WEBVTT

00:00:00.450 --> 00:00:02.962
(Portuguese): The lovely and hospitable capital

00:00:02.962 --> 00:00:05.009
of the state of Minas Gerais.

00:00:18.389 --> 00:00:21.093
Good afternoon,

00:00:21.093 --> 00:00:23.353
I won't speak in Portuguese because

00:00:23.353 --> 00:00:25.956
I don't speak Portuguese.

00:00:25.956 --> 00:00:30.410
And I don't want to invent
the first talk in Portuñol.

00:00:30.410 --> 00:00:33.064
So I'm going to speak English.

00:00:41.168 --> 00:00:43.661
I come from Mexico.

00:00:43.661 --> 00:00:47.598
So, thirty years ago,
I was born in Mexico City

00:00:48.818 --> 00:00:52.515
and as you may know,
Mexico is the country where corn,

00:00:52.955 --> 00:00:57.513
maize, was born centuries ago.

00:00:58.863 --> 00:01:00.973
We call it the land of corn.

00:01:00.973 --> 00:01:04.143
And actually, corn is very important
in our culture,

00:01:04.903 --> 00:01:07.014
but not just in our culture,

00:01:07.014 --> 00:01:09.542
but mainly in our gastronomy.

00:01:09.542 --> 00:01:11.655
And maybe some of you have been going to

00:01:11.655 --> 00:01:15.230
Mexican restaurants, eating tacos, maybe.

00:01:16.430 --> 00:01:18.383
Maybe burritos, although burritos

00:01:18.383 --> 00:01:20.972
are not really Mexican, sorry.

00:01:21.952 --> 00:01:24.456
But they mostly use what we have here,

00:01:24.456 --> 00:01:25.946
which are tortillas.

00:01:25.946 --> 00:01:29.556
These tortillas are made out of corn,
and in Mexico,

00:01:29.556 --> 00:01:31.680
corn consumption is quite big.

00:01:31.680 --> 00:01:35.345
As you can see there,
from the statistics from the FAO,

00:01:35.345 --> 00:01:37.301
per person, per year, a Mexican

00:01:37.301 --> 00:01:40.819
eats around 120 kg of corn.

00:01:41.929 --> 00:01:44.845
So, it's not just important
in terms of the culture,

00:01:44.845 --> 00:01:47.857
but is very important
in terms of nutrition.

00:01:49.147 --> 00:01:52.535
So, by knowing that,
when I was 15 years old

00:01:53.345 --> 00:01:57.523
I started having dreams,
and my dream at that stage was

00:01:58.723 --> 00:02:02.535
to help creating an enhancement,

00:02:03.095 --> 00:02:06.131
a nutritious enhancement in corn.

00:02:06.131 --> 00:02:10.369
So, my fellow citizens,
Mexicans that eat a lot of tortillas

00:02:10.369 --> 00:02:15.263
every day, like bread,
will have a better nutrition, ok?

00:02:15.263 --> 00:02:18.372
That was my dream when I was 15.

00:02:18.742 --> 00:02:22.597
And I suppose people like me
when I was 15

00:02:22.597 --> 00:02:25.807
and you have a dream like that,
the first thing you start to do

00:02:25.827 --> 00:02:29.120
is to decide to study science,
engineering,

00:02:29.120 --> 00:02:30.531
so that's what I did.

00:02:30.531 --> 00:02:34.859
So step by step I started
studying biochemical engineering,

00:02:35.929 --> 00:02:39.230
graduated, and quite fast,
at the age of 23,

00:02:39.230 --> 00:02:43.012
I was already working
as a research associate

00:02:43.012 --> 00:02:44.735
at the University of Canterbury

00:02:44.735 --> 00:02:46.958
in the Biological Science Department.

00:02:46.958 --> 00:02:50.563
I quickly started to participate in projects

00:02:53.513 --> 00:02:57.580
related to research
on biotechnology, which made sense,

00:02:57.580 --> 00:03:00.564
if I come back to my previous dream.

