroy our economy

1138
00:56:41,049 --> 00:56:45,299
aka base a pop our if we intervene
militarily in the work in the world

1139
00:56:45,299 --> 00:56:49,259
with too much force the argue clear was
to fight limited war

1140
00:56:49,259 --> 00:56:51,420
indefinitely and the third world

1141
00:56:51,420 --> 00:56:55,140
we will use oddly just-in-time
production system over there and ride to

1142
00:56:55,140 --> 00:56:57,639
the other side bankrupt

1143
00:56:57,639 --> 00:56:58,710
why vietnam

1144
00:56:58,710 --> 00:57:00,799
beckons saw

1145
00:57:00,799 --> 00:57:04,459
communism not is another cut the social
organization is another culture as

1146
00:57:04,459 --> 00:57:05,489
another

1147
00:57:05,489 --> 00:57:06,839
political system

1148
00:57:06,839 --> 00:57:11,549
but instead they saw americans it has to
do it in the natural

1149
00:57:11,549 --> 00:57:14,690
she died like in congress will support
it other

1150
00:57:14,690 --> 00:57:18,309
and alien kind of being the world was
divided into super tuesday acts of

1151
00:57:18,309 --> 00:57:19,759
people communist

1152
00:57:19,759 --> 00:57:21,199
and non-communist

1153
00:57:21,199 --> 00:57:22,429
and therefore

1154
00:57:22,429 --> 00:57:26,409
if i get a good credit their side our
side

1155
00:57:26,409 --> 00:57:27,429
by the time

1156
00:57:27,429 --> 00:57:31,539
the credit in these over to the creation
of late fifties we had a period limited

1157
00:57:31,539 --> 00:57:34,080
warrant act we had a conventional forces

1158
00:57:34,080 --> 00:57:36,059
ready to go by the late fifties

1159
00:57:36,059 --> 00:57:37,599
vietnam should be convenient

1160
00:57:37,599 --> 00:57:39,659
load place to test out

1161
00:57:39,659 --> 00:57:42,079
this new theory of warfare techno war

1162
00:57:42,079 --> 00:57:44,840
and a place to drive before another
batch

1163
00:57:44,840 --> 00:57:49,059
kentucky but that's not been fascinated
in near a book about how

1164
00:57:49,059 --> 00:57:52,299
a major part of the u_s_ supported a
certain part

1165
00:57:52,299 --> 00:57:56,559
of the war was to win the hearts and
minds of the vietnamese through

1166
00:57:56,559 --> 00:58:00,819
important u_s_ commodities olympia that
u_s_ government actually put up the

1167
00:58:00,819 --> 00:58:01,709
money

1168
00:58:01,709 --> 00:58:06,899
to import these commodities and created
the whole infrastructure

1169
00:58:06,899 --> 00:58:11,349
and rather than win the hearts and minds
out of the overwhelming majority of the

1170
00:58:11,349 --> 00:58:15,389
vietnamese people the just created more
corruption in a quality you want to talk

1171
00:58:15,389 --> 00:58:16,589
about

1172
00:58:16,589 --> 00:58:21,759
that aspect of your details just hard to
us to realize how much money was poured

1173
00:58:21,759 --> 00:58:24,979
into the country and so many ways

1174
00:58:24,979 --> 00:58:27,339
if you're a high vietnamese

1175
00:58:27,339 --> 00:58:30,649
general crooner japanese government

1176
00:58:30,649 --> 00:58:33,319
army positions well business positions

1177
00:58:33,319 --> 00:58:36,710
and would most american aid was on the
list

1178
00:58:36,710 --> 00:58:40,089
for sale on the international market by
the time in iraq

1179
00:58:40,089 --> 00:58:42,029
the level of staffed

1180
00:58:42,029 --> 00:58:45,639
unbelievably high in the only reason you
decide whether to try to control with

1181
00:58:45,639 --> 00:58:46,809
that

1182
00:58:46,809 --> 00:58:50,379
the american government's issue every
decision

1183
00:58:50,379 --> 00:58:54,609
by the officer corps as the price we
have to pay for continuing the war

1184
00:58:54,609 --> 00:58:58,359
so therefore in order to get something
we choose the vietnamese people would

1185
00:58:58,359 --> 00:58:59,290
have seemed more

1186
00:58:59,290 --> 00:59:01,199
in more and more

1187
00:59:01,199 --> 00:59:04,689
and there's an element of truth in that
but also the greater truth was that

1188
00:59:04,689 --> 00:59:07,179
simply corruption became compounded

1189
00:59:07,179 --> 00:59:10,749
and uh... the riches became became
greater we're talking about

1190
00:59:10,749 --> 00:59:15,919
millions and millions upon hundreds of
millions of dollars may or even

1191
00:59:15,919 --> 00:59:19,139
currency manipulation currency fraud
wasn't gimmick

1192
00:59:19,139 --> 00:59:21,549
if you knew how to play the game

1193
00:59:21,549 --> 00:59:25,929
you could get rich simply by exchanging
your money from from dollars to be

1194
00:59:25,929 --> 00:59:30,069
esters to military scripting back again

1195
00:59:30,069 --> 00:59:36,439
just nothing just by playing play with
the rules a little bit

1196
00:59:36,439 --> 00:59:39,849
that you didn't

1197
00:59:39,849 --> 00:59:42,919
including massive inflation

1198
00:59:42,919 --> 00:59:47,239
admit little odd for most people got
worse its

1199
00:59:47,239 --> 00:59:50,319
what were your jobs available a few
people on top

1200
00:59:50,319 --> 00:59:54,049
were able to make money off this cluster
stealing the american editor of the

1201
00:59:54,049 --> 00:59:57,439
bottom of your jobs open for you

1202
00:59:57,439 --> 01:00:00,499
you can work for the american she could
work on the base

1203
01:00:00,499 --> 01:00:03,799
you could be an interpreter maybe if you
had minimal language skills resort

1204
01:00:03,799 --> 01:00:04,919
remain

1205
01:00:04,919 --> 01:00:05,949
hillerman

1206
01:00:05,949 --> 01:00:09,209
there has been set up like a half
million vietnamese women and gauge duke

1207
01:00:09,209 --> 01:00:11,629
some kind of commercial sex

1208
01:00:11,629 --> 01:00:15,209
prostitution massage parlors where ever
you want to call it which grossed of

1209
01:00:15,209 --> 01:00:16,309
there is hope

1210
01:00:16,309 --> 01:00:19,269
multilevel herb sexual marketplace

1211
01:00:19,269 --> 01:00:25,699
uh... threatening other drugs do drugs
subject huge huge caroline

1212
01:00:25,699 --> 01:00:29,029
importation coming from all places
coming from laos

1213
01:00:29,029 --> 01:00:32,729
and the c_i_a_ was running a warrant
last winter

1214
01:00:32,729 --> 01:00:36,289
the hills people and liberation
government

1215
01:00:36,289 --> 01:00:40,049
in order to buy it the leaders of the
kills people by the way ocean government

1216
01:00:40,049 --> 01:00:43,409
they had to acquiesce to the heroin
trade

1217
01:00:43,409 --> 01:00:47,659
tons of heroin were brought in a rare
america planes and limit means air force

1218
01:00:47,659 --> 01:00:52,929
planes we find in bangkok in other
places in seoul on in in in two u_s_

1219
01:00:52,929 --> 01:00:54,649
soldiers in vietnam

1220
01:00:54,649 --> 01:00:57,779
south you're going to use them in the
military leadership was also heavily

1221
01:00:57,779 --> 01:01:00,179
involved narcotics business

1222
01:01:00,179 --> 01:01:04,749
general and subsequent president of the
republic of vietnam when band to ran one

1223
01:01:04,749 --> 01:01:05,979
major operation

1224
01:01:05,979 --> 01:01:08,119
welwyn county

1225
01:01:08,119 --> 01:01:09,719
but i'm sure marshall

1226
01:01:09,719 --> 01:01:11,899
premier and vice president

1227
01:01:11,899 --> 01:01:14,699
ran another

1228
01:01:14,699 --> 01:01:16,579
for orphans what could you do

1229
01:01:16,579 --> 01:01:20,099
shoeshine business wasn't so i think
it's had to make money

1230
01:01:20,099 --> 01:01:23,789
on the side shining shoes was like a
definition

1231
01:01:23,789 --> 01:01:26,569
uh... going through garbage dumps

1232
01:01:26,569 --> 01:01:28,069
job today

1233
01:01:28,069 --> 01:01:33,039
dismal live in this new world in vietnam
not a consumer paradiso and then the

1234
01:01:33,039 --> 01:01:35,759
other hand you have the black market

1235
01:01:35,759 --> 01:01:39,849
where as you say in your book you could
buy a million by tank armored personnel

1236
01:01:39,849 --> 01:01:40,750
carriers

1237
01:01:40,750 --> 01:01:44,680
and of course viet cong where cabin on
the template themselves whenever they

1238
01:01:44,680 --> 01:01:47,810
need american goods they consider
themselves out the problem

1239
01:01:47,810 --> 01:01:50,230
the other aspect of the u_s_ policy

1240
01:01:50,230 --> 01:01:54,559
well as anti-war part of their your most
brilliant chapters in descriptions in

1241
01:01:54,559 --> 01:01:58,609
your book of the magnitude in nature of
the air war

1242
01:01:58,609 --> 01:02:03,019
and vietnam who was mentally i guess
directed against north vietnam

1243
01:02:03,019 --> 01:02:06,839
do i discussed on elements of anymore

1244
01:02:06,839 --> 01:02:10,539
therefore is a factory

1245
01:02:10,539 --> 01:02:13,060
then clearly when you look at their
their work

1246
01:02:13,060 --> 01:02:16,029
we got the biggest back we may have
nothing

1247
01:02:16,029 --> 01:02:19,949
by american reasoning you looked at me
shit given at the data first bombs

1248
01:02:19,949 --> 01:02:23,289
dropped on the market not because they
had such a small small industrial

1249
01:02:23,289 --> 01:02:25,069
apparatus

1250
01:02:25,069 --> 01:02:26,969
such a smoke

1251
01:02:26,969 --> 01:02:28,890
number of bridges and things

1252
01:02:28,890 --> 01:02:33,009
if you would think they would have just
given up

1253
01:02:33,009 --> 01:02:34,419
they didn't

1254
01:02:34,419 --> 01:02:36,109
um...

