0:00:01.136,0:00:04.389
In the great 1980s movie [br]"The Blues Brothers,"

0:00:04.389,0:00:09.183
there's a scene where John Belushi[br]goes to visit Dan Aykroyd in his apartment

0:00:09.183,0:00:11.506
in Chicago for the very first time.

0:00:12.106,0:00:14.637
It's a cramped, tiny space

0:00:14.637,0:00:17.168
and it's just three feet away[br]from the train tracks.

0:00:18.628,0:00:20.466
As John sits on Dan's bed,

0:00:20.466,0:00:22.929
a train goes rushing by,

0:00:22.929,0:00:25.153
rattling everything in the room.

0:00:25.153,0:00:28.982
John asks, "How often does[br]that train go by?"

0:00:28.982,0:00:33.542
Dan replies, "So often, you won't[br]even notice it."

0:00:33.542,0:00:36.448
And then, something falls off the wall.

0:00:37.248,0:00:39.042
We all know what he's talking about.

0:00:39.042,0:00:41.883
As human beings, we get used[br]to everyday things

0:00:41.883,0:00:43.080
really fast.

0:00:43.600,0:00:46.984
As a product designer,[br]it's my job to see those everyday things,

0:00:46.984,0:00:50.521
to feel them, and try[br]to improve upon them.

0:00:51.365,0:00:54.861
For example, see this piece of fruit?

0:00:56.211,0:00:57.811
See this little sticker?

0:00:59.211,0:01:01.666
That sticker wasn't there[br]when I was a kid.

0:01:02.776,0:01:04.694
But somewhere as the years passed,

0:01:04.694,0:01:07.575
someone had the bright idea[br]to put that sticker on the fruit.

0:01:07.575,0:01:08.292
Why?

0:01:08.292,0:01:09.821
So it could be easier for us [br]

0:01:09.821,0:01:11.558
to check out [br]at the grocery counter.

0:01:11.558,0:01:12.651
Well that's great,

0:01:12.651,0:01:14.706
we can get in and out of[br]the store quickly.

0:01:14.706,0:01:16.784
But now, there's a new problem.

0:01:17.414,0:01:19.443
When we get home and we're hungry

0:01:19.443,0:01:22.874
and we see this ripe, juicy piece[br]of fruit on the counter,

0:01:22.874,0:01:25.719
we just want to pick it up[br]and eat it.

0:01:25.719,0:01:29.455
Except now, we have to look[br]for this little sticker.

0:01:30.587,0:01:34.961
And dig at it with our nails,[br]damaging the flesh.

0:01:34.962,0:01:36.601
Then rolling up that sticker --

0:01:36.601,0:01:37.636
you know what I mean.

0:01:37.636,0:01:39.775
And then trying to flick[br]it off your fingers.

0:01:39.775,0:01:43.136
(Applause)

0:01:44.276,0:01:45.776
It's not fun,

0:01:45.776,0:01:46.797
not at all.

0:01:47.777,0:01:49.682
But something interesting happened.

0:01:49.992,0:01:53.073
See the first time you did it,[br]you probably felt those feelings.

0:01:53.075,0:01:55.280
You just wanted to eat the piece of fruit.

0:01:55.280,0:01:56.287
You felt upset.

0:01:56.287,0:01:58.021
You just wanted to dive in.

0:01:58.541,0:02:00.165
By the 10th time,

0:02:00.165,0:02:02.641
you started to become less upset

0:02:02.641,0:02:06.071
and you just started peeling[br]the label off.

0:02:06.071,0:02:08.480
By the 100th time,[br]at least for me,

0:02:08.480,0:02:09.612
I became numb to it.

0:02:10.212,0:02:13.103
I simply picked up the piece of fruit,

0:02:13.103,0:02:17.215
dug at it with my nails,[br]tried to flick it off,

0:02:17.215,0:02:18.771
and then wondered,

0:02:18.771,0:02:22.270
"Was there another sticker?"

0:02:23.680,0:02:24.974
So why is that?

0:02:24.974,0:02:27.126
Why do we get used to everyday things?

0:02:27.126,0:02:30.274
Well as human beings,[br]we have limited brain power.

0:02:30.274,0:02:35.043
And so our brains encode the [br]everyday things we do into habits

0:02:35.043,0:02:38.620
so we can free up space [br]to learn new things.