00:03:10.254 --> 00:03:14.610
So, I don't know, if you think
a lot about inflexions in life,

00:03:15.180 --> 00:03:19.036
those moments that suddenly
change the direction,

00:03:19.036 --> 00:03:21.988
the current trend of your life,
and transforming

00:03:21.988 --> 00:03:25.059
all deviating into a new one.

00:03:25.389 --> 00:03:27.973
To me, this happened in 2005.

00:03:28.813 --> 00:03:33.045
In 2005 I had the opportunity
to go to the Solomon Islands.

00:03:34.585 --> 00:03:37.755
I don’t know if many of you
know the Solomon Islands.

00:03:38.655 --> 00:03:41.992
Well, the Solomon Islands
is actually a country,

00:03:41.992 --> 00:03:45.062
that is situated in the Pacific.

00:03:45.062 --> 00:03:47.990
It is part of the Pacific Islands.

00:03:49.430 --> 00:03:52.260
So, this is a picture
that I took from the plane,

00:03:52.260 --> 00:03:54.680
this is what it looks like.

00:03:54.680 --> 00:03:58.263
It is a very interesting place
with the highest concentration

00:03:58.263 --> 00:04:00.764
of ethnicities and languages in the world.

00:04:00.764 --> 00:04:03.381
And despite of all of that
we don’t know it too much.

00:04:03.381 --> 00:04:05.764
We actually know more
about the Solomon Islands

00:04:05.764 --> 00:04:09.431
because this was the place
where lots of the navel battles

00:04:09.431 --> 00:04:12.655
during the Second World War happened

00:04:12.655 --> 00:04:15.127
and lots of divers go, for example,

00:04:15.127 --> 00:04:17.328
but not many other people.

00:04:17.328 --> 00:04:21.901
So, I was actually invited there
by a conservation biologist

00:04:21.901 --> 00:04:25.502
from the Solomon’s
called Patrick Pikacha.

00:04:25.502 --> 00:04:28.541
He brought me to an island
that is called Choiseul Island,

00:04:28.541 --> 00:04:31.477
which it is in the Solomon Islands
but it is next to the border

00:04:31.487 --> 00:04:35.144
with Papua New Guinea,
and this is how it looks.

00:04:35.144 --> 00:04:38.557
Very beautiful
and it will probably look like

00:04:38.557 --> 00:04:41.586
some other places here also in Brazil.


00:04:41.586 --> 00:04:44.846
So, we went there
because Patrick was doing some work,

00:04:44.846 --> 00:04:47.346
trying to monitor a native species,

00:04:47.346 --> 00:04:50.182
in particular he likes to study frogs.

00:04:50.182 --> 00:04:54.464
So, I don’t know why,
but scientists like him,

00:04:54.464 --> 00:04:57.968
biologists, like to work
at night, maybe because frogs

00:04:58.846 --> 00:05:00.909
usually go out at night

00:05:00.909 --> 00:05:04.595
like some people here
also in Brazil, and Latin America.

00:05:04.595 --> 00:05:09.930
Well, just like frogs, we had to go
outside at night,

00:05:09.930 --> 00:05:13.680
with Patrick, and we were looking
for these frogs

00:05:13.680 --> 00:05:17.888
and just after 30 seconds
of getting out of the field station,

00:05:17.888 --> 00:05:21.293
I realized that this was
not my environment, completely.

00:05:21.293 --> 00:05:25.732
I was completely blind.
Imagine this dark to me,

00:05:25.732 --> 00:05:27.667
I was completely like a blind man.

00:05:27.667 --> 00:05:30.724
I already wear glasses.
Imagine me in here.

00:05:30.724 --> 00:05:32.887
Because I am very used to cities,
for example,

00:05:32.887 --> 00:05:35.880
but not really this kind of environment.