1255
01:02:36,109 --> 01:02:39,669
they were willing to sacrifice their
industrial apparatus billing to the

1256
01:02:39,669 --> 01:02:42,549
chips or the massive mention casualties

1257
01:02:42,549 --> 01:02:44,149
and indeed

1258
01:02:44,149 --> 01:02:46,029
contrary to american

1259
01:02:46,029 --> 01:02:51,129
mythology where the vietcong were simply
to being totally supported from

1260
01:02:51,129 --> 01:02:52,049
the north

1261
01:02:52,049 --> 01:02:53,179
rectly

1262
01:02:53,179 --> 01:02:56,699
eighty percent of supplies the viet cong
used to even have been eighty percent

1263
01:02:56,699 --> 01:03:01,479
supplies to india unusual raised himself
a small number supplies were sent out

1264
01:03:01,479 --> 01:03:04,859
it couldn't be stopped

1265
01:03:04,859 --> 01:03:07,559
no matter how hard the u_s_ bombed

1266
01:03:07,559 --> 01:03:11,499
no matter how hard you escalated his
campaigns

1267
01:03:11,499 --> 01:03:15,049
no matter even after the close the
pulitzer prize carmen distorted to

1268
01:03:15,049 --> 01:03:18,910
systematically bombing the railroad
lines between china and vietnam

1269
01:03:18,910 --> 01:03:20,399
he couldn't stop it

1270
01:03:20,399 --> 01:03:22,229
the number of supplies

1271
01:03:22,229 --> 01:03:23,849
wasn't that great

1272
01:03:23,849 --> 01:03:25,209
on that the other hand

1273
01:03:25,209 --> 01:03:28,869
air worded mobilizing north vietnamese
people

1274
01:03:28,869 --> 01:03:31,009
to exit considerable degree

1275
01:03:31,009 --> 01:03:32,019
uh...

1276
01:03:32,019 --> 01:03:34,869
everyone had a job of one kind or
another

1277
01:03:34,869 --> 01:03:38,779
either repairing the railroad repairing
the roads are taking over industry or

1278
01:03:38,779 --> 01:03:40,519
working in agriculture

1279
01:03:40,519 --> 01:03:45,259
so immobilized him consolidated that
society

1280
01:03:45,259 --> 01:03:47,639
too

1281
01:03:47,639 --> 01:03:51,049
terry on much like to nazi attack on
great britain

1282
01:03:51,049 --> 01:03:54,590
consolidated british morale which is
open on the other hand

1283
01:03:54,590 --> 01:03:58,580
the people you say well well obama back
to the stone age and we just practically

1284
01:03:58,580 --> 01:04:02,259
dead most people don't recognize yet

1285
01:04:02,259 --> 01:04:06,909
united states air force and navy drop
between eighteen fifty million tons of

1286
01:04:06,909 --> 01:04:11,619
bombs and rockets on southeast asia or
world war two united states dropped two

1287
01:04:11,619 --> 01:04:13,639
point one million tons

1288
01:04:13,639 --> 01:04:15,649
so the minimum s but then

1289
01:04:15,649 --> 01:04:19,069
it's about four times greater in world
war two amigos at almost eight times

1290
01:04:19,069 --> 01:04:20,899
greater than world war two

1291
01:04:20,899 --> 01:04:26,339
and u_s_ motives nineteen sixty-seven
report he has a party category summary

1292
01:04:26,339 --> 01:04:31,079
the largest category in after vehicles
is buildings

1293
01:04:31,079 --> 01:04:34,429
when you listen to the report support
observers on the ground with the report

1294
01:04:34,429 --> 01:04:37,450
is just about any modern cstaylor brick
structure

1295
01:04:37,450 --> 01:04:42,249
over to to store all but one story

1296
01:04:42,249 --> 01:04:45,779
because we're going to look like targets
unless there's a lot of those which are

1297
01:04:45,779 --> 01:04:49,979
just on a more hospitals a lot of more
schools yes book and i was bomb back the

1298
01:04:49,979 --> 01:04:51,809
stone age there's no doubt about that

1299
01:04:51,809 --> 01:04:55,299
but because they were not fighting a
technolo

1300
01:04:55,299 --> 01:04:58,199
at illegal implemented

1301
01:04:58,199 --> 01:05:00,829
now we saw in the previous program

1302
01:05:00,829 --> 01:05:03,299
where at this

1303
01:05:03,299 --> 01:05:06,549
uh... production assembly line type of
attitude

1304
01:05:06,549 --> 01:05:09,939
resulted in date demand for body count

1305
01:05:09,939 --> 01:05:12,089
or the land troops

1306
01:05:12,089 --> 01:05:13,669
in the air war

1307
01:05:13,669 --> 01:05:18,719
they also have production quotas but i'm
not going to organization of this

1308
01:05:18,719 --> 01:05:20,619
was right the unit of measurement

1309
01:05:20,619 --> 01:05:24,549
it's called a sortie want fight by one
airplane

1310
01:05:24,549 --> 01:05:27,219
and therefore squadrons queens

1311
01:05:27,219 --> 01:05:29,549
therefore it behold large units have

1312
01:05:29,549 --> 01:05:32,249
rates of production that they are
supposed to me

1313
01:05:32,249 --> 01:05:36,709
the navy the air force and indeed were
incumbent in competition with each other

1314
01:05:36,709 --> 01:05:39,649
to see you can quote you the most
productive

1315
01:05:39,649 --> 01:05:43,889
therefore the through the object was to
fly into many nations as possible

1316
01:05:43,889 --> 01:05:47,019
within a of finite period of time like a
week or a month

1317
01:05:47,019 --> 01:05:49,319
or whatever

1318
01:05:49,319 --> 01:05:54,119
so relevant and pay attention to really
what you were bombing or to pay

1319
01:05:54,119 --> 01:05:55,949
attention to

1320
01:05:55,949 --> 01:05:58,010
the safest way too

1321
01:05:58,010 --> 01:06:01,829
protect your pilots in the way to
minimize civilian casualties

1322
01:06:01,829 --> 01:06:02,919
instead

1323
01:06:02,919 --> 01:06:05,069
military war managers

1324
01:06:05,069 --> 01:06:08,129
devise ways to maximize sori rates

1325
01:06:08,129 --> 01:06:09,699
and consequently

1326
01:06:09,699 --> 01:06:12,169
entered into serious

1327
01:06:12,169 --> 01:06:14,359
irrational behavior

1328
01:06:14,359 --> 01:06:18,159
they black and grey award where u_s_
commander treated their own ground truth

1329
01:06:18,159 --> 01:06:19,329
is expendable

1330
01:06:19,329 --> 01:06:21,939
higher commensurate colleges expendable

1331
01:06:21,939 --> 01:06:24,239
they would often be center missions

1332
01:06:24,239 --> 01:06:27,390
alarm say looking for trucks in the
middle of rain storms when it's

1333
01:06:27,390 --> 01:06:29,009
impossible to see trucks

1334
01:06:29,009 --> 01:06:32,299
compiled into the ground you know you
can even see the ground when by thinking

1335
01:06:32,299 --> 01:06:33,410
about it

1336
01:06:33,410 --> 01:06:35,669
but that keeps the saudi rahi hai

1337
01:06:35,669 --> 01:06:39,790
or also say you're supposed to you know
which way we were given target

1338
01:06:39,790 --> 01:06:41,380
it is the targets crimean

1339
01:06:41,380 --> 01:06:44,210
but you still sing your planes up there
every day

1340
01:06:44,210 --> 01:06:47,369
five days in a robotic saxony murdered

1341
01:06:47,369 --> 01:06:48,589
in order so that

1342
01:06:48,589 --> 01:06:49,949
because that's simply

1343
01:06:49,949 --> 01:06:53,689
this like a factory you keep doing the
same retained

1344
01:06:53,689 --> 01:06:56,409
but we sure telegraphed punches

1345
01:06:56,409 --> 01:07:00,389
not all that many targets in that area
and i didn't take too many smarts to

1346
01:07:00,389 --> 01:07:02,079
figure out about

1347
01:07:02,079 --> 01:07:04,909
where they have forces headed

1348
01:07:04,909 --> 01:07:06,399
specially wen li

1349
01:07:06,399 --> 01:07:10,169
headed american date after a day

1350
01:07:10,169 --> 01:07:14,789
making them fly up to the target before
making a good or not go decision on the

1351
01:07:14,789 --> 01:07:18,309
weather that we already knew was not
acceptable

1352
01:07:18,309 --> 01:07:23,179
we turned over the target and came back
again the next day

1353
01:07:23,179 --> 01:07:25,729
to try again

1354
01:07:25,729 --> 01:07:28,329
but this miracle pilots does it

1355
01:07:28,329 --> 01:07:29,279
they died

1356
01:07:29,279 --> 01:07:32,699
because the vietnamese clearly
understood where the americans were from

1357
01:07:32,699 --> 01:07:37,609
flying the same pattern everyday and
they understood that

1358
01:07:37,609 --> 01:07:39,710
and then we just keep coming so

1359
01:07:39,710 --> 01:07:43,019
but often frequently vietnamese did was
simply move more and more antiaircraft

1360
01:07:43,019 --> 01:07:47,199
guns into an area that the americans for
some reason one of the bomb

1361
01:07:47,199 --> 01:07:48,439
in whatever happens

1362
01:07:48,439 --> 01:07:52,749
american pilots and that means fighting
uh...

1363
01:07:52,749 --> 01:07:56,509
violations against you pick our kids
surrounded by hundreds and hundreds of

1364
01:07:56,509 --> 01:07:58,129
any aircraft weapons

1365
01:07:58,129 --> 01:07:59,469
in in this way

1366
01:07:59,469 --> 01:08:02,839
uh... by telegraphing are both countries

1367
01:08:02,839 --> 01:08:06,059
uh... american pilots died

1368
01:08:06,059 --> 01:08:10,560
i talked with a couple of the new
apoplectic f_-four pilot to blame

1369
01:08:10,560 --> 01:08:14,630
who told me to end up with a gun at
recently and im before playing mission

1370
01:08:14,630 --> 01:08:17,658
carrying a very small bomb load

1371
01:08:17,658 --> 01:08:23,500
one pilot told me his goodness t_p_ was
so mad we risk eight guys he said

1372
01:08:23,500 --> 01:08:28,889
when we could have come to hold on one
plane risking only two people

1373
01:08:28,889 --> 01:08:30,959
and on the job better

1374
01:08:30,959 --> 01:08:36,189
well then i have scheme or why did they
send out four planes

1375
01:08:36,189 --> 01:08:39,219
the pilot said and if i know

1376
01:08:39,219 --> 01:08:42,229
blessed just to keep our sortie rate
high

1377
01:08:42,229 --> 01:08:47,059
but i'll tell you this if they got and
crime

1378
01:08:47,059 --> 01:08:49,969
we know what you heard about this orgy
business on an aircraft carrier

1379
01:08:49,969 --> 01:08:54,078
consolation the navy pilots who told me
that he could do a better job of the few

1380
01:08:54,078 --> 01:08:58,908
eighty six is operating in the safety of
darkness then with all those sky hawks

1381
01:08:58,908 --> 01:09:02,669
kidding around the world wide load in
daylight

1382
01:09:02,669 --> 01:09:06,939
so i wouldn't think possible appear that
the maybe was trying to alps or t_v_ air

1383
01:09:06,939 --> 01:09:07,559
force

1384
01:09:07,559 --> 01:09:11,029
an air force was tried on sorting the
navy

1385
01:09:11,029 --> 01:09:13,948
my guys who were flying the sorties

1386
01:09:13,948 --> 01:09:16,158
took a dim view of it

1387
01:09:16,158 --> 01:09:20,179
and we had uh... incredible story in
your book or

1388
01:09:20,179 --> 01:09:21,020
about

1389
01:09:21,020 --> 01:09:25,090
probably north vietnamese was actually
bring down the american jets with