0:02:38.620,0:02:40.662
It's a process called habituation

0:02:40.662,0:02:44.266
and it's one of the most basic ways,[br]as humans, we learn.

0:02:45.596,0:02:47.765
Now, habituation isn't always bad.

0:02:48.975,0:02:50.611
Remember learning to drive?

0:02:51.101,0:02:52.279
I sure do.

0:02:52.939,0:02:56.227
Your hands clenched at 10 and 2[br]on the wheel,

0:02:56.227,0:02:58.445
looking at every single[br]object out there --

0:02:58.445,0:03:01.695
the cars, the lights, the pedestrians.

0:03:01.695,0:03:04.006
It's a nerve-wracking experience.

0:03:04.936,0:03:08.520
So much so, that I couldn't even[br]talk to anyone else in the car

0:03:08.520,0:03:10.450
and I couldn't even listen to music.

0:03:10.840,0:03:12.949
But then something interesting happened.

0:03:12.949,0:03:17.119
As the weeks went by,[br]driving became easier and easier.

0:03:18.339,0:03:19.647
You habituated it.

0:03:20.647,0:03:22.914
It started to become [br]fun and second nature.

0:03:23.324,0:03:25.531
And then, you could talk [br]to your friends again

0:03:25.531,0:03:26.490
and listen to music.

0:03:26.490,0:03:29.189
So there's a good reason why[br]our brains habituate things.

0:03:29.189,0:03:32.552
If we didn't, we'd notice[br]every little detail,

0:03:32.552,0:03:34.167
all the time.

0:03:34.717,0:03:36.295
It would be exhausting,

0:03:36.295,0:03:38.687
and we'd have no time[br]to learn about new things.

0:03:40.317,0:03:43.457
But sometimes,[br]habituation isn't good.

0:03:44.477,0:03:47.812
If it stops us from noticing [br]the problems that are around us,

0:03:47.812,0:03:48.843
well, that's bad.

0:03:49.413,0:03:52.816
And if it stops us from noticing [br]and fixing those problems,

0:03:52.816,0:03:54.933
well, then that's really bad.

0:03:55.923,0:03:57.906
Comedians know all about this.

0:03:57.906,0:04:02.791
Jerry Seinfeld's entire career was built[br]on noticing those little details,

0:04:02.791,0:04:06.769
those idiotic things we do every day[br]that we don't even remember.

0:04:08.238,0:04:10.615
He tells us about the time [br]he visited his friends

0:04:10.615,0:04:13.001
and he just wanted to take [br]a comfortable shower.

0:04:13.001,0:04:16.898
He'd reach out and grab the handle[br]and turn it slightly one way,

0:04:16.900,0:04:19.483
and it was 100 degrees too hot.

0:04:19.483,0:04:23.415
And then he'd turn it the other way,[br]and it was 100 degrees too cold.

0:04:23.415,0:04:25.778
He just wanted a comfortable shower.

0:04:25.778,0:04:27.941
Now, we've all been there,

0:04:27.941,0:04:29.726
we just don't remember it.

0:04:29.726,0:04:31.048
But Jerry did,

0:04:31.048,0:04:33.062
and that's a comedian's job.

0:04:33.062,0:04:36.182
But designers, innovators [br]and entrepreneurs,

0:04:36.182,0:04:38.589
it's our job to not just notice[br]those things,

0:04:38.589,0:04:41.525
but to go one step further[br]and try to fix them.

0:04:43.276,0:04:44.842
See this, this person,

0:04:44.842,0:04:46.311
this is Mary Anderson.

0:04:46.581,0:04:48.778
In 1902 in New York City,

0:04:48.778,0:04:50.606
she was visiting.

0:04:51.016,0:04:55.834
It was a cold, wet, snowy day[br]and she was warm inside a streetcar.

0:04:57.226,0:05:02.323
As she was going to her destination,[br]she noticed the driver opening the window

0:05:02.323,0:05:07.128
to clean off the excess snow[br]so he could drive safely.

0:05:08.258,0:05:11.834
When he opened the window, though,[br]he let all this cold, wet air inside,

0:05:11.834,0:05:13.779
making all the passengers miserable.

0:05:15.189,0:05:18.122
Now probably, most of those [br]passengers just thought,

0:05:18.122,0:05:21.373
"It's a fact of life, he's got[br]to open the window to clean it.

