[Script Info]
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[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unless we do something to prevent it,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.00,0:00:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the next 40 years we’re facing an epidemic
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.00,0:00:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of neurologic diseases on a global scale.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.00,0:00:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A cheery thought.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.00,0:00:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On this map, every country that’s colored blue
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.00,0:00:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has more than 20 percent of its population over the age of 65.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.00,0:00:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the world we live in.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.00,0:00:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is the world your children will live in.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.00,0:00:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For 12,000 years, the distribution of ages in the human population
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.00,0:00:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has looked like a pyramid, with the oldest on top.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.00,0:00:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s already flattening out.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.00,0:00:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By 2050, it’s going to be a column and will start to invert.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.00,0:00:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is why it’s happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.00,0:00:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The average lifespan’s more than doubled since 1840,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.00,0:00:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it’s increasing currently at the rate of about five hours every day.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.00,0:00:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is why that’s not entirely a good thing:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.00,0:00:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because over the age of 65, your risk of getting Alzheimer’s
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.00,0:01:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Parkinson’s disease will increase exponentially.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.00,0:01:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By 2050, there’ll be about 32 million people in the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.00,0:01:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the age of 80, and unless we do something about it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.00,0:01:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,half of them will have Alzheimer’s disease
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.00,0:01:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and three million more will have Parkinson’s disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.00,0:01:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right now, those and other neurologic diseases --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.00,0:01:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for which we have no cure or prevention --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.00,0:01:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cost about a third of a trillion dollars a year.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.00,0:01:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It will be well over a trillion dollars by 2050.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.00,0:01:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alzheimer’s disease starts when a protein
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.00,0:01:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that should be folded up properly
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.00,0:01:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,misfolds into a kind of demented origami.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.00,0:01:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So one approach we’re taking is to try to design drugs
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.00,0:01:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that function like molecular Scotch tape,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.00,0:01:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to hold the protein into its proper shape.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.00,0:01:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That would keep it from forming the tangles
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.00,0:01:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that seem to kill large sections of the brain when they do.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.00,0:01:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Interestingly enough, other neurologic diseases
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.00,0:01:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which affect very different parts of the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.00,0:01:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also show tangles of misfolded protein,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.00,0:01:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which suggests that the approach might be a general one,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.00,0:02:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and might be used to cure many neurologic diseases,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.00,0:02:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just Alzheimer’s disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.00,0:02:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There’s also a fascinating connection to cancer here,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.00,0:02:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because people with neurologic diseases
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.00,0:02:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have a very low incidence of most cancers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.00,0:02:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is a connection that most people aren’t pursuing right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.00,0:02:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but which we’re fascinated by.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.00,0:02:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of the important and all of the creative work in this area
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.00,0:02:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is being funded by private philanthropies.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.00,0:02:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there’s tremendous scope for additional private help here,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.00,0:02:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the government has dropped the ball on much of this, I’m afraid.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.00,0:02:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the meantime, while we’re waiting for all these things to happen,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.00,0:02:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here’s what you can do for yourself.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.00,0:02:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you want to lower your risk of Parkinson’s disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.00,0:02:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,caffeine is protective to some extent; nobody knows why.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.00,0:02:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Head injuries are bad for you. They lead to Parkinson’s disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.00,0:02:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the Avian Flu is also not a good idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.00,0:02:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As far as protecting yourself against Alzheimer’s disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.00,0:02:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well, it turns out that fish oil has the effect
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.00,0:02:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of reducing your risk for Alzheimer’s disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.00,0:03:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You should also keep your blood pressure down,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.00,0:03:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because chronic high blood pressure
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.00,0:03:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the biggest single risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.00,0:03:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s also the biggest risk factor for glaucoma,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.00,0:03:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is just Alzheimer’s disease of the eye.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.00,0:03:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, when it comes to cognitive effects,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.00,0:03:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"use it or lose it" applies,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.00,0:03:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you want to stay mentally stimulated.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.00,0:03:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But hey, you’re listening to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.00,0:03:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you’ve got that covered.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.00,0:03:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one final thing. Wish people like me luck, okay?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.00,0:03:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the clock is ticking for all of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.00,0:03:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.