1390
01:09:25,090 --> 01:09:27,359
handguns and rifles

1391
01:09:27,359 --> 01:09:29,710
seems unbelievable arsonists

1392
01:09:29,710 --> 01:09:33,120
in an advance group of american
standpoint it is unbelievable

1393
01:09:33,120 --> 01:09:36,899
in the acually c advanced technology
system like a jet fighter bomber needs

1394
01:09:36,899 --> 01:09:41,429
another advance technology like a sam
missile not to bring it down

1395
01:09:41,429 --> 01:09:43,890
and there is a lot of some interest in
that but

1396
01:09:43,890 --> 01:09:47,479
north vietnam underwent a tremendous
social mobilization

1397
01:09:47,479 --> 01:09:51,889
part of that mobilization group while
giving almost every one of god

1398
01:09:51,889 --> 01:09:56,919
me that there's still a submachine gun
arrive forever or light machine guns

1399
01:09:56,919 --> 01:10:01,960
the entire society was organizes a giant
in new york way any aircraft system

1400
01:10:01,960 --> 01:10:04,960
emmett clark really low level

1401
01:10:04,960 --> 01:10:07,540
vietnamese present were under
instructions

1402
01:10:07,540 --> 01:10:12,170
to simply get out in the field en masse
lie down and shoot up in the act to try

1403
01:10:12,170 --> 01:10:14,659
to provide barrage

1404
01:10:14,659 --> 01:10:15,770
with make

1405
01:10:15,770 --> 01:10:17,099
level

1406
01:10:17,099 --> 01:10:21,139
altitudes unsafe to american pilots and
it happened

1407
01:10:21,139 --> 01:10:22,870
curly hair but by the pilots

1408
01:10:22,870 --> 01:10:24,189
to report

1409
01:10:24,189 --> 01:10:30,110
that several remaining planes were shot
down an extremely low level by peasants

1410
01:10:30,110 --> 01:10:32,010
what this means for them

1411
01:10:32,010 --> 01:10:35,669
but level flight became so dangerous
that they had to move higher are pretty

1412
01:10:35,669 --> 01:10:39,099
consistently be picked up on radar

1413
01:10:39,099 --> 01:10:42,800
is it just depends as could shoot down
planes as that but they do not an air

1414
01:10:42,800 --> 01:10:44,260
space to americans

1415
01:10:44,260 --> 01:10:47,469
that made all their operations had more
hazardous

1416
01:10:47,469 --> 01:10:52,020
so social mobilization was able to
compensate the technological inferiority

1417
01:10:52,020 --> 01:10:56,020
there is another example of this uh...
in the whole team and trail when the

1418
01:10:56,020 --> 01:10:58,650
united states bill padding incredibly
expensive

1419
01:10:58,650 --> 01:11:00,920
electronic warfare area

1420
01:11:00,920 --> 01:11:02,499
which the uh...

1421
01:11:02,499 --> 01:11:03,219
they were able

1422
01:11:03,219 --> 01:11:04,510
which mania

1423
01:11:04,510 --> 01:11:08,369
uh... vietnamese in that little shins
were able to overcome with barry

1424
01:11:08,369 --> 01:11:09,269
simple tricks

1425
01:11:09,269 --> 01:11:13,639
the joint chiefs of staff always wanted
to invade north vietnam

1426
01:11:13,639 --> 01:11:17,999
insipid takeover handle an ipod or have
ground troops in laos there's a place

1427
01:11:17,999 --> 01:11:19,050
where

1428
01:11:19,050 --> 01:11:22,989
between laos and thailand between uh...
the south china sea in thailand

1429
01:11:22,989 --> 01:11:26,090
something like thirty five miles or so

1430
01:11:26,090 --> 01:11:27,780
for the effort is

1431
01:11:27,780 --> 01:11:31,860
linden visual for justice for most
magical line will keep before another

1432
01:11:31,860 --> 01:11:32,929
out rivals

1433
01:11:32,929 --> 01:11:35,929
bottom at the past cutting out literally

1434
01:11:35,929 --> 01:11:39,879
let's just uh... that was changed to
expensive in terms of truth lies they

1435
01:11:39,879 --> 01:11:42,729
stated that area with electronic sensors

1436
01:11:42,729 --> 01:11:46,050
listening devices sizes the pickups
metal

1437
01:11:46,050 --> 01:11:48,320
sensors of various kinds

1438
01:11:48,320 --> 01:11:52,100
uh... these devices internship radio
signals to circling it that the aircraft

1439
01:11:52,100 --> 01:11:57,510
intercept interest to computer banks in
thailand in thailand intern organized

1440
01:11:57,510 --> 01:11:59,760
air strikes over the trail

1441
01:11:59,760 --> 01:12:02,249
the two things happen

1442
01:12:02,249 --> 01:12:03,530
one

1443
01:12:03,530 --> 01:12:05,880
the sensors woody collect

1444
01:12:05,880 --> 01:12:08,199
uh... bags if you're in honey entries

1445
01:12:08,199 --> 01:12:11,599
tape recorders with cricket noises in
which to try to mask the movement of

1446
01:12:11,599 --> 01:12:12,480
trucks

1447
01:12:12,480 --> 01:12:15,840
you find a sensor and you could just
normal general knowledge is a tape of

1448
01:12:15,840 --> 01:12:18,130
normal general knowledge is next to it

1449
01:12:18,130 --> 01:12:19,239
uh...

1450
01:12:19,239 --> 01:12:22,570
so you master sensors in one area where
you actually seeing your troops in

1451
01:12:22,570 --> 01:12:24,929
operations on the other

1452
01:12:24,929 --> 01:12:28,649
and up so you get a taxing uh... you
world

1453
01:12:28,649 --> 01:12:30,519
convoy drivers truck drivers

1454
01:12:30,519 --> 01:12:35,449
north vietnamese had sexual zagreb aids
they had rocket players

1455
01:12:35,449 --> 01:12:37,949
a lot of this is cabanas occurring at
night

1456
01:12:37,949 --> 01:12:40,159
so the attorneys would throw out

1457
01:12:40,159 --> 01:12:43,090
explosives to make americans feel like

1458
01:12:43,090 --> 01:12:44,939
they were doing something

1459
01:12:44,939 --> 01:12:45,659
um...

1460
01:12:45,659 --> 01:12:50,719
and americans into wanted to believe
that they were destroying vietnamese

1461
01:12:50,719 --> 01:12:52,520
truck convoys y

1462
01:12:52,520 --> 01:12:56,269
pilots but we work on the basis of
productivity

1463
01:12:56,269 --> 01:12:59,719
their majors you lieutenant colonels
most of them walked before congress will

1464
01:12:59,719 --> 01:13:02,999
probably asylum or desperately want to
be brigadier general

1465
01:13:02,999 --> 01:13:06,280
they need to be productive

1466
01:13:06,280 --> 01:13:10,130
therefore they wrote their tendency is
to report

1467
01:13:10,130 --> 01:13:13,840
is high destruction of a trucks as
possible

1468
01:13:13,840 --> 01:13:17,510
and it's a big joke eventually became
the enemy intelligence

1469
01:13:17,510 --> 01:13:21,059
was that the next day when congress was
flights would fly along with what she

1470
01:13:21,059 --> 01:13:23,960
meant well they could never find the
truck carcasses

1471
01:13:23,960 --> 01:13:26,030
anywhere near the numbers

1472
01:13:26,030 --> 01:13:29,440
that uh... the pilots reported destroyed

1473
01:13:29,440 --> 01:13:33,689
so glad you began that deep in the
laotian jungles

1474
01:13:33,689 --> 01:13:34,989
the great

1475
01:13:34,989 --> 01:13:40,519
truck either yeah and my truck you there
was a monster that totally

1476
01:13:40,519 --> 01:13:45,030
loved dead trucks midday meal is not
only have to read every night

1477
01:13:45,030 --> 01:13:49,239
if he got up in the day the skeletons a
good bit drugs so that when the

1478
01:13:49,239 --> 01:13:51,399
reconnaissance planes came out

1479
01:13:51,399 --> 01:13:54,989
and in the morning there were simply be
no records

1480
01:13:54,989 --> 01:13:58,209
this is not the site and thousands
trucks were destroyed that never to the

1481
01:13:58,209 --> 01:13:59,670
extent

1482
01:13:59,670 --> 01:14:01,489
necessary

1483
01:14:01,489 --> 01:14:03,519
remember

1484
01:14:03,519 --> 01:14:08,550
relatively few supplies which himself by
american calculations

1485
01:14:08,550 --> 01:14:12,579
something like twelve times a day was
enough to support the warmest self you

1486
01:14:12,579 --> 01:14:16,919
can put twelve times boxer mike tractor
truck without any problem attachment to

1487
01:14:16,919 --> 01:14:18,130
spare

1488
01:14:18,130 --> 01:14:20,489
but even if you multiply it by figure

1489
01:14:20,489 --> 01:14:24,190
fifteen or twenty fold stacy equity
tractor trailer trucks a day

1490
01:14:24,190 --> 01:14:25,599
approaching the entrails

1491
01:14:25,599 --> 01:14:28,360
or forty pickups or whatever

1492
01:14:28,360 --> 01:14:32,719
that still such a small number of people
are very expensive air war has a hard

1493
01:14:32,719 --> 01:14:33,489
time

1494
01:14:33,489 --> 01:14:34,929
i cannot stop

1495
01:14:34,929 --> 01:14:36,130
that level of supply

1496
01:14:36,130 --> 01:14:40,360
for most of the military general because
that is that the war whose memoir

1497
01:14:40,360 --> 01:14:43,030
hewlett and documents seized by the

1498
01:14:43,030 --> 01:14:48,249
indicated to the u_s_ really one most of
the battles of the war that the u_s_

1499
01:14:48,249 --> 01:14:52,459
records yes light was on its way to
victory and in particular there's a

1500
01:14:52,459 --> 01:14:57,709
right wing revisionist view that the
u_s_ could've won the war at the time of

1501
01:14:57,709 --> 01:14:59,349
the cat offensive

1502
01:14:59,349 --> 01:15:00,949
at the u_s_ build up

1503
01:15:00,949 --> 01:15:05,399
of maine courtney porsche units ground
troops began in sixty five

1504
01:15:05,399 --> 01:15:07,360
by the end of sixty seven

1505
01:15:07,360 --> 01:15:10,199
we have someone over four hundred
thousand at four hundred fifty thousand

1506
01:15:10,199 --> 01:15:14,199
maybe in the past five hundred thousand
christian country

1507
01:15:14,199 --> 01:15:16,460
according to american records

1508
01:15:16,460 --> 01:15:19,739
the official records kept in the
pentagon and kept at military assistance

1509
01:15:19,739 --> 01:15:20,789
commanded nam

1510
01:15:20,789 --> 01:15:24,060
we just about destroyed altogether on
trips

1511
01:15:24,060 --> 01:15:26,929
they were all nearly decimated

1512
01:15:26,929 --> 01:15:29,820
now why was that because of weapons were
falsified