0:05:21.373,0:05:22.766
That's just how it is."

0:05:23.176,0:05:24.711
But Mary didn't.

0:05:24.711,0:05:26.010
Mary thought,

0:05:26.010,0:05:29.844
"What if the diver could actually clean[br]the windshield from the inside

0:05:29.844,0:05:33.122
so that he could stay safe and drive

0:05:33.122,0:05:36.063
and the passengers could [br]actually stay warm?"

0:05:36.603,0:05:39.355
So she picked up her sketchbook[br]right then and there,

0:05:39.355,0:05:43.716
and began drawing what would become[br]the world's first windshield wiper.

0:05:44.924,0:05:49.194
Now as a product designer,[br]I try to learn from people like Mary

0:05:49.198,0:05:51.963
to try to see the world [br]the way it really is,

0:05:51.973,0:05:54.047
not the way we think it is.

0:05:54.587,0:05:55.534
Why?

0:05:55.534,0:05:58.881
Because it's easy to solve a problem[br]that almost everyone sees.

0:05:59.894,0:06:03.674
But it's hard to solve a problem[br]that almost no one sees.

0:06:04.441,0:06:07.169
Now some people think[br]you're born with this ability

0:06:07.169,0:06:08.750
or you're not,

0:06:08.750,0:06:13.693
as if Mary Anderson was hardwired at birth[br]to see the world more clearly.

0:06:14.883,0:06:16.813
That wasn't the case for me.

0:06:16.813,0:06:18.456
I had to work at it.

0:06:19.766,0:06:22.395
During my years at Apple,

0:06:22.395,0:06:27.142
Steve Jobs challenged us[br]to come into work every day,

0:06:27.142,0:06:31.056
to see our products through [br]the eyes of the customer,

0:06:31.056,0:06:32.503
the new customer,

0:06:32.503,0:06:35.689
the one that has fears [br]and possible frustrations

0:06:35.689,0:06:38.830
and hopeful exhilaration that their[br]new technology product

0:06:38.830,0:06:40.851
could work straightaway for them.

0:06:41.471,0:06:43.705
He called it staying beginners,

0:06:43.705,0:06:47.687
and wanted to make sure that we[br]focused on those tiny little details

0:06:47.687,0:06:51.845
to make them faster, easier and seamless[br]for the new customers.

0:06:52.558,0:06:56.805
So I remember this clearly[br]in the very earliest days of the iPod.

0:06:57.028,0:06:58.698
See, back in the '90s,

0:06:58.698,0:07:01.127
being a gadget freak like I am,

0:07:03.107,0:07:08.002
I would rush out to the store[br]for the very, very latest gadget.

0:07:09.291,0:07:11.353
I'd take all the time to get to the store,

0:07:11.353,0:07:14.964
I'd check out, I'd come back home,[br]I'd start to unbox it.

0:07:14.964,0:07:18.890
And then, there was [br]another little sticker:

0:07:18.890,0:07:22.005
the one that said, "Charge before use."

0:07:22.005,0:07:23.553
What!

0:07:23.553,0:07:24.558
I can't believe it!

0:07:24.558,0:07:26.734
I just spent all this time[br]buying this product

0:07:26.734,0:07:28.768
and now I have to charge before use.

0:07:28.768,0:07:33.158
I have to wait what felt like an eternity[br]to use that coveted new toy.

0:07:33.158,0:07:34.850
It was crazy.

0:07:34.850,0:07:35.755
But you know what?

0:07:35.755,0:07:37.838
Almost every product back then did that.

0:07:37.838,0:07:39.613
When it had batteries in it,

0:07:39.613,0:07:41.890
you had to charge it[br]before you used it.

0:07:42.690,0:07:45.136
Well, Steve noticed that

0:07:45.136,0:07:45.967
and he said,

0:07:45.967,0:07:48.565
"We're not going to let that [br]happen to our product."

0:07:48.565,0:07:50.413
So what did we do?

0:07:50.413,0:07:53.499
Typically, when you have a product[br]that has a hard drive in it,

0:07:53.499,0:07:56.162
you run it for about [br]30 minutes in the factory

0:07:56.162,0:07:59.311
to make sure that hard drive's going [br]to be working years later

0:07:59.311,0:08:02.385
for the customer after they [br]pull it out of the box.

0:08:02.385,0:08:05.451
What did we do instead?

