WEBVTT 00:00:05.306 --> 00:00:06.946 Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. 00:00:06.946 --> 00:00:10.870 If I could request the resetting of the clock, it's on at four minutes at the moment, 00:00:10.870 --> 00:00:12.963 I presume from the one before... Fantastic! 00:00:12.963 --> 00:00:14.732 Okay! So, my name is Akala, 00:00:14.732 --> 00:00:16.616 I'm from the Hip Hop Shakespeare Company. 00:00:16.616 --> 00:00:19.138 And before we get into the philosophy of our work, 00:00:19.138 --> 00:00:21.720 what that means, what the intention is behind it, 00:00:21.720 --> 00:00:24.099 I'm going to challenge you guys to a little bit of a pop quiz. 00:00:24.099 --> 00:00:26.178 And we've done this pop quiz quite a few times, 00:00:26.178 --> 00:00:27.617 we'll talk about it after we do it. 00:00:27.617 --> 00:00:30.538 I'm gonna simply tell you some quotes. 00:00:30.538 --> 00:00:34.177 One line quotes, taken either from some of my favorite hip hop songs, 00:00:34.177 --> 00:00:36.945 or some of my favorite Shakespearean plays or sonnets. 00:00:36.945 --> 00:00:39.344 And you're gonna tell me by show of hands, 00:00:39.344 --> 00:00:42.791 whether you think it's hip hop or Shakespeare. 00:00:42.791 --> 00:00:43.662 (Laughter) 00:00:43.662 --> 00:00:45.208 Does that make sense? Okay. 00:00:45.208 --> 00:00:47.101 So the first one we'll go for is: 00:00:47.101 --> 00:00:51.125 "To destroy the beauty from which one came." 00:00:51.125 --> 00:00:55.957 "To destroy the beauty from which one came." 00:00:55.957 --> 00:01:00.582 If you think that's hip hop, raise your hands please. 00:01:00.582 --> 00:01:02.908 If that's Shakespeare, raise your hands please. 00:01:02.908 --> 00:01:06.182 Brilliant, okay, that's 70 percent towards Shakespeare. 00:01:06.182 --> 00:01:10.261 It's from a gentleman known as Sean Carter, better known as Jay-Z, 00:01:10.261 --> 00:01:12.719 from a track called "Can I live?" 00:01:12.719 --> 00:01:14.821 We'll go for another one. 00:01:14.821 --> 00:01:19.781 "Maybe it's hatred I spew, maybe it's food for the spirit." 00:01:19.781 --> 00:01:25.982 "Maybe it's hatred I spew, maybe it's food for the spirit." 00:01:25.982 --> 00:01:29.985 Hip hop? 00:01:29.985 --> 00:01:32.341 Shakespeare? 00:01:32.341 --> 00:01:35.974 Getting overwhelmingly towards Shakespeare. Interesting. 00:01:35.974 --> 00:01:38.110 Anyone heard of a gentleman known as Eminem? 00:01:38.110 --> 00:01:39.500 (Laughter) 00:01:39.500 --> 00:01:41.147 He's not Shakespeare. 00:01:41.147 --> 00:01:43.822 That's from a track Eminem did with Jay-Z actually, called "Renegade." 00:01:43.822 --> 00:01:45.437 We'll go for a couple more. 00:01:45.437 --> 00:01:50.663 "Men would rather use their broken weapons than their bare hands." 00:01:50.663 --> 00:01:56.343 "Men would rather use their broken weapons than their bare hands." 00:01:56.343 --> 00:02:00.986 Hip hop? 00:02:00.986 --> 00:02:02.983 Shakespeare? 00:02:02.983 --> 00:02:05.105 Pretty even spread with a Shakespearean lean. 00:02:05.105 --> 00:02:09.744 That one is from Shakespeare, it's from a play known as "Othello." 00:02:09.744 --> 00:02:11.064 We go for: 00:02:11.064 --> 00:02:14.743 "I was not born under a rhyming planet." 00:02:14.743 --> 00:02:20.664 "I was not born under a rhyming planet." 00:02:20.664 --> 00:02:24.219 Hip hop? 00:02:24.219 --> 00:02:26.969 Shakespeare? 00:02:26.969 --> 00:02:29.420 That one is Shakespeare. It's from "Much Ado about Nothing." 00:02:29.420 --> 00:02:31.544 We go for two more. 00:02:31.544 --> 00:02:32.944 We go for: 00:02:32.944 --> 00:02:37.895 "The most benevolent king communicates through your dreams." 00:02:37.895 --> 00:02:43.618 "The most benevolent king communicates through your dreams." 