00:05:35.880 --> 00:05:39.208
It was even more interesting,
my experience,

00:05:39.208 --> 00:05:43.616
when I started to see that Patrick
was using his lantern on the river,

00:05:43.616 --> 00:05:46.228
starting to spot some
of the different frogs.

00:05:46.228 --> 00:05:48.597
For me, it was completely invisible.

00:05:48.597 --> 00:05:53.263
But the most interesting thing here,
is that the boy,

00:05:53.263 --> 00:05:56.292
the teenager that was leading
the expedition,

00:05:56.292 --> 00:05:59.596
he was actually spotting
the place where organisms

00:05:59.596 --> 00:06:02.442
were going to appear,
even before the expert,

00:06:02.442 --> 00:06:04.702
even before Patrick.

00:06:04.702 --> 00:06:07.004
And at that moment I started to realize

00:06:07.004 --> 00:06:09.473
that something interesting was happening,

00:06:09.473 --> 00:06:13.608
and I started to look on
how this non-expert, this teenager,

00:06:13.608 --> 00:06:17.846
had a different sight, definitely,
compared to mine,

00:06:17.846 --> 00:06:22.549
but also different from
the real expert, from Patrick.

00:06:22.949 --> 00:06:25.890
But the Solomon Islands
do not only have a forest,

00:06:25.890 --> 00:06:28.124
they also have cities.

00:06:28.124 --> 00:06:31.514
And in the city of Honiara,
which is the capital,

00:06:31.514 --> 00:06:34.665
we and some colleagues
from the University of Canterbury,

00:06:34.665 --> 00:06:38.036
like professor Jack Hyneman,
my friend and colleague

00:06:38.036 --> 00:06:39.969
from the Solomon Islands Paul Roughan,

00:06:39.969 --> 00:06:41.550
started to organize some

00:06:41.550 --> 00:06:45.642
capacity building initiatives
to discuss biotechnology

00:06:45.642 --> 00:06:49.546
in the Solomon Islands
and discuss biology in general.

00:06:50.096 --> 00:06:53.485
The person you see here is Naneth Tutua.

00:06:53.485 --> 00:06:57.590
She is a business woman
from the Solomon Islands.

00:06:57.590 --> 00:07:01.558
What she is [holding] there
is a DNA extraction

00:07:01.558 --> 00:07:03.847
from a papaya.

00:07:03.847 --> 00:07:07.181
She was able to visualize DNA.

00:07:07.181 --> 00:07:08.632
So how did this happen?

00:07:08.632 --> 00:07:11.765
Because Solomon Islands is considered

00:07:11.765 --> 00:07:14.737
one of the least developed places
in the world.

00:07:14.737 --> 00:07:17.953
So, there are no real laboratories
for molecular biology there.

00:07:19.180 --> 00:07:21.930
But what we had to do is to improvise.

00:07:21.930 --> 00:07:26.463
To do a different kind
of experiment in order to extract DNA

00:07:26.513 --> 00:07:31.846
and so, Ms. Naneth
could see what DNA looks like,

00:07:31.846 --> 00:07:36.521
and by looking at this,
she was able to demystify DNA.

00:07:37.161 --> 00:07:38.730
And DNA was just not something

00:07:38.730 --> 00:07:41.734
that is abstract
and she cannot understand,

00:07:41.734 --> 00:07:44.536
this time she was able to see it,
understand it,

00:07:44.536 --> 00:07:48.180
and when someone wants
to talk about biotechnology,

00:07:48.180 --> 00:07:51.711
she has somehow,
some confidence to talk about this.

00:07:51.711 --> 00:07:55.034
She seems quite proud
of doing her extraction.

00:07:55.764 --> 00:07:58.742
And naturally, DNA extractions,
I don’t know if you know,

00:07:58.742 --> 00:08:00.520
but are quite easy to do.

00:08:00.520 --> 00:08:05.156
You just need salt,
detergent and alcohol.