1513
01:15:29,820 --> 01:15:32,480
perhaps we begin a strike that all that
last time

1514
01:15:32,480 --> 01:15:36,799
once you move into wars production
process and the opposition managers

1515
01:15:36,799 --> 01:15:40,019
lose their students at the devotee to
their subordinates below answers for the

1516
01:15:40,019 --> 01:15:41,540
fidelity the trip

1517
01:15:41,540 --> 01:15:43,360
upward mobility just like

1518
01:15:43,360 --> 01:15:47,899
in business where maybe go up you know
up to the highlander is the main again

1519
01:15:47,899 --> 01:15:50,229
that was a letter in the military

1520
01:15:50,229 --> 01:15:53,120
the currency what that was to report the
body count

1521
01:15:53,120 --> 01:15:56,210
so everybody buck their body count

1522
01:15:56,210 --> 01:15:58,629
date body counts were routine

1523
01:15:58,629 --> 01:16:01,480
not that not exceptional

1524
01:16:01,480 --> 01:16:03,090
any trouble

1525
01:16:03,090 --> 01:16:06,959
they worry that the body casket getting
hired uses the reports went up the chain

1526
01:16:06,959 --> 01:16:10,340
of command a larger figures became

1527
01:16:10,340 --> 01:16:13,369
well the first report i would send them

1528
01:16:13,369 --> 01:16:17,119
was from the facts from the information
we collect intent was objective that it

1529
01:16:17,119 --> 01:16:19,400
would be if it could be

1530
01:16:19,400 --> 01:16:23,570
now we founded and but uh... that would
always come back doctored up from higher

1531
01:16:23,570 --> 01:16:24,580
headquarters

1532
01:16:24,580 --> 01:16:27,400
that was standard operating procedure

1533
01:16:27,400 --> 01:16:29,590
when i was repeated historian there

1534
01:16:29,590 --> 01:16:32,600
so the result is that the battle news

1535
01:16:32,600 --> 01:16:38,159
was edited and revised until it was
acceptable to the higher ups

1536
01:16:38,159 --> 01:16:42,279
hail and in order to write open relies
on our civil aid program such as

1537
01:16:42,279 --> 01:16:46,109
increasing the fifteen english classes
of three hundred to make it look good to

1538
01:16:46,109 --> 01:16:48,170
the politicians and people back home

1539
01:16:48,170 --> 01:16:51,520
and i've been ordered to raise the
figures for food distribution and uh...

1540
01:16:51,520 --> 01:16:54,229
refugee villages

1541
01:16:54,229 --> 01:16:58,869
but i've also had retired battle reports

1542
01:16:58,869 --> 01:17:02,060
the old meeting uh... certain facts

1543
01:17:02,060 --> 01:17:06,389
uh... and thereby turning in north
vietnam army victory over superior

1544
01:17:06,389 --> 01:17:08,619
american forces

1545
01:17:08,619 --> 01:17:11,349
into our u_s_ victory

1546
01:17:11,349 --> 01:17:12,679
so our paper

1547
01:17:12,679 --> 01:17:14,190
we had warren

1548
01:17:14,190 --> 01:17:15,429
but in reality

1549
01:17:15,429 --> 01:17:16,220
two things

1550
01:17:16,220 --> 01:17:19,689
fired that was part one of our victory
the second point was

1551
01:17:19,689 --> 01:17:21,379
in nineteen sixty seven

1552
01:17:21,379 --> 01:17:23,729
the american high command

1553
01:17:23,729 --> 01:17:28,050
decided that viet cong guerrillas no
longer existed

1554
01:17:28,050 --> 01:17:30,150
because

1555
01:17:30,150 --> 01:17:34,739
insulate the polish them on paper
answered because just like american

1556
01:17:34,739 --> 01:17:37,199
forces we don't have any part-time
guerrillas

1557
01:17:37,199 --> 01:17:38,579
are full-time guerrillas

1558
01:17:38,579 --> 01:17:41,969
and also to google rulers have to do to
have tanks to guerrillas have

1559
01:17:41,969 --> 01:17:43,939
helicopters to guerrillas have

1560
01:17:43,939 --> 01:17:46,020
uh... heavy artillery

1561
01:17:46,020 --> 01:17:48,449
they don't have as much hardware as we
did

1562
01:17:48,449 --> 01:17:51,749
so they are clearly a threat to american
units

1563
01:17:51,749 --> 01:17:54,980
so several hundred thousand

1564
01:17:54,980 --> 01:17:56,270
uh...

1565
01:17:56,270 --> 01:17:57,849
viet cong guerrillas

1566
01:17:57,849 --> 01:18:01,239
were abolished from what's called the
order battle

1567
01:18:01,239 --> 01:18:03,980
so what you would eliminate the
guerrillas on paper

1568
01:18:03,980 --> 01:18:05,449
and then you charged

1569
01:18:05,449 --> 01:18:08,599
so you have a hot lower total estimate

1570
01:18:08,599 --> 01:18:10,989
uh... enemy forces

1571
01:18:10,989 --> 01:18:14,949
can you have an inflated by uh...
estimate of how many of those you've

1572
01:18:14,949 --> 01:18:16,389
killed

1573
01:18:16,389 --> 01:18:18,079
well it worked

1574
01:18:18,079 --> 01:18:22,330
lyndon johnson desperately needed a
political victory to follow sixty seven

1575
01:18:22,330 --> 01:18:25,590
so he got your westward to come back and
say we're winning we're winning the war

1576
01:18:25,590 --> 01:18:28,170
student enter an interface three

1577
01:18:28,170 --> 01:18:31,469
and that is that we are mop up for a
couple of years

1578
01:18:31,469 --> 01:18:33,889
and what was having a reality

1579
01:18:33,889 --> 01:18:36,020
well reality the viet cong courses

1580
01:18:36,020 --> 01:18:40,620
debated the local forces had expanded
radically from nineteen sixty four three

1581
01:18:40,620 --> 01:18:43,090
late nineteen sixty seven

1582
01:18:43,090 --> 01:18:46,989
according to u_s_ figures they were only
about two hundred thousand yahoo com

1583
01:18:46,989 --> 01:18:51,409
but minimum c_i_a_ man started like
going profiles a primary figure things

1584
01:18:51,409 --> 01:18:55,809
he calculated about a half million with
understand what that means at the c_i_a_

1585
01:18:55,809 --> 01:18:57,770
man is doubling

1586
01:18:57,770 --> 01:19:00,989
hit the estimate but it seems to me they
don't have any idea

1587
01:19:00,989 --> 01:19:02,629
at how many of them are on there

1588
01:19:02,629 --> 01:19:06,209
but it means a double is probably the
highest figure he can get away with

1589
01:19:06,209 --> 01:19:07,639
and still

1590
01:19:07,639 --> 01:19:11,920
will be listened to by anyone

1591
01:19:11,920 --> 01:19:13,659
in reality the enemies

1592
01:19:13,659 --> 01:19:14,850
gaining strength

1593
01:19:14,850 --> 01:19:16,800
we have with the crew viet cong

1594
01:19:16,800 --> 01:19:17,710
we have

1595
01:19:17,710 --> 01:19:22,179
work at least dissipation still in fifty
thousand troops here being sent south in

1596
01:19:22,179 --> 01:19:26,559
the border zones along cambodian laotian
borders and in sonar showed us that the

1597
01:19:26,559 --> 01:19:27,030
other

1598
01:19:27,030 --> 01:19:30,269
satisfy co-wrote the book of the country

1599
01:19:30,269 --> 01:19:33,600
in the u_s_ strategic offensive failed
of search-and-destroy

1600
01:19:33,600 --> 01:19:37,249
the bombing operations had failed

1601
01:19:37,249 --> 01:19:40,040
in late january early february nineteen
sixty eight

1602
01:19:40,040 --> 01:19:44,760
newark the display department viet cong
forces attacked in mass

1603
01:19:44,760 --> 01:19:47,210
simultaneously for the first time

1604
01:19:47,210 --> 01:19:48,659
normally

1605
01:19:48,659 --> 01:19:49,659
they fought

1606
01:19:49,659 --> 01:19:51,530
they dispersed operations

1607
01:19:51,530 --> 01:19:54,000
they were not andrea under

1608
01:19:54,000 --> 01:19:59,650
that under no snow still first time in a
simultaneous national tax

1609
01:19:59,650 --> 01:20:02,449
the attack succeeded in driving

1610
01:20:02,449 --> 01:20:06,159
one it we needed to pass occasional our
audience involved in past occasional

1611
01:20:06,159 --> 01:20:08,239
griffin m a countryside in the cities

1612
01:20:08,239 --> 01:20:12,239
almost all of the vietnamese and
american ground force units were driven

1613
01:20:12,239 --> 01:20:16,320
out of the countryside back into the
cities

1614
01:20:16,320 --> 01:20:20,020
dip in the city's mayor and some viet
cong forces inner cities

1615
01:20:20,020 --> 01:20:22,159
and i've saigon way

1616
01:20:22,159 --> 01:20:23,560
uh... regional capitals

1617
01:20:23,560 --> 01:20:26,510
and we began to to battle in the cities

1618
01:20:26,510 --> 01:20:29,960
so what happens

1619
01:20:29,960 --> 01:20:32,070
after a few weeks

1620
01:20:32,070 --> 01:20:34,770
the viet cong withdrew from the cities

1621
01:20:34,770 --> 01:20:38,130
their casualties were extremely high
they had not anticipated that the

1622
01:20:38,130 --> 01:20:42,979
americans with bombing and conduct
artillery strikes inside the cities

1623
01:20:42,979 --> 01:20:44,510
uh... but they did

1624
01:20:44,510 --> 01:20:47,820
so i watch herself vietnam was reduced
to rubble

1625
01:20:47,820 --> 01:20:51,050
their casualties were high

1626
01:20:51,050 --> 01:20:55,629
the americans in sap in the meantime
units were gone from the countryside

1627
01:20:55,629 --> 01:20:57,889
uh... desertion to be a massive

1628
01:20:57,889 --> 01:20:59,100
and

1629
01:20:59,100 --> 01:21:00,610
the economy which recruit

1630
01:21:00,610 --> 01:21:03,780
many many many people now that they
would know opposing forces in the

1631
01:21:03,780 --> 01:21:07,179
countryside their political cadres were
able to surface

1632
01:21:07,179 --> 01:21:10,300
so they were weakened in many ways than
the other hand they have achieved a

1633
01:21:10,300 --> 01:21:11,619
decisive victory

1634
01:21:11,619 --> 01:21:12,849
inviting

1635
01:21:12,849 --> 01:21:17,049
their parents out of the countryside

1636
01:21:17,049 --> 01:21:18,780
what is the regiment

1637
01:21:18,780 --> 01:21:21,170
because american forces

1638
01:21:21,170 --> 01:21:23,429
were able to

1639
01:21:23,429 --> 01:21:28,230
kill many of the commandos in the
economy troops inside the cities

1640
01:21:28,230 --> 01:21:31,940
the americans have general westmoreland
court victory

1641
01:21:31,940 --> 01:21:32,909
uh...