00:02:43.618 --> 00:02:47.028 Hip hop? 00:02:47.028 --> 00:02:49.189 Shakespeare? 00:02:49.189 --> 00:02:51.438 Ah, fifty-fifty there. 00:02:51.438 --> 00:02:54.230 A gentleman known as the RZA who's the head of the Wu-Tang Clan. 00:02:54.230 --> 00:02:57.732 We're gonna be revisiting the Wu-Tang later, we'll be talking about him a lot. 00:02:57.742 --> 00:03:00.293 He's one of the main exponents of hip hop philosophy, 00:03:00.293 --> 00:03:03.251 someone, or a collective, that had a huge influence on me. 00:03:03.251 --> 00:03:05.092 But we'll revisit them. 00:03:05.092 --> 00:03:08.623 Last quote of the day. Let's go for... 00:03:08.623 --> 00:03:14.496 "Socrates, philosophies and hypotheses can't define." 00:03:14.496 --> 00:03:18.895 "Socrates, philosophies and hypotheses can't define." 00:03:18.895 --> 00:03:21.644 Hip hop? 00:03:21.644 --> 00:03:24.034 Shakespeare? 00:03:24.034 --> 00:03:26.380 Overwhelmingly towards hip hop. And that one, that is hip hop. 00:03:26.380 --> 00:03:29.622 That's Wu-Tang again, that's from a man named Inspectah Deck. 00:03:29.622 --> 00:03:32.936 Interestingly, that quote comes from a single, or track, 00:03:32.936 --> 00:03:35.067 known as "Triumph" from the album "Wu-Tang Forever." 00:03:35.067 --> 00:03:39.159 "Wu-Tang Forever" was the first hip-hop album to go number one in this country. 00:03:39.159 --> 00:03:42.539 So that was what made hip hop cross over with this kind of lyricism, 00:03:42.539 --> 00:03:47.091 but we're gonna revisit that a little later and revisit the Wu-Tang, as I said. 00:03:47.091 --> 00:03:52.103 So, as you can see, it wasn't as clear-cut as many of us may have thought. 00:03:52.103 --> 00:03:55.154 The language used, the subjects spoken about, 00:03:55.154 --> 00:03:58.292 various things make it very, very difficult once the context is taken away, 00:03:58.292 --> 00:04:00.033 once our perception is taken away, 00:04:00.033 --> 00:04:04.061 and we have to look at just the raw language of the two art forms. 00:04:04.061 --> 00:04:07.223 And don't worry, we've done that exercise over 400 times, 00:04:07.223 --> 00:04:09.184 and as of yet, no-one has got them all right. 00:04:09.184 --> 00:04:12.101 Not even some of the most senior professors 00:04:12.101 --> 00:04:15.416 at some of the most respected Shakespearean institutions in the country, 00:04:15.416 --> 00:04:18.058 I shan't name names. (Laughter) 00:04:18.058 --> 00:04:21.824 But needless to say: it's challenged a lot of people's perceptions 00:04:21.824 --> 00:04:24.044 and we extend from that, we look at some of the other parallels 00:04:24.044 --> 00:04:25.518 between hip hop and Shakespeare, 00:04:25.518 --> 00:04:27.443 at some of the other things they share. 00:04:27.443 --> 00:04:30.616 One of the main things that is shared between the two is of course rhythm. 00:04:30.616 --> 00:04:34.101 Iambic pentameter -- dee-dum, dee-dum, dee-dum, dee-dum, dee-dum. 00:04:34.101 --> 00:04:37.372 Five sets, two beats, it's actually a wonderful rhythm 00:04:37.372 --> 00:04:40.166 to use in hip hop music and translates in a way 00:04:40.166 --> 00:04:42.816 that even artists writing today find difficult. 00:04:42.816 --> 00:04:44.046 What do I mean by that? 00:04:44.046 --> 00:04:47.822 It's very difficult to take, even as an MC, who is a professional MC, 00:04:47.822 --> 00:04:49.505 a lyric written over a grime beat, 00:04:49.505 --> 00:04:53.730 grime is a 140 bpm. Very, very fast tempo. 00:04:53.730 --> 00:04:55.911 And then take that same lyric and put it on a... 00:04:55.911 --> 00:05:00.067 what we consider to be a traditional hip hop beat, 70-80 bpm. 00:05:00.067 --> 00:05:02.582 A very, very difficult skill. Even writing now, 00:05:02.582 --> 00:05:03.975 with the music to hand. 00:05:03.975 --> 00:05:08.048 Yet, the iambic pentameter allows us to do just that. 00:05:08.048 --> 00:05:13.170 I'll show you what I mean rather than tell you. So listen up. 00:05:17.863 --> 00:05:20.586 Cue music please. 