00:08:05.156 --> 00:08:07.924
So I started to use
these three ingredients,

00:08:07.924 --> 00:08:11.095
put it in my bag
and started to travel around,

00:08:11.095 --> 00:08:13.681
doing exactly what we did
in the Solomon’s,

00:08:13.681 --> 00:08:15.631
repeating the experience, bringing

00:08:15.631 --> 00:08:18.917
the demystification of DNA.

00:08:18.917 --> 00:08:21.639
This happens in different places
of the world

00:08:21.639 --> 00:08:25.073
but definitely my
most important experience

00:08:27.763 --> 00:08:33.051
was when last November,
a DNA extraction was featured

00:08:33.051 --> 00:08:37.026
in a Chilean soap opera
called Decibel 110.

00:08:38.956 --> 00:08:41.482
A low cost kitchen DNA extraction

00:08:42.192 --> 00:08:45.553
was part of this meet-up
between Francisco

00:08:45.573 --> 00:08:48.514
and his prohibited love, Cindy.

00:08:50.894 --> 00:08:55.426
We didn’t stop at the DNA extraction,
we suddenly started to play also

00:08:55.476 --> 00:08:58.096
with instruments of molecular biology.

00:08:58.096 --> 00:09:00.978
Here you have some pictures of workshops

00:09:00.978 --> 00:09:03.813
that we’ve performed
in Philippines, where we actually

00:09:03.813 --> 00:09:06.513
started to develop basic
molecular lab equipment,

00:09:06.513 --> 00:09:08.785
as you can see there,
it looks quite basic,

00:09:08.785 --> 00:09:10.622
but it's actually
some of the equipment

00:09:10.622 --> 00:09:13.992
that is mostly used in laboratories.

00:09:19.232 --> 00:09:22.513
So, once I started to build up
this kind of motion

00:09:22.513 --> 00:09:25.334
and instrument and trying to work out

00:09:25.334 --> 00:09:30.041
with these local's technology,
and the demystification

00:09:30.041 --> 00:09:32.639
and with all those travels,

00:09:32.639 --> 00:09:35.547
I suddenly found myself in West Africa.

00:09:35.547 --> 00:09:38.742
And West Africa was also
an inflexion point for me.

00:09:38.742 --> 00:09:41.419
The reason for that,
is that in West Africa

00:09:41.419 --> 00:09:45.056
I found for the first time
a hub of people

00:09:45.056 --> 00:09:47.347
that were thinking a bit like me.

00:09:47.347 --> 00:09:52.063
That were asking questions
about the experts,

00:09:52.063 --> 00:09:54.733
that were asking questions
about technology.

00:09:54.733 --> 00:09:57.096
What kind of technology?
For whom?

00:09:57.096 --> 00:09:58.871
They were asking questions about

00:09:58.871 --> 00:10:01.707
what Africa can bring to the world.

00:10:01.707 --> 00:10:04.024
The interesting thing here,
is that they were

00:10:04.024 --> 00:10:07.477
mainly social scientists,
but also farmers,

00:10:07.477 --> 00:10:11.429
and artists, talking about this.

00:10:11.429 --> 00:10:14.818
So we decided to stay more,
and I’ve been going

00:10:14.818 --> 00:10:19.224
to West Africa every year since 2007.

00:10:19.224 --> 00:10:24.180
And the basic question of it,
is based on this picture.

00:10:24.180 --> 00:10:26.013
As you can see we have a plane.

00:10:26.013 --> 00:10:29.132
A plane represents technology, I think,

00:10:29.132 --> 00:10:32.369
and as we can agree,
planes have changed

00:10:32.369 --> 00:10:35.262
the way we move,
the way we communicate,

00:10:35.262 --> 00:10:37.680
but also the way diseases are transmitted

00:10:37.680 --> 00:10:39.430
and also passed.

00:10:39.430 --> 00:10:41.596
But what is important here
is not just to look at the technology,

00:10:41.596 --> 00:10:45.014
but to look at the context surrounding it.