0:08:05.451,0:08:07.541
We ran that product for over two hours.

0:08:07.541,0:08:09.129
Why?

0:08:09.129,0:08:12.254
Well, first off, we could make[br]a higher quality product,

0:08:12.254,0:08:14.404
be easy to test,

0:08:14.404,0:08:17.346
and make sure it was great[br]for the customer.

0:08:17.906,0:08:19.159
But most importantly,

0:08:19.159,0:08:22.178
the battery came fully charged[br]right out of the box,

0:08:22.178,0:08:23.124
ready to use.

0:08:23.124,0:08:26.956
So that customer, [br]with all that exhilaration,

0:08:26.956,0:08:28.684
could just start using the product.

0:08:28.684,0:08:31.074
It was great, and it worked.

0:08:31.074,0:08:32.338
People liked it.

0:08:32.338,0:08:35.445
Today, almost every product[br]that you get that's battery powered

0:08:35.445,0:08:37.508
comes out of the box fully charged,

0:08:37.508,0:08:39.561
even if it doesn't have a hard drive.

0:08:40.131,0:08:44.905
But back then, we noticed [br]that detail and we fixed it,

0:08:44.905,0:08:47.253
and now everyone else does that as well.

0:08:47.253,0:08:49.894
No more, "Charge before use."

0:08:50.644,0:08:52.701
So why am I telling you this?

0:08:52.701,0:08:54.809
Well, it's seeing the invisible problem,

0:08:54.809,0:08:59.320
not just the obvious problem,[br]that's important,

0:08:59.320,0:09:02.160
not just for product design,[br]but for everything we do.

0:09:02.682,0:09:06.206
You see, there are invisible problems[br]all around us,

0:09:06.206,0:09:08.462
ones we can solve.

0:09:08.462,0:09:12.286
But first we need[br]to see them, to feel them.

0:09:12.996,0:09:14.964
So, I'm hesitant to give you any tips

0:09:14.964,0:09:17.695
about neuroscience or psychology.

0:09:17.695,0:09:20.689
There's far too many experienced people[br]in the TED community

0:09:20.689,0:09:24.083
who would know much more[br]about that than I ever will.

0:09:24.083,0:09:26.710
But let me leave you with[br]a few tips that I do,

0:09:26.710,0:09:30.383
that we all can do,[br]to fight habituation.

0:09:30.383,0:09:33.777
My first tip is to look broader.

0:09:33.777,0:09:35.889
You see, when you're tackling a problem,

0:09:35.889,0:09:39.281
sometimes, there are a lot of steps[br]that lead up to that problem.

0:09:39.281,0:09:42.351
And sometimes, a lot [br]of steps after it.

0:09:42.351,0:09:45.700
If you can take a step back[br]and look broader,

0:09:45.700,0:09:47.971
maybe you can change some of those boxes

0:09:47.971,0:09:48.977
before the problem.

0:09:48.977,0:09:50.337
Maybe you can combine them.

0:09:50.337,0:09:53.672
Maybe you can remove them altogether[br]to make that better.

0:09:54.258,0:09:56.249
Take thermostats, for instance.

0:09:56.249,0:09:59.627
In the 1900s when they first came out,[br]they were really simple to use.

0:09:59.627,0:10:01.579
You could turn them up or turn them down.

0:10:01.579,0:10:03.279
People understood them.

0:10:04.019,0:10:05.772
But in the 1970s,

0:10:05.772,0:10:07.846
the energy crisis struck,

0:10:07.846,0:10:11.416
and customers started thinking about[br]how to save energy.

0:10:11.416,0:10:12.703
So what happened?

0:10:12.703,0:10:15.731
Thermostat designers decided [br]to add a new step.

0:10:15.731,0:10:17.581
Instead of just turning up and down,

0:10:17.581,0:10:19.572
you now had to program it.

0:10:19.572,0:10:22.790
So you could tell it the temperature[br]you wanted at a certain time.

0:10:22.790,0:10:24.586
Now that seemed great.

0:10:24.586,0:10:28.064
Every thermostat had[br]started adding that feature.

0:10:28.064,0:10:32.340
But it turned out that no one[br]saved any energy.

0:10:32.340,0:10:33.853
Now, why is that?

0:10:33.853,0:10:36.588
Well, people couldn't predict the future.