1642
01:21:32,909 --> 01:21:35,389
of course this ignores the fact that

1643
01:21:35,389 --> 01:21:38,419
although he's going to the economy out
of the city's he himself isn't going to

1644
01:21:38,419 --> 01:21:41,849
have a countryside and it's made a
mockery out of his own previous claims

1645
01:21:41,849 --> 01:21:43,139
of victory

1646
01:21:43,139 --> 01:21:44,840
um...

1647
01:21:44,840 --> 01:21:47,530
also sparklers created many many people

1648
01:21:47,530 --> 01:21:50,150
that they were far more

1649
01:21:50,150 --> 01:21:53,959
and south vietnam than americans and
willing to admit

1650
01:21:53,959 --> 01:22:00,050
westmoreland and made a trip request for
another two hundred thousand soldiers

1651
01:22:00,050 --> 01:22:03,630
this week request within the city
analysis

1652
01:22:03,630 --> 01:22:05,610
were seriously what was found

1653
01:22:05,610 --> 01:22:08,289
was that even within the production
model of war if you would just come up

1654
01:22:08,289 --> 01:22:12,210
at the same kind of what they would
simply add more resources to do it

1655
01:22:12,210 --> 01:22:13,000
still

1656
01:22:13,000 --> 01:22:15,889
the viet cong around just to people in
this out

1657
01:22:15,889 --> 01:22:19,330
good fight on for another four or five
years at least three years

1658
01:22:19,330 --> 01:22:23,790
to four years and then with anymore or
significant looked at least dissipation

1659
01:22:23,790 --> 01:22:25,129
they could find on

1660
01:22:25,129 --> 01:22:27,030
ten to twenty years

1661
01:22:27,030 --> 01:22:30,840
and which he just we just could not
drive the other side bankrupt and you're

1662
01:22:30,840 --> 01:22:34,989
saying that the north vietnamese army
basically had participated nodded yes i

1663
01:22:34,989 --> 01:22:38,199
did get marketers army did not because
they don't care

1664
01:22:38,199 --> 01:22:40,219
the fact that most of the war

1665
01:22:40,219 --> 01:22:44,679
they were quite a minimal over you
consider the number of via car trips in

1666
01:22:44,679 --> 01:22:48,400
proportion to the number of north
feeling well that's true depth

1667
01:22:48,400 --> 01:22:51,760
up until sixty eight after sixty eight
they entered the war in larger numbers

1668
01:22:51,760 --> 01:22:52,409
sir

1669
01:22:52,409 --> 01:22:54,360
uh... the car were getting worse

1670
01:22:54,360 --> 01:22:56,079
certainly

1671
01:22:56,079 --> 01:22:59,429
the concern to claim your vehicle took
severe losses which it appeared to be

1672
01:22:59,429 --> 01:23:02,920
stripped the claim that they were
decimated indicated a spot in the claim

1673
01:23:02,920 --> 01:23:04,730
that the americans onecare

1674
01:23:04,730 --> 01:23:06,280
is false

1675
01:23:06,280 --> 01:23:09,290
canisters remain healthy miracle war
managers

1676
01:23:09,290 --> 01:23:13,640
cities department stated their strategy
was bankrupt and that there was no pac

1677
01:23:13,640 --> 01:23:15,690
decree

1678
01:23:15,690 --> 01:23:19,579
so this finally created ah...
religiosity time somewhere in this

1679
01:23:19,579 --> 01:23:21,869
period i try not to long after

1680
01:23:21,869 --> 01:23:23,590
with this

1681
01:23:23,590 --> 01:23:27,949
a break in their self delusion that
techno war would win every hotmail here

1682
01:23:27,949 --> 01:23:31,289
is a serious problem that people don't
understand it

1683
01:23:31,289 --> 01:23:33,209
american television news

1684
01:23:33,209 --> 01:23:37,029
began to bite from the late nineteen
sixty eight on began report the idea

1685
01:23:37,029 --> 01:23:39,020
that the war was winding down

1686
01:23:39,020 --> 01:23:41,589
and that we were on our way out

1687
01:23:41,589 --> 01:23:42,980
just not true

1688
01:23:42,980 --> 01:23:44,750
this is a false statement

1689
01:23:44,750 --> 01:23:47,889
you should never believe it's when you
look at the casualty figures

1690
01:23:47,889 --> 01:23:51,799
how many american soldiers were killed
from sixty-five to sixty-eight for sixty

1691
01:23:51,799 --> 01:23:53,290
three sixty seven

1692
01:23:53,290 --> 01:23:54,809
and then you take sixty eight

1693
01:23:54,809 --> 01:23:58,130
when you look sixty nine crew seventy
three

1694
01:23:58,130 --> 01:24:02,840
the sixty nine three seventy three just
about is within a couple of hundred

1695
01:24:02,840 --> 01:24:03,570
is high

1696
01:24:03,570 --> 01:24:06,329
is the number of kill

1697
01:24:06,329 --> 01:24:11,389
sixty doctor sixty-seven so-called week
search-and-destroy continued way way on

1698
01:24:11,389 --> 01:24:14,039
internal until

1699
01:24:14,039 --> 01:24:18,860
old mate seventy-one what was that then
they finally convinced

1700
01:24:18,860 --> 01:24:22,360
the u_s_ foreign policy is that was for
the u_s_ public

1701
01:24:22,360 --> 01:24:24,639
that vietnam could be one

1702
01:24:24,639 --> 01:24:27,010
plummeted sixty eight on

1703
01:24:27,010 --> 01:24:28,929
american military began to

1704
01:24:28,929 --> 01:24:32,139
wickham progressively more restaurants
and bars certainly bible eight sixty

1705
01:24:32,139 --> 01:24:37,060
nine seventy is inactive revolt against
his commanders

1706
01:24:37,060 --> 01:24:40,739
remembered at seventy five percent of
the battles in vietnam where new shit

1707
01:24:40,739 --> 01:24:44,860
about the enemy of the average american
grunge band used to have the that most

1708
01:24:44,860 --> 01:24:50,729
people combat troops pennies to didi
walking an ambitious

1709
01:24:50,729 --> 01:24:54,149
most mainline fairly quickly that while
they were walking an ambush is that

1710
01:24:54,149 --> 01:24:57,469
their generals were getting medals and
they were safe in helicopters runs on

1711
01:24:57,469 --> 01:24:59,139
and so forth

1712
01:24:59,139 --> 01:25:02,330
uh... subpoenaed to begin what's called
fragment ragging means

1713
01:25:02,330 --> 01:25:06,869
you take a fragmentation grenade and you
put it at your superior

1714
01:25:06,869 --> 01:25:10,699
whether it's a non-commissioned officer
arjun or a battalion or captain or

1715
01:25:10,699 --> 01:25:11,599
whatever

1716
01:25:11,599 --> 01:25:14,129
it was a way to tell higher command

1717
01:25:14,129 --> 01:25:15,210
not to treat

1718
01:25:15,210 --> 01:25:18,539
ground troops' lives frivolously that
they would not pursue

1719
01:25:18,539 --> 01:25:23,149
aggressively pursue dangers combat
situations

1720
01:25:23,149 --> 01:25:26,480
simply in order to make a visit to make
his superiors look good

1721
01:25:26,480 --> 01:25:29,530
okay let me tell you had workweek start
having more calls

1722
01:25:29,530 --> 01:25:33,270
which is like uh... dole will at
midnight everybody you know if it starts

1723
01:25:33,270 --> 01:25:37,640
open inspiring screaming books on the
wire books on the wiring barbed wire

1724
01:25:37,640 --> 01:25:38,709
fences you know

1725
01:25:38,709 --> 01:25:42,409
and then you try to kill any of the
lifers that he didn't like

1726
01:25:42,409 --> 01:25:46,959
so we tried to get to see all couple of
times machine-gun one time he was uh...

1727
01:25:46,959 --> 01:25:51,369
rack took nine holes his cock nine
bullet holes but you don't go out of it

1728
01:25:51,369 --> 01:25:54,949
and got away with that'd be shipment so
we couldn't check weapons they use your

1729
01:25:54,949 --> 01:25:55,979
name

1730
01:25:55,979 --> 01:26:00,059
so they'd be throwing grenades at the
wiring yelling and shopping books on my

1731
01:26:00,059 --> 01:26:03,859
wired brooks and they'd blow the siren
and then run around and have to guide to

1732
01:26:03,859 --> 01:26:08,869
be facing outward shooting men the other
half would be waiting for a wife her to

1733
01:26:08,869 --> 01:26:11,550
come out of his pet

1734
01:26:11,550 --> 01:26:14,089
yeah i've seen them

1735
01:26:14,089 --> 01:26:18,550
told officers executed five or six times

1736
01:26:18,550 --> 01:26:21,289
just put a price on his head

1737
01:26:21,289 --> 01:26:24,709
makes one accusing gets the money

1738
01:26:24,709 --> 01:26:26,979
next time he was out on a mission

1739
01:26:26,979 --> 01:26:30,780
that everybody knew it was good

1740
01:26:30,780 --> 01:26:31,599
they just wait

1741
01:26:31,599 --> 01:26:33,780
to humans

1742
01:26:33,780 --> 01:26:36,980
and the right position

1743
01:26:36,980 --> 01:26:40,500
and he estimates run quite high and it
was the official i'm accounts about six

1744
01:26:40,500 --> 01:26:42,829
hundred fifty faking incidents

1745
01:26:42,829 --> 01:26:44,499
and

1746
01:26:44,499 --> 01:26:47,899
real reasons to doubt that because i
think quite small and sure there are a

1747
01:26:47,899 --> 01:26:51,260
lot of network reporter all of course
because no no commander wants to have

1748
01:26:51,260 --> 01:26:54,379
when you say it's like i said my my
moment for a grenade at me

1749
01:26:54,379 --> 01:26:55,610
we'll try to shoot me

1750
01:26:55,610 --> 01:26:59,610
i mean how do i do a good on your record
either get promoted up that there is a

1751
01:26:59,610 --> 01:27:00,760
great leader

1752
01:27:00,760 --> 01:27:03,550
when you're reporting that there were
people are shooting at you

1753
01:27:03,550 --> 01:27:07,710
no i'm sure the records are not the
figures must be substantially higher

1754
01:27:07,710 --> 01:27:11,449
this totally inadequate pulls the bonnie
alexander contracts

1755
01:27:11,449 --> 01:27:15,999
her particularly unpopular officers but
there's also certified and felt

1756
01:27:15,999 --> 01:27:17,960
mutilation a-level too

1757
01:27:17,960 --> 01:27:21,469
people would not desperate if they were
just uh...

1758
01:27:21,469 --> 01:27:25,630
do disoriented and they were not being
cared for by the command of the actual

1759
01:27:25,630 --> 01:27:29,690
operations often while slaughter of
uh... innocence

1760
01:27:29,690 --> 01:27:32,189
suicide rates a fairly high

1761
01:27:32,189 --> 01:27:36,159
standing up until apartheid is one
payments um... cartoon book by uh...