00:10:45.014 --> 00:10:49.453
And maybe for some of you
this will look quite nice.

00:10:49.453 --> 00:10:52.846
For me, it allows me to make
the questions about

00:10:52.846 --> 00:10:55.627
what is the context about.

00:10:55.627 --> 00:10:58.595
What this technology
can offer to the context?

00:10:58.595 --> 00:11:01.665
Does this technology fit into the context?

00:11:01.665 --> 00:11:04.167
And those were the questions used

00:11:04.167 --> 00:11:06.674
as a base for our documentary:

00:11:06.684 --> 00:11:09.812
(Music)

00:11:14.822 --> 00:11:18.304
(Video) Man (French): If science say so,
it counts as "the gospel".

00:11:20.004 --> 00:11:22.285
Science is made by man.

00:11:22.285 --> 00:11:24.660
Science must be made by man

00:11:24.660 --> 00:11:26.361
for man.

00:11:26.361 --> 00:11:28.296
Woman: Why do we do research?

00:11:28.296 --> 00:11:30.096
Who does the research?

00:11:30.096 --> 00:11:31.986
For what purpose?

00:11:33.200 --> 00:11:35.515
Man: And the specialists hide

00:11:35.515 --> 00:11:37.842
in their offices, in their sects,

00:11:37.842 --> 00:11:40.048
to decide for everybody.

00:11:41.079 --> 00:11:43.285
Man: To create an agricultural policy,

00:11:43.285 --> 00:11:45.384
without the farmers

00:11:45.384 --> 00:11:47.464
it means that we are not discussing
agriculture.

00:11:47.464 --> 00:11:50.289
Man: The farmer needs to consider himself
as a researcher

00:11:50.289 --> 00:11:52.213
as someone who works in a laboratory.

00:11:52.213 --> 00:11:55.020
Woman: It is not enough to research
inside a laboratory.

00:11:55.020 --> 00:11:57.539
Man: Today, we will extract DNA
from plants.

00:11:58.225 --> 00:12:01.743
Woman: Is not enough to do research
inside an institution.

00:12:01.743 --> 00:12:04.466
Man: We will use some salt,

00:12:04.466 --> 00:12:06.207
some detergent,

00:12:06.207 --> 00:12:07.801
we have alcohol and test tubes.

00:12:07.801 --> 00:12:10.034
We are able to extract DNA.
We saw it.

00:12:10.263 --> 00:12:12.734
I saw the DNA,
our friends saw the DNA.

00:12:12.734 --> 00:12:16.485
Without any electron
or optical microscope.

00:12:16.485 --> 00:12:20.236
Woman: We have to deinstitutionalize
the research!

00:12:20.306 --> 00:12:23.989
Camilo Rodriguez-Beltran: So,
this is just a fragment of the documentary

00:12:23.989 --> 00:12:27.169
“Autrement” (“Differently”),
that we did in West Africa,

00:12:27.169 --> 00:12:30.257
and, as you can see,
it just raises questions

00:12:30.257 --> 00:12:33.956
about technology, science,
but based on the context in West Africa.

00:12:33.985 --> 00:12:35.986
And as you can see there is
an empowerment of it.

00:12:35.986 --> 00:12:38.462
There is a message that Africans
want to say

00:12:38.462 --> 00:12:41.288
about what they can offer.

00:12:42.198 --> 00:12:45.970
So, after building kind of a boat,

00:12:45.970 --> 00:12:49.505
with instruments and methods,
we started to use them

00:12:49.505 --> 00:12:51.430
in different parts of the globe,

00:12:51.430 --> 00:12:54.378
then I decided also to observe. 


00:12:54.378 --> 00:12:59.276
And this comes from
a so called expert that is known

00:13:00.816 --> 00:13:04.930
now to talk about the non-experts.

00:13:04.930 --> 00:13:09.160
Usually the non-experts
are kind of invisible

00:13:09.160 --> 00:13:11.949
in this generation of knowledge.