0:10:36.588,0:10:40.136
They just didn't know how their weeks[br]would change season to season,

0:10:40.136,0:10:41.634
year to year.

0:10:42.414,0:10:44.745
So no one was saving energy,

0:10:44.745,0:10:45.727
and what happened?

0:10:45.727,0:10:48.350
Thermostat designers went back[br]to the drawing board

0:10:48.350,0:10:50.392
and they focused on that programming step.

0:10:50.942,0:10:53.409
They made better U.I.s,

0:10:53.409,0:10:55.575
they made better documentation.

0:10:55.575,0:11:00.305
But still, years later,[br]people were not saving any energy

0:11:00.305,0:11:02.901
because they just couldn't[br]predict the future.

0:11:03.431,0:11:04.909
So what did we do?

0:11:04.909,0:11:08.978
We put a machine-learning algorithm in[br]instead of the programming

0:11:08.978,0:11:11.676
that would simply watch[br]when you turned it up and down,

0:11:11.676,0:11:14.270
when you liked a certain temperature[br]when you got up,

0:11:14.270,0:11:15.977
or when you went away.

0:11:15.977,0:11:17.245
And you know what?

0:11:17.245,0:11:18.172
It worked.

0:11:18.422,0:11:21.639
People are saving energy [br]without any programming.

0:11:23.239,0:11:25.246
So, it doesn't matter what you're doing.

0:11:25.246,0:11:28.512
If you take a step back [br]and look at all the boxes,

0:11:28.512,0:11:31.533
maybe there's a way[br]to remove one or combine them

0:11:31.533,0:11:34.047
so that you can make [br]that process much simpler.

0:11:35.007,0:11:38.084
So that's my first tip: look broader.

0:11:38.084,0:11:42.065
For my second tip, it's to look closer.

0:11:42.065,0:11:45.096
One of my greatest teachers [br]was my grandfather.

0:11:47.006,0:11:48.907
He taught me all about the world.

0:11:49.557,0:11:53.049
He taught me how things were built[br]and how they were repaired,

0:11:53.049,0:11:56.771
the tools and techniques necessary[br]to make a successful project.

0:11:57.671,0:12:02.008
I remember one story [br]he told me about screws,

0:12:02.048,0:12:05.678
and about how you need to have[br]the right screw for the right job.

0:12:05.678,0:12:07.617
There are many different screws:

0:12:07.617,0:12:12.487
wood screws, metal screws,[br]anchors, concrete screws,

0:12:12.487,0:12:14.232
the list went on and on.

0:12:15.212,0:12:18.485
Our job is to make products[br]that are easy to install

0:12:18.485,0:12:22.219
for all of our customs themselves[br]without professionals.

0:12:22.789,0:12:24.210
So what did we do?

0:12:24.720,0:12:27.655
I remembered that story [br]that my grandfather told me,

0:12:27.655,0:12:28.928
and so we thought,

0:12:28.928,0:12:31.428
"How many different screws [br]can we put in the box?

0:12:31.428,0:12:34.278
Was it going to be two, three,[br]four, five?

0:12:34.278,0:12:36.574
Because there's so many[br]different wall types."

0:12:36.574,0:12:39.304
So we thought about it, we optimized it,

0:12:39.304,0:12:43.395
and we came up with three different[br]screws to put in the box.

0:12:43.845,0:12:46.122
We thought that was going[br]to solve the problem.

0:12:46.122,0:12:48.817
But it turned out, it didn't.

0:12:49.527,0:12:51.158
So we shipped the product,

0:12:51.158,0:12:53.548
and people weren't having[br]a great experience.

0:12:54.128,0:12:55.336
So what did we do?

0:12:55.336,0:12:57.081
We went back to the drawing board

0:12:57.081,0:13:00.545
just instantly after we figured out[br]we didn't get it right.

0:13:00.545,0:13:04.269
And we designed a special screw,[br]a custom screw,

0:13:04.269,0:13:06.440
much to the chagrin of our investors.

0:13:06.440,0:13:09.862
They were like, "Why are you spending[br]so much time on a little screw?

0:13:09.862,0:13:11.861
Get out there and sell more!"[br]

0:13:11.861,0:13:15.184
And we said, "We will sell more[br]if we get this right."

0:13:15.904,0:13:17.594
And it turned out, we did.