00:05:20.586 --> 00:05:22.393 (Music) 00:05:22.393 --> 00:05:25.128 What you're about to hear, some of you may know of it, 00:05:25.128 --> 00:05:27.024 some of you may not. 00:05:27.024 --> 00:05:30.421 It's Shakespeare's most famous poem, Sonnet 18. 00:05:30.421 --> 00:05:34.447 I haven't adopted it to make it fit to the rhythm, but just listen close. 00:05:34.447 --> 00:05:38.327 Okay. Yo. 00:05:38.327 --> 00:05:40.448 "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? 00:05:40.448 --> 00:05:43.007 Thou art more lovely and more temperate: 00:05:43.007 --> 00:05:44.926 Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, 00:05:44.926 --> 00:05:47.147 And summer's lease hath all too short a date: 00:05:47.147 --> 00:05:49.448 Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines, 00:05:49.448 --> 00:05:51.648 And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; 00:05:51.648 --> 00:05:53.895 And every fair from fair sometime declines, 00:05:53.895 --> 00:05:56.169 By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd; 00:05:56.169 --> 00:05:58.489 But thy eternal summer shall not fade 00:05:58.489 --> 00:06:00.772 Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st; 00:06:00.772 --> 00:06:02.979 Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, 00:06:02.979 --> 00:06:05.166 When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st: 00:06:05.166 --> 00:06:07.448 So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, 00:06:07.448 --> 00:06:09.768 So long lives this and this gives life to thee. 00:06:09.768 --> 00:06:12.008 So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, 00:06:12.008 --> 00:06:16.408 So long lives this and this gives life to thee." 00:06:16.408 --> 00:06:17.913 (Applause) 00:06:17.913 --> 00:06:23.984 Now as you can see, it sits right there in the rhythm. 00:06:23.984 --> 00:06:26.066 It's right in the pocket of the beat. 00:06:26.066 --> 00:06:29.406 Now we're gonna try a completely different style of beat, different tempo of beat. 00:06:29.406 --> 00:06:34.211 You're gonna see the same lyric, because of this consistent rhythm, can fit. 00:06:34.211 --> 00:06:35.039 Let's try. 00:06:35.039 --> 00:06:41.539 (Music) 00:06:41.539 --> 00:06:43.172 "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? 00:06:43.172 --> 00:06:45.210 Thou art more lovely and more temperate: 00:06:45.210 --> 00:06:46.544 Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, 00:06:46.544 --> 00:06:48.255 And summer's lease hath all too short a date: 00:06:48.255 --> 00:06:50.010 Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, 00:06:50.010 --> 00:06:51.691 And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; 00:06:51.691 --> 00:06:53.412 And every fair from fair sometime declines, 00:06:53.412 --> 00:06:55.128 By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd; 00:06:55.128 --> 00:06:56.852 But thy eternal summer shall not fade 00:06:56.852 --> 00:06:58.570 Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st; 00:06:58.570 --> 00:07:00.090 Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, 00:07:00.090 --> 00:07:01.811 When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st: 00:07:01.811 --> 00:07:03.571 So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, 00:07:03.571 --> 00:07:05.333 So long lives this and this gives life to thee. 00:07:05.333 --> 00:07:07.090 So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, 00:07:07.090 --> 00:07:10.094 So long lives this and this gives life to thee." 00:07:10.094 --> 00:07:14.931 (Applause) 00:07:14.931 --> 00:07:19.204 What I'd like you all to do is just put your hand on your heart for a second. 