00:13:12.229 --> 00:13:16.682
Mostly, non experts are consumers or users

00:13:16.682 --> 00:13:21.004
of knowledge, of technology, of science.

00:13:21.004 --> 00:13:23.929
We have had several
technological revolutions

00:13:23.929 --> 00:13:27.710
starting with Information Technology,

00:13:27.710 --> 00:13:31.680
starting also in agriculture,
lots of technical revolutions.

00:13:31.680 --> 00:13:35.689
But most of the people in the world,
and I'm talking here also of countries,

00:13:35.699 --> 00:13:39.787
have been mostly consumers and users.

00:13:39.787 --> 00:13:42.839
This is a list of the technologies

00:13:45.229 --> 00:13:48.398
that Peter Diamandis,
from Singularity University,

00:13:48.398 --> 00:13:51.208
proposed at the last TED.

00:13:51.968 --> 00:13:54.933
This list, which is quite interesting,

00:13:54.933 --> 00:13:58.185
he proposes are the technologies
that will change

00:13:58.195 --> 00:14:00.865
and that are already changing the future.

00:14:01.545 --> 00:14:03.287
And among these technologies,

00:14:03.287 --> 00:14:07.624
he also talks about the crowd,
and the power of the crowd.

00:14:07.624 --> 00:14:11.556
He actually introduced the term
cyber citizens,

00:14:11.556 --> 00:14:14.618
which are normal citizens,
people like us,

00:14:14.618 --> 00:14:18.497
that participate via online,
and in his example,

00:14:18.497 --> 00:14:22.100
it was in a game of folding proteins.

00:14:22.100 --> 00:14:25.769
Not only for the pleasure
of playing a game

00:14:25.769 --> 00:14:28.438
but actually to solve medical problems.

00:14:28.438 --> 00:14:32.984
And this is where we are now,
in a world where

00:14:32.984 --> 00:14:36.346
the non experts are not just
consumers and users,

00:14:36.346 --> 00:14:40.350
but they are transforming
themselves into contributors.

00:14:40.350 --> 00:14:43.974
We heard today,
this morning, a very good example of it

00:14:43.974 --> 00:14:46.962
happening here, in the Amazon.

00:14:46.962 --> 00:14:50.889
But some of these are also
what we call the Crowd-X,

00:14:50.889 --> 00:14:54.030
or crowdsourcing, or crowdfunding.

00:14:54.030 --> 00:14:56.767
A very good example is Wikipedia.

00:14:56.767 --> 00:14:59.973
Wikipedia is a contribution
of the non-experts.

00:14:59.973 --> 00:15:02.672
And we have lots of examples like that.

00:15:02.672 --> 00:15:05.341
The citizen science, the bio-hackers,

00:15:05.341 --> 00:15:07.390
this is happening right now.

00:15:07.390 --> 00:15:09.140
The Who is changing.

00:15:09.140 --> 00:15:12.515
The non-experts are contributing right now.

00:15:12.515 --> 00:15:14.550
However, I am here to propose

00:15:14.560 --> 00:15:18.089
something more radical,
than just being contributors.

00:15:19.189 --> 00:15:23.720
I want also to raise questions
regarding the What.

00:15:24.390 --> 00:15:26.390
What kind of technology?

00:15:26.390 --> 00:15:29.638
Is that the only list of technologies
that will shape the future?

00:15:29.668 --> 00:15:31.306
I don’t think so.

00:15:31.306 --> 00:15:33.671
I don’t think there is only
one way to see

00:15:33.671 --> 00:15:35.869
how we're going to develop
ourselves into the future.

00:15:35.899 --> 00:15:40.755
I actually think that we need more
and we have more.

00:15:40.755 --> 00:15:44.557
We need knowledge that starts to develop

00:15:44.557 --> 00:15:47.556
from the context, context-based.

00:15:47.556 --> 00:15:49.532
We heard some examples from West Africa

00:15:49.532 --> 00:15:50.637
and the Solomon's.