0:13:17.594,0:13:20.888
With that custom little screw,[br]there was just one screw in the box,

0:13:20.888,0:13:23.995
that was easy to mount[br]and put on the wall.

0:13:25.525,0:13:31.625
So if we focus on those tiny details,[br]the ones we may not see

0:13:32.404,0:13:34.228
and we look at them as we say,

0:13:34.228,0:13:35.636
"Are those important

0:13:35.636,0:13:38.436
or is that the way we've always done it?

0:13:38.436,0:13:41.320
Maybe there's a way to get rid of those."

0:13:42.220,0:13:46.839
So my last piece of advice[br]is to think younger.

0:13:48.389,0:13:52.545
Every day, I'm confronted with interesting[br]questions from my three young kids.

0:13:52.545,0:13:54.316
They come up with questions like,

0:13:54.316,0:13:57.224
"Why can't cars fly around traffic?"

0:13:57.644,0:14:01.420
Or, "Why don't my shoelaces[br]have Velcro instead?"

0:14:02.490,0:14:04.389
Sometimes, those questions are smart.

0:14:05.409,0:14:07.947
My son came to me the other day[br]and I asked him,

0:14:07.947,0:14:11.123
"Go run out to the mailbox [br]and check it."

0:14:11.123,0:14:14.891
He looked at me, puzzled, and said,

0:14:15.311,0:14:20.225
"Why doesn't the mailbox just check itself[br]and tell us when it has mail?" (Laughter)

0:14:20.225,0:14:23.878
I was like, "That's a pretty [br]good question."

0:14:24.878,0:14:27.492
So, they can ask tons of questions

0:14:27.492,0:14:32.210
and sometimes we find out[br]we just don't have the right answers.

0:14:32.210,0:14:38.017
We say, "Son, that's just the way[br]the world works."

0:14:38.017,0:14:40.567
So the more we're exposed to something,

0:14:40.567,0:14:42.764
the more we get used to it.

0:14:42.764,0:14:44.894
But kids haven't been around [br]long enough

0:14:44.894,0:14:46.794
to get used to those things.

0:14:46.794,0:14:48.611
And so when they run into problems,

0:14:48.611,0:14:50.834
they immediately try to solve them,

0:14:50.834,0:14:53.576
and sometimes they find a better way,

0:14:53.576,0:14:56.280
and that way really is better.

0:14:56.280,0:15:02.119
So my advice that we take to heart[br]is to have young people on your team,

0:15:02.119,0:15:04.225
or people with young minds.

0:15:04.225,0:15:06.576
Because if you have those young minds,

0:15:06.576,0:15:09.736
they cause everyone in the room[br]to think younger.

0:15:09.736,0:15:14.100
Picasso once said, [br]"Every child is an artist.

0:15:15.090,0:15:20.406
The problem is when he or she grows up,[br]is how to remain an artist."

0:15:21.785,0:15:25.734
We all saw the world more clearly[br]when we saw it for the first time,

0:15:25.734,0:15:28.308
before a lifetime of habits [br]got in the way.[br]

0:15:28.998,0:15:31.341
Our challenge is to get back there,

0:15:31.341,0:15:33.586
to feel that frustration,

0:15:33.586,0:15:35.926
to see those little details,

0:15:35.926,0:15:37.666
to look broader,

0:15:37.666,0:15:39.422
look closer,

0:15:39.422,0:15:41.092
and to think younger

0:15:41.792,0:15:43.710
so we can stay beginners.

0:15:44.150,0:15:45.373
It's not easy.

0:15:45.373,0:15:46.908
It requires us pushing back

0:15:46.908,0:15:50.109
against one of the most basic ways[br]we make sense of the world.

0:15:51.689,0:15:52.732
But if we do,

0:15:52.732,0:15:55.243
we could do some pretty amazing things.

0:15:55.243,0:15:57.890
For me, hopefully, that's better[br]product design.

0:15:58.940,0:16:03.517
For you, that could mean something else,[br]something powerful.

0:16:06.105,0:16:09.169
Our challenge is to wake up [br]each day and say,

0:16:09.169,0:16:12.344
"How can I experience the world better?"

0:16:12.344,0:16:17.193
And if we do, maybe, just maybe,

0:16:17.193,0:16:21.388
we can get rid of these[br]dumb little stickers.

0:16:22.248,0:16:23.797
Thank you very much.

0:16:23.797,0:16:26.274
(Applause)