1762
01:27:36,159 --> 01:27:39,659
banning tech forster

1763
01:27:39,659 --> 01:27:43,489
it shows a picture of a man oversold
regarding metal rock with his trigger

1764
01:27:43,489 --> 01:27:46,799
finger in the air looking for the
million-dollar weren't feeling like

1765
01:27:46,799 --> 01:27:50,469
expose this nice index finger shot off

1766
01:27:50,469 --> 01:27:54,340
he could get out of the worst or you
don't take your malaria pills

1767
01:27:54,340 --> 01:27:55,510
um...

1768
01:27:55,510 --> 01:27:57,050
we're going to do

1769
01:27:57,050 --> 01:28:01,290
therefore remove the kosher passionately
area there are many many ways out

1770
01:28:01,290 --> 01:28:03,360
or people shooting themselves in

1771
01:28:03,360 --> 01:28:07,749
the lots and lots of stories of self
mutilation or you do if your friend

1772
01:28:07,749 --> 01:28:10,449
and algebra fran decided will be twice

1773
01:28:10,449 --> 01:28:14,050
analytically days mission and he's had a
premonition of death

1774
01:28:14,050 --> 01:28:19,059
which is taken very very seriously all
combat soldiers are deeply superstitious

1775
01:28:19,059 --> 01:28:23,509
sometimes issued or u_s_ you could use
to add your friend not none of our place

1776
01:28:23,509 --> 01:28:25,869
but it with him enough to get them out

1777
01:28:25,869 --> 01:28:28,179
you described by the work its way

1778
01:28:28,179 --> 01:28:30,380
you cannot fight a war where people are

1779
01:28:30,380 --> 01:28:31,949
are you going to search you avoid

1780
01:28:31,949 --> 01:28:36,149
i'll tell you avoid that uh... but that
is a very prevalent than himself

1781
01:28:36,149 --> 01:28:39,169
thirteen destroyed searching the void
and as you do you go out and you keep

1782
01:28:39,169 --> 01:28:43,129
playing nuclear war you try like to go
out and you know smoke some dopamine

1783
01:28:43,129 --> 01:28:45,179
thanks radio reports or

1784
01:28:45,179 --> 01:28:49,730
he gently try not to engage the enemy

1785
01:28:49,730 --> 01:28:53,449
we talked about everyday

1786
01:28:53,449 --> 01:28:55,809
told the guys felt the same way

1787
01:28:55,809 --> 01:28:59,369
reduced more accomplishing anything

1788
01:28:59,369 --> 01:29:05,679
back some guys reselling depressed and
disgusted that he was killed themselves

1789
01:29:05,679 --> 01:29:08,719
some guys were taken hand grenades and

1790
01:29:08,719 --> 01:29:11,150
and blown themselves away

1791
01:29:11,150 --> 01:29:14,109
they couldn't take the strain anymore

1792
01:29:14,109 --> 01:29:16,710
cop who's really heavy

1793
01:29:16,710 --> 01:29:19,800
i don't think a lot of the stuff was
reported

1794
01:29:19,800 --> 01:29:24,099
do you guys would just kill themselves

1795
01:29:24,099 --> 01:29:26,110
they are made probably send

1796
01:29:26,110 --> 01:29:29,730
stats home with a guy who was killed or

1797
01:29:29,730 --> 01:29:34,260
missing-in-action

1798
01:29:34,260 --> 01:29:38,099
did the antiwar movement called
clinton's saulters

1799
01:29:38,099 --> 01:29:41,519
in creating a sense of what they were
they were doing was wrong that they

1800
01:29:41,519 --> 01:29:45,589
would victims that are making mistakes
that have impact you think that it's

1801
01:29:45,589 --> 01:29:49,549
going to live com coffeehouse g_i_
coffeehouse mimicking anti-woman try to

1802
01:29:49,549 --> 01:29:52,070
send a copy houses near u_s_ bases

1803
01:29:52,070 --> 01:29:52,959
to uh...

1804
01:29:52,959 --> 01:29:54,869
permit literature thanks

1805
01:29:54,869 --> 01:29:56,899
but obviously when you read

1806
01:29:56,899 --> 01:29:59,030
soldiers memoirs and novels

1807
01:29:59,030 --> 01:30:02,629
refusing to talk about the anti-war
movement very much it's not to say there

1808
01:30:02,629 --> 01:30:04,799
was an influence but they talk about

1809
01:30:04,799 --> 01:30:06,369
we hacking

1810
01:30:06,369 --> 01:30:08,199
to the situation of warfare

1811
01:30:08,199 --> 01:30:10,500
that there and the one and uh...

1812
01:30:10,500 --> 01:30:14,250
um... enemy in with the moral qualms and
moral qualms intercede on the

1813
01:30:14,250 --> 01:30:17,340
battlefield but one of the credentials
of the anti-war movement

1814
01:30:17,340 --> 01:30:21,099
nobody would be the last five years ago
i did not come in once it was

1815
01:30:21,099 --> 01:30:23,969
stated that the u_s_ was going to
withdraw eventually

1816
01:30:23,969 --> 01:30:26,260
that made it more difficult

1817
01:30:26,260 --> 01:30:29,639
there was one place in your book where
he said that this actually it was a

1818
01:30:29,639 --> 01:30:35,199
class war class warfare that was going
on that vitals are black soldiers

1819
01:30:35,199 --> 01:30:36,760
clerked for fatherhood

1820
01:30:36,760 --> 01:30:38,469
bragging ripple

1821
01:30:38,469 --> 01:30:40,550
let's remember who went to vietnam

1822
01:30:40,550 --> 01:30:43,639
after world war two the u_s_ military
decided that too many college-educated

1823
01:30:43,639 --> 01:30:47,949
men have been killed danger of this was
that it was going to hurt the scientific

1824
01:30:47,949 --> 01:30:51,539
base of the country decided thanks chris
over the country was for

1825
01:30:51,539 --> 01:30:54,070
we couldn't have the next generation of
weapons

1826
01:30:54,070 --> 01:30:57,159
so the idea to this deployment of the
college deferment

1827
01:30:57,159 --> 01:30:58,199
was to keep

1828
01:30:58,199 --> 01:31:00,679
the cool alive

1829
01:31:00,679 --> 01:31:04,749
what this meant was remember this is an
era of very few student loans very few

1830
01:31:04,749 --> 01:31:06,869
scholarships and so forth

1831
01:31:06,869 --> 01:31:10,179
it meant that the sons of the middle
class could go to college where the

1832
01:31:10,179 --> 01:31:12,689
sounds of the working class

1833
01:31:12,689 --> 01:31:13,729
too

1834
01:31:13,729 --> 01:31:15,360
the military

1835
01:31:15,360 --> 01:31:18,139
in the military itself

1836
01:31:18,139 --> 01:31:21,350
military needs vast numbers of
white-collar skills

1837
01:31:21,350 --> 01:31:24,980
so if you had any kind of like uh...
clerical skills like middle class people

1838
01:31:24,980 --> 01:31:28,880
do often do typing filing someone you
could ease more readily yet

1839
01:31:28,880 --> 01:31:32,119
uh... and unarmed combat job

1840
01:31:32,119 --> 01:31:36,049
what this translated into is that what
you study got them to the corner who is

1841
01:31:36,049 --> 01:31:37,290
in your infantry

1842
01:31:37,290 --> 01:31:39,599
units armor artillery

1843
01:31:39,599 --> 01:31:43,090
they were overwhelmed they were
disproportionately minorities in the

1844
01:31:43,090 --> 01:31:44,639
were white

1845
01:31:44,639 --> 01:31:47,510
who were whites poor urban life

1846
01:31:47,510 --> 01:31:49,889
so we had a a working-class

1847
01:31:49,889 --> 01:31:51,369
uh...

1848
01:31:51,369 --> 01:31:53,880
largely working-class

1849
01:31:53,880 --> 01:31:56,389
military combat military

1850
01:31:56,389 --> 01:31:58,039
whereas a more middle class

1851
01:31:58,039 --> 01:32:01,350
anti-war movement more middle-class
logistic apparatus

1852
01:32:01,350 --> 01:32:05,510
inherent in the military so the class
revolt a clash about not one cor

1853
01:32:05,510 --> 01:32:08,359
revolution we're not talking to voters
now

1854
01:32:08,359 --> 01:32:11,809
but it is sort of like uh... it was
revoked against the manager yes if not

1855
01:32:11,809 --> 01:32:16,369
in our interest exploded in new zealand
yes and yet and it certainly would among

1856
01:32:16,369 --> 01:32:19,989
black soldiers there do they they were
definitely influence but my carmen

1857
01:32:19,989 --> 01:32:22,599
racial consciousness and critical
consciousness but

1858
01:32:22,599 --> 01:32:23,800
prepare now

1859
01:32:23,800 --> 01:32:27,630
and where many of the type signs of
bonding signs of you know that

1860
01:32:27,630 --> 01:32:30,460
scanning special handshakes on so forth

1861
01:32:30,460 --> 01:32:34,559
i would be a value a plane that media
handling

1862
01:32:34,559 --> 01:32:37,749
the amount and and now

1863
01:32:37,749 --> 01:32:41,409
i've spent a lot of time looking at the
tapes and i have pushed closed if i

1864
01:32:41,409 --> 01:32:44,209
could finish my outline i was going to
write a book about television news

1865
01:32:44,209 --> 01:32:46,240
covers the water started to think well
what

1866
01:32:46,240 --> 01:32:48,610
was not on the news for me

1867
01:32:48,610 --> 01:32:52,850
but i saw in this country i wrote this
other book critic war

1868
01:32:52,850 --> 01:32:54,760
was on the news

1869
01:32:54,760 --> 01:32:58,040
is a lot of pictures and helicopters a
lot of pictures objects

1870
01:32:58,040 --> 01:33:01,000
a lot of pictures of tanks a lot of
hardware

1871
01:33:01,000 --> 01:33:06,329
and wish techno what was the major
representation to visual representation

1872
01:33:06,329 --> 01:33:09,719
along with his today that these these
please presentation to the people

1873
01:33:09,719 --> 01:33:10,580
weapons

1874
01:33:10,580 --> 01:33:12,199
i love my favorite

1875
01:33:12,199 --> 01:33:15,079
when a_b_c_ show a_b_c_ series

1876
01:33:15,079 --> 01:33:18,679
where at the first one outings may see
the battleship new jersey

1877
01:33:18,679 --> 01:33:21,820
that ocean new jersey just been recon
mission in sixty nine

1878
01:33:21,820 --> 01:33:25,820
and we see it here's the sixteen each
gun dealers is john thirty-foot balanced

1879
01:33:25,820 --> 01:33:28,880
at the camera looks down a guy starts
talking about you to two hundred

1880
01:33:28,880 --> 01:33:31,489
fifty-pound projectile sixty miles

1881
01:33:31,489 --> 01:33:34,860
had broken thirty two feet of reinforced
concrete amanda had at the other way at

1882
01:33:34,860 --> 01:33:36,289
least thirty two miles

1883
01:33:36,289 --> 01:33:40,289
sixty feet we push them back again if
the two identity or kill radius

1884
01:33:40,289 --> 01:33:44,749
it simply i committed a corresponding to
a salesperson