00:15:50.637 --> 00:15:53.947
Those are different contexts
and they can develop

00:15:53.947 --> 00:15:56.860
new ways to see generation of knowledge.

00:15:56.860 --> 00:16:00.592
We probably need to unlabel,

00:16:00.682 --> 00:16:03.140
not to say: science is just this,

00:16:03.140 --> 00:16:05.598
and if you start to bring some
art into this,

00:16:05.598 --> 00:16:08.058
then it's not science,
you can't talk about that.

00:16:08.058 --> 00:16:11.112
Maybe we have to start unlabeling things.

00:16:11.112 --> 00:16:13.529
For example, in our documentary,

00:16:13.529 --> 00:16:15.936
we talk about science and development

00:16:15.956 --> 00:16:19.455
but we use contemporary African dance
to talk about that, why?

00:16:19.455 --> 00:16:22.818
Because if you talk
about contemporary dance in Africa,

00:16:22.818 --> 00:16:24.697
things make sense.

00:16:24.697 --> 00:16:29.412
If you don’t use the culture,
things do not make sense.

00:16:30.162 --> 00:16:34.028
It is important to work out
in the demystification,

00:16:34.028 --> 00:16:37.668
in the democratization, decentralization.

00:16:37.668 --> 00:16:41.739
I think we can have very good examples
for research

00:16:41.739 --> 00:16:44.007
coming from these places.

00:16:44.007 --> 00:16:47.444
Solomon Islands,
this tiny archipelago, could become,

00:16:47.444 --> 00:16:49.745
for example, the best observatory,

00:16:49.745 --> 00:16:52.612
monitoring of global changes in the world.

00:16:52.612 --> 00:16:55.697
And these could be
the new research centers

00:16:55.697 --> 00:16:57.822
happening around the world,

00:16:57.822 --> 00:17:00.613
maybe these are the new contributors.

00:17:00.613 --> 00:17:02.726
I actually believe that we have passed

00:17:02.726 --> 00:17:05.696
from the technological revolution to,
right now,

00:17:05.696 --> 00:17:09.696
in a crowd revolution,
but we need something else.

00:17:09.696 --> 00:17:13.736
We need a humble revolution.
We need humbleness.

00:17:13.736 --> 00:17:18.008
We need to reduce our ego.

00:17:18.008 --> 00:17:22.443
Those who consider themselves specialists,
or experts,

00:17:22.443 --> 00:17:24.246
we need to reduce the ego.

00:17:24.246 --> 00:17:28.029
Once we reduce the ego,
we are able to identify

00:17:28.029 --> 00:17:30.990
the potential among our peers,

00:17:31.010 --> 00:17:34.091
among those that we call the non-experts.

00:17:34.091 --> 00:17:39.864
And, by doing that,
we will be able to start new directions.

00:17:39.864 --> 00:17:42.983
New directions for science, for technology,

00:17:44.613 --> 00:17:47.863
you can call it the way you want.


00:17:47.863 --> 00:17:50.304
I will just finish with this slide,

00:17:50.314 --> 00:17:53.320
which to me represents empowerment,

00:17:54.270 --> 00:17:57.686
because I am here,
standing in front of you,

00:17:59.026 --> 00:18:01.745
and that dream that I had
when I was 15 years old,

00:18:01.745 --> 00:18:04.081
I want you to remember,
that dream has changed.

00:18:05.421 --> 00:18:08.357
That dream has actually expanded.

00:18:08.357 --> 00:18:12.486
I don’t want to build,
with a bunch of experts,

00:18:13.446 --> 00:18:17.327
a technological tool to help
the population of my country.

00:18:17.947 --> 00:18:21.504
I want to create something new.

00:18:21.504 --> 00:18:25.668
I want to expand my horizon,
and this is all.

00:18:25.668 --> 00:18:27.132
Thank you very much.

00:18:27.132 --> 00:18:30.232
(Applause)