1885
01:33:44,749 --> 01:33:47,999
and i i think i should buy two more the
battleship new jersey analysis is

1886
01:33:47,999 --> 01:33:49,469
currently a m believe

1887
01:33:49,469 --> 01:33:52,290
and in the film patterns in other
correspondent

1888
01:33:52,290 --> 01:33:54,440
angel and uh... the bank of the river

1889
01:33:54,440 --> 01:33:57,879
it's about the bbc frankly offline trash
can

1890
01:33:57,879 --> 01:34:00,239
and he remember the uh... roadrunner

1891
01:34:00,239 --> 01:34:03,570
rockets mineral that want to cut it was
always getting something from acme

1892
01:34:03,570 --> 01:34:05,530
rocket company that i was kinda fucked
up

1893
01:34:05,530 --> 01:34:09,030
trash can on a stick with the kind of
like trying on top of it

1894
01:34:09,030 --> 01:34:10,610
exactly

1895
01:34:10,610 --> 01:34:14,790
what this rocket look like was obviously
have a homemade crude rocket

1896
01:34:14,790 --> 01:34:19,469
end of the contrast of subletting seems
like american victory so insured

1897
01:34:19,469 --> 01:34:22,860
because we love our technical
superiority court within a point out

1898
01:34:22,860 --> 01:34:25,950
the vehicle on the fires that rocket
knows exactly what he's shooting it was

1899
01:34:25,950 --> 01:34:27,739
a battleship new jersey

1900
01:34:27,739 --> 01:34:29,359
there where they may not

1901
01:34:29,359 --> 01:34:32,119
where it's much more fun

1902
01:34:32,119 --> 01:34:34,670
so that it would be pissed off people
sold out

1903
01:34:34,670 --> 01:34:38,700
people ought not to bring many dead
people who were very few ended they have

1904
01:34:38,700 --> 01:34:42,300
the death conditioners was much like a
warmer the elections

1905
01:34:42,300 --> 01:34:43,770
number will go on

1906
01:34:43,770 --> 01:34:46,239
three-star body count each week

1907
01:34:46,239 --> 01:34:47,210
which shared

1908
01:34:47,210 --> 01:34:50,570
we were always winning we saw one
village one village was born in nineteen

1909
01:34:50,570 --> 01:34:52,849
sixty five dash yet

1910
01:34:52,849 --> 01:34:55,790
and again the kind of course bonnie
guidance of air travel

1911
01:34:55,790 --> 01:35:00,300
uh... mail i appeared as its is remember
did not come from the news and it didn't

1912
01:35:00,300 --> 01:35:03,310
come from a normal networks a came from
a veteran who tried hard to get the

1913
01:35:03,310 --> 01:35:04,280
moves out

1914
01:35:04,280 --> 01:35:06,739
their little coverage of messages came
on

1915
01:35:06,739 --> 01:35:10,119
ordinary language of the war groups
slopes land bank

1916
01:35:10,119 --> 01:35:13,150
more american news correspondent ever
talked about those terms of what they

1917
01:35:13,150 --> 01:35:15,280
meant

1918
01:35:15,280 --> 01:35:19,699
it simply did not occur in status very
much official perspective

1919
01:35:19,699 --> 01:35:21,449
waco and got critical

1920
01:35:21,449 --> 01:35:25,270
from sixty eight on a case where you
would see reports

1921
01:35:25,270 --> 01:35:28,259
about failed technology

1922
01:35:28,259 --> 01:35:32,110
indication cutesy stories about tragic
american deaths

1923
01:35:32,110 --> 01:35:35,820
it was like a human interest tragedy
become permanent of criticism

1924
01:35:35,820 --> 01:35:37,969
rather than any kind of explanatory

1925
01:35:37,969 --> 01:35:39,819
notion of what i would not succeed

1926
01:35:39,819 --> 01:35:43,850
bill let's talk about a valuation of the
vietnam war a lot of people written

1927
01:35:43,850 --> 01:35:47,679
books about a historian generals and
etcetera

1928
01:35:47,679 --> 01:35:52,070
west coast image who's just come back to
where we start to disappoint

1929
01:35:52,070 --> 01:35:54,949
by nasa says the u_s_ head to get out
who couldn't fight

1930
01:35:54,949 --> 01:35:58,050
when i read it wouldn't do it in the
morning you could read it moved to the

1931
01:35:58,050 --> 01:36:02,170
air force campaigns but it was campaigns
have their problems to you can hold plan

1932
01:36:02,170 --> 01:36:03,460
with airplanes

1933
01:36:03,460 --> 01:36:06,900
silly money to the south vietnamese they
were corrupt they've just had more maybe

1934
01:36:06,900 --> 01:36:08,030
crap it

1935
01:36:08,030 --> 01:36:09,270
so we would hate it

1936
01:36:09,270 --> 01:36:11,979
my analysis and you know if it was
defeated

1937
01:36:11,979 --> 01:36:14,609
and that that's that's the stamp on to
the question is

1938
01:36:14,609 --> 01:36:16,929
how have the historians of a novelist

1939
01:36:16,929 --> 01:36:22,239
uh... so on treated this tragic of
american desi

1940
01:36:22,239 --> 01:36:24,929
the conditional path as a liberal
interpretation

1941
01:36:24,929 --> 01:36:26,570
that is it's just a strategy

1942
01:36:26,570 --> 01:36:30,139
it's just kind of a wrong out there
somewhere and lacking suspect were all

1943
01:36:30,139 --> 01:36:33,559
sorts of small mistakes are more
mimicking smallness moments later

1944
01:36:33,559 --> 01:36:37,849
schlesinger lovers i think it would be
the most famous the classical case

1945
01:36:37,849 --> 01:36:42,070
stanley cornell's book learning p_b_s_
series most recent example

1946
01:36:42,070 --> 01:36:45,159
the commotion presley's not an
explanation you know twenty years a

1947
01:36:45,159 --> 01:36:46,940
small mistakes doesn't explain

1948
01:36:46,940 --> 01:36:48,950
a war that has a very clear structure

1949
01:36:48,950 --> 01:36:51,419
which is my argument at the structural

1950
01:36:51,419 --> 01:36:56,050
contradictions about men who work there
and in its disillusioning failure

1951
01:36:56,050 --> 01:37:00,080
the second school the most prominent
right now is the cutest lost because a

1952
01:37:00,080 --> 01:37:01,969
self-imposed restraints

1953
01:37:01,969 --> 01:37:05,090
so bizarre experience of military term

1954
01:37:05,090 --> 01:37:09,810
often used in joint chiefs of staff
documents called for escalated air war

1955
01:37:09,810 --> 01:37:11,300
and vision is

1956
01:37:11,300 --> 01:37:15,489
gprs they should have invaded north
vietnam in nineteen sixty six

1957
01:37:15,489 --> 01:37:17,449
and taken handle an ipod

1958
01:37:17,449 --> 01:37:20,699
course telecom of that other one of
those persons who had those guns firing

1959
01:37:20,699 --> 01:37:22,869
again shooting against aircraft

1960
01:37:22,869 --> 01:37:26,769
the jet fighter pilots they were also
organized and prepared for invasions

1961
01:37:26,769 --> 01:37:30,529
argument you why do you know emission
factor north vietnamese didn't have any

1962
01:37:30,529 --> 01:37:33,260
troops himself that was one of the major
reasons

1963
01:37:33,260 --> 01:37:37,139
it wasn't that they didn't want to help
their comrades in their southern comment

1964
01:37:37,139 --> 01:37:39,269
it which which were being held back

1965
01:37:39,269 --> 01:37:43,710
any part of our project the home front
against a possible american invasion

1966
01:37:43,710 --> 01:37:45,560
stucco into jail

1967
01:37:45,560 --> 01:37:49,469
the plan for a year to fighting this
invasions let local militia and regional

1968
01:37:49,469 --> 01:37:52,820
forces fight for the first dated two
days

1969
01:37:52,820 --> 01:37:56,219
so once the americans are tired

1970
01:37:56,219 --> 01:37:59,159
after twenty four to forty eight hours
across the conduct

1971
01:37:59,159 --> 01:38:01,900
damen north vietnamese army waiting to
see

1972
01:38:01,900 --> 01:38:07,859
and we did this notion that the u_s_
could've had a successful invasion

1973
01:38:07,859 --> 01:38:09,520
thus far

1974
01:38:09,520 --> 01:38:13,699
o'neill fantasy unworthy of any kind of
serious consideration

1975
01:38:13,699 --> 01:38:17,219
and that they had been expeditionary
force in handling high phone we still

1976
01:38:17,219 --> 01:38:20,959
that would change the class structure in
south vietnam that would change the fact

1977
01:38:20,959 --> 01:38:23,969
that you had a peasant renewal in
atlanta that you want to do this to

1978
01:38:23,969 --> 01:38:27,349
wanted uh... self determination letter
in capital

1979
01:38:27,349 --> 01:38:30,280
and he warned that the whole country
were national unification 'cause the

1980
01:38:30,280 --> 01:38:32,969
whole basis of the culture was growing
up before debater

1981
01:38:32,969 --> 01:38:35,750
and that's all they don't all their
lives for two thousand years first

1982
01:38:35,750 --> 01:38:37,469
throughout the chinese to french

1983
01:38:37,469 --> 01:38:40,499
and now the american soldier it would
have changed at the self-imposed

1984
01:38:40,499 --> 01:38:41,750
restrain still

1985
01:38:41,750 --> 01:38:44,550
this fall will have we learned anything
fence line

1986
01:38:44,550 --> 01:38:47,399
we you've point out they total

1987
01:38:47,399 --> 01:38:51,789
corruption and self-delusion of the
military and the civilian leaders

1988
01:38:51,789 --> 01:38:53,329
throughout this

1989
01:38:53,329 --> 01:38:57,039
first of all thank you naked wages
technol war and secondly

1990
01:38:57,039 --> 01:39:00,919
having uh... not paying attention to
being realities

1991
01:39:00,919 --> 01:39:01,929
which like

1992
01:39:01,929 --> 01:39:04,449
uh... try to sleep up from the
intelligence

1993
01:39:04,449 --> 01:39:05,610
field

1994
01:39:05,610 --> 01:39:10,010
suppressing any intelligence that would
uh... contrary to the contrary to what

1995
01:39:10,010 --> 01:39:11,239
they wanted

1996
01:39:11,239 --> 01:39:12,569
on it

1997
01:39:12,569 --> 01:39:14,219
still in that thing

1998
01:39:14,219 --> 01:39:18,810
motivating n do where you probably think
you applying it to you

1999
01:39:18,810 --> 01:39:22,120
well i have a couple questions certainly
there was one example which has been a

2000
01:39:22,120 --> 01:39:22,929
tip

2001
01:39:22,929 --> 01:39:26,650
and we just barely took it even though
there was a minimum opposition most of

2002
01:39:26,650 --> 01:39:30,400
the u_s_ special forces command as bit
the dust in various operations governor

2003
01:39:30,400 --> 01:39:32,480
various mishaps one kind or another

2004
01:39:32,480 --> 01:39:33,540
also

2005
01:39:33,540 --> 01:39:37,190
the military's analysis is well not only
do we fight with one hand tied behind

2006
01:39:37,190 --> 01:39:41,000
our back a week or two slightly more
rapid escalation

2007
01:39:41,000 --> 01:39:44,060
so honduras has been prepared a series
of airfields and ports have been

2008
01:39:44,060 --> 01:39:45,710
prepared in honduras

2009
01:39:45,710 --> 01:39:49,260
in order to bring forty fifty thousand
troops into battle within a week

2010
01:39:49,260 --> 01:39:50,210
um...

2011
01:39:50,210 --> 01:39:52,729
they had to the subtleties fortress

2012
01:39:52,729 --> 01:39:55,869
and they still have million military had
the vision that they could probably take

2013
01:39:55,869 --> 01:39:59,010
when i won a few other places and a
couple weeks

2014
01:39:59,010 --> 01:40:01,199
rather than an extensive

2015
01:40:01,199 --> 01:40:04,289
central america war which was escalate

2016
01:40:04,289 --> 01:40:07,510
tremendously because the nicaraguan
today i have no choice except to expand

2017
01:40:07,510 --> 01:40:10,270
the war outside nicaragua to make the
battlefield bigger

2018
01:40:10,270 --> 01:40:13,929
the battlefields bigger than united
states has to disperse its troops it's

2019
01:40:13,929 --> 01:40:15,900
this virtues are dispersed

2020
01:40:15,900 --> 01:40:17,179
kit cheap decree

2021
01:40:17,179 --> 01:40:20,519
activated them back to vietnam but i'd
like to have one other thing i have not

2022
01:40:20,519 --> 01:40:22,189
learned a thing

2023
01:40:22,189 --> 01:40:24,230
with an author

2024
01:40:24,230 --> 01:40:28,190
most feminist anger many veterans of
course when you have sooo

2025
01:40:28,190 --> 01:40:29,670
mail

2026
01:40:29,670 --> 01:40:32,929
certainly don't want to see this they're
probably parts of the military inverse

2027
01:40:32,929 --> 01:40:36,169
mornin positions we don't want to see a
major escalation

2028
01:40:36,169 --> 01:40:37,939
but then we're on track

2029
01:40:37,939 --> 01:40:42,010
for another kind of of major
intervention whether or not will be

2030
01:40:42,010 --> 01:40:46,169
since the iran artwork crisis has
emerged

2031
01:40:46,169 --> 01:40:50,379
that may be off for a while i don't know
but they're certainly philippines

2032
01:40:50,379 --> 01:40:52,510
there's another growing insurgency there

2033
01:40:52,510 --> 01:40:53,639
um...

2034
01:40:53,639 --> 01:40:56,320
the chair of the chances for another
major intervention

2035
01:40:56,320 --> 01:40:58,449
in another series of self delusions

2036
01:40:58,449 --> 01:41:02,310
are very very high because the people
that officer corps who were successful

2037
01:41:02,310 --> 01:41:05,249
in vietnam or the people who were in
charge now

2038
01:41:05,249 --> 01:41:07,949
the people who would be dissonance

2039
01:41:07,949 --> 01:41:12,560
the to him for lieutenant colonels and
majors who would be the risk of repulsed

2040
01:41:12,560 --> 01:41:14,310
they got out

2041
01:41:14,310 --> 01:41:16,639
they reside most of it

2042
01:41:16,639 --> 01:41:21,729
ironically the arm yourself recognize
this nineteen seventy war college study

2043
01:41:21,729 --> 01:41:23,849
which indicated ah... that

2044
01:41:23,849 --> 01:41:27,690
there was a significant difference
between the ideal army values such as

2045
01:41:27,690 --> 01:41:32,039
honesty integrity bravery justice and
responsibility

2046
01:41:32,039 --> 01:41:37,409
and the real values which are practiced
by the military inorder to promote

2047
01:41:37,409 --> 01:41:39,449
career advancement

2048
01:41:39,449 --> 01:41:42,040
here is the studies conclusion

2049
01:41:42,040 --> 01:41:45,810
the present climate does not appear to
be self-correcting

2050
01:41:45,810 --> 01:41:49,969
the human drives for success and
recognition by singers

2051
01:41:49,969 --> 01:41:54,630
sustained if not inflamed and by the
system that rewards and management which

2052
01:41:54,630 --> 01:41:57,639
cater to media personal success

2053
01:41:57,639 --> 01:42:02,449
at the expense of moral and epochal
values

2054
01:42:02,449 --> 01:42:05,469
would appear to only be perpetuated

2055
01:42:05,469 --> 01:42:07,800
by the current environment

2056
01:42:07,800 --> 01:42:12,349
the fact alone that the leaders of the
future by those who survived and

2057
01:42:12,349 --> 01:42:16,139
excelled within the rules of the present
system

2058
01:42:16,139 --> 01:42:20,659
militates in part against any self
starting incremental return toward the

2059
01:42:20,659 --> 01:42:26,760
practical application of ideal army
values

2060
01:42:26,760 --> 01:42:29,489
and in the final reason and that the
problem of learning

2061
01:42:29,489 --> 01:42:32,929
is that there are cultural reasons that
make the american people want to believe

2062
01:42:32,929 --> 01:42:34,820
the self-reproach restrain school

2063
01:42:34,820 --> 01:42:39,440
and that is we are used to petition the
cowboy who comes and stays a society

2064
01:42:39,440 --> 01:42:40,600
against the enemies

2065
01:42:40,600 --> 01:42:43,379
and the power structure cannot defend
itself

2066
01:42:43,379 --> 01:42:48,039
the idea of a week authority that has to
be saved by a warrior shows that in many

2067
01:42:48,039 --> 01:42:50,530
places in american cultures in the
western

2068
01:42:50,530 --> 01:42:54,249
into detective you have the detective
you know is outside the law all the

2069
01:42:54,249 --> 01:42:58,429
super man in the nasty danger figures of
the twenties and thirties certainly

2070
01:42:58,429 --> 01:43:01,899
are able to portal criminals

2071
01:43:01,899 --> 01:43:04,059
legal authorities cannot

2072
01:43:04,059 --> 01:43:08,669
uh... but also that is that the police
technology cannot self-serving

2073
01:43:08,669 --> 01:43:11,339
embarrassed to talk to that if we have
enough

2074
01:43:11,339 --> 01:43:16,300
technological military force we can help
the win the war

2075
01:43:16,300 --> 01:43:19,409
if you have people it's hard not to
believe in your hardware americans don't

2076
01:43:19,409 --> 01:43:22,879
worry about social relations they don't
learn about class structure everyday in

2077
01:43:22,879 --> 01:43:23,820
the newspaper

2078
01:43:23,820 --> 01:43:26,270
or about cultural history every daily
newspaper

2079
01:43:26,270 --> 01:43:28,820
they learn about what's for sale

2080
01:43:28,820 --> 01:43:33,249
then part of the lesson of vietnam
concerning the limits of at the water

2081
01:43:33,249 --> 01:43:37,539
the situations in which technolo but
well i but it cannot achieve victory

2082
01:43:37,539 --> 01:43:41,589
they can destroy lenny can destroy
people but he can't create a government

2083
01:43:41,589 --> 01:43:43,149
cranky recreate a culture

2084
01:43:43,149 --> 01:43:45,800
it can create a society

2085
01:43:45,800 --> 01:43:48,550
and this is another thing we try to do
in vietnam

2086
01:43:48,550 --> 01:43:53,650
to oppose the model of the consumer
society are then add american-style

2087
01:43:53,650 --> 01:43:58,650
suppose democracy would it be elections
in situations where these just couldn't

2088
01:43:58,650 --> 01:44:01,780
work

2089
01:44:01,780 --> 01:44:04,729
it did work in a way you know what you
have people can become corrupted they

2090
01:44:04,729 --> 01:44:07,559
did get into their consular under some
things but

2091
01:44:07,559 --> 01:44:11,469
it just doesn't have a stable society it
doesn't builder

2092
01:44:11,469 --> 01:44:15,090
dad will people willing to die for that
society that was a hope i'll let you

2093
01:44:15,090 --> 01:44:18,570
have to be a crappy vietnamese that what
it looks like things we know they were

2094
01:44:18,570 --> 01:44:21,590
willing to go out and if insight on the
gap are not

2095
01:44:21,590 --> 01:44:24,969
biggest did they bought their tickets
out united states that the patrons were

2096
01:44:24,969 --> 01:44:27,520
divided that just collect

2097
01:44:27,520 --> 01:44:31,570
and jess four are getting rid of the
landlord to local oppressors here to

2098
01:44:31,570 --> 01:44:33,289
make perfect sense to them

2099
01:44:33,289 --> 01:44:36,949
and there's been this problem the
so-called vietnam syndrome which are

2100
01:44:36,949 --> 01:44:40,429
leaders have been complaining about all
these years

2101
01:44:40,429 --> 01:44:41,310
sensitive

2102
01:44:41,310 --> 01:44:43,019
there was a fitness in the land

2103
01:44:43,019 --> 01:44:45,649
quickly if i lost the will to fight yet

2104
01:44:45,649 --> 01:44:48,449
and uh... but it looks like the american

2105
01:44:48,449 --> 01:44:49,879
public

2106
01:44:49,879 --> 01:44:50,980
had a clearer

2107
01:44:50,980 --> 01:44:55,330
picture of what uh... the war was all
about them the than the leaders

2108
01:44:55,330 --> 01:44:58,100
but uh... acute how would you expect
that can do you think they were

2109
01:44:58,100 --> 01:45:01,429
overcoming that vietnam syndrome now so
that they can but i don't think the

2110
01:45:01,429 --> 01:45:04,960
american public ever had an idea what
with raw images knew something was wrong

2111
01:45:04,960 --> 01:45:07,260
and it wasn't getting better

2112
01:45:07,260 --> 01:45:11,020
contracting a leader fighting this

2113
01:45:11,020 --> 01:45:15,020
may be easier for people to believe the
self-imposed restrain school to believe

2114
01:45:15,020 --> 01:45:17,480
that we lost because we didn't fight
hard enough

2115
01:45:17,480 --> 01:45:21,889
um...

2116
01:45:21,889 --> 01:45:25,610
for the package that the package proctor
cultures presented here a bit of the

2117
01:45:25,610 --> 01:45:29,929
warrior imagery is well mined grammars
strong on the rise because many

2118
01:45:29,929 --> 01:45:34,119
classical war movies made in several
kind of very warm and he's made

2119
01:45:34,119 --> 01:45:38,030
um... it's definitely a war culture

2120
01:45:38,030 --> 01:45:40,699
how people go

2121
01:45:40,699 --> 01:45:43,629
clearly though there's there's still a
resistance there still a certain level

2122
01:45:43,629 --> 01:45:47,750
which disaster vietnam detached in at
least on people's memories

2123
01:45:47,750 --> 01:45:52,000
either merrill lynch say they'll have
understanding of why it failed a welder

2124
01:45:52,000 --> 01:45:53,830
structural reasons

2125
01:45:53,830 --> 01:45:56,090
there is a fear that

2126
01:45:56,090 --> 01:45:56,820
it will happen again