00:07:22.143 --> 00:07:24.143 Now... If you feel your heart, 00:07:24.143 --> 00:07:27.093 hopefully, your heart should be beating in sets of two, 00:07:27.093 --> 00:07:30.213 one off, one on, dee-dum, or an iamb, as we call it. 00:07:30.213 --> 00:07:34.132 If it isn't, I do suggest you consult a doctor as soon as possible. 00:07:34.132 --> 00:07:36.337 But because of that -- you can take your hands off your hearts now -- 00:07:36.337 --> 00:07:39.936 But because of that, that's why this rhythm is so intrinsic, 00:07:39.936 --> 00:07:43.499 where, really, music is imitating the rhythm of life, the sounds of life. 00:07:43.499 --> 00:07:45.339 The heartbeat of life. 00:07:45.339 --> 00:07:49.226 And so, this rhythm, iambic pentameter, even though being such a simple rhythm, 00:07:49.226 --> 00:07:51.104 is intrinsic to so many forms of music. 00:07:51.104 --> 00:07:53.025 Other places in the world, they have different sorts of rhythms. 00:07:53.025 --> 00:07:55.343 Like the West-African rhythms, it's on the three, 00:07:55.343 --> 00:07:58.784 people speak in triplets, essentially. 00:07:58.784 --> 00:08:01.741 Well, we found that this rhythm really acts as a mnemonic device, 00:08:01.741 --> 00:08:03.901 for young people to remember the lyrics. 00:08:03.901 --> 00:08:08.660 But also, really, as a way to understand some of what is being said. 00:08:08.660 --> 00:08:10.461 The rhythm helps us understand it. 00:08:10.461 --> 00:08:12.140 It helps us to communicate feeling. 00:08:12.140 --> 00:08:14.260 And of course, in hip hop, tonality, 00:08:14.260 --> 00:08:16.502 the way you say what you're saying, 00:08:16.502 --> 00:08:17.981 the mood with which what you're saying, 00:08:17.981 --> 00:08:19.821 the rhythm with which what you're saying, 00:08:19.821 --> 00:08:21.869 is as important as what you're actually saying. 00:08:21.869 --> 00:08:23.786 But revisiting the philosophies 00:08:23.786 --> 00:08:26.745 and the perceptions or conceptions of these two art forms, 00:08:26.745 --> 00:08:29.035 these two things we think we know so much about, 00:08:29.035 --> 00:08:31.461 we'll start with Shakespeare. 00:08:31.461 --> 00:08:34.340 Over the course of the past three or four years, 00:08:34.340 --> 00:08:37.619 having worked with hundreds, thousands of young people now, 00:08:37.619 --> 00:08:39.227 at hundreds of workshops, 00:08:39.227 --> 00:08:41.901 we found out very interesting things 00:08:41.901 --> 00:08:43.701 about people's perception of Shakespeare. 00:08:43.701 --> 00:08:45.420 Who they think he was, 00:08:45.420 --> 00:08:49.140 what the inherited beliefs of the time in which he lived, 00:08:49.140 --> 00:08:52.337 the people he was surrounded by, his background, are. 00:08:52.337 --> 00:08:56.259 Some of them are of course, just as with hip hop, complete nonsense. 00:08:56.259 --> 00:08:58.618 This idea for example that Shakespeare spoke, 00:08:58.618 --> 00:09:01.802 as people say to us, posh, or the Queen's English. 00:09:01.802 --> 00:09:03.445 Received pronunciation. 00:09:03.445 --> 00:09:06.042 Well, received pronunciation we know wasn't invented 00:09:06.042 --> 00:09:08.123 well after 100 years after Shakespeare died. 00:09:08.123 --> 00:09:11.122 He'd never heard what we think of today as the Queen's English. 00:09:11.122 --> 00:09:13.614 When he was alive, people spoke a bit more like a mix 00:09:13.614 --> 00:09:16.004 between people from Yorkshire and Cornwall. 00:09:16.004 --> 00:09:18.405 So for example, the word "hours" was pronounced "urrs." 00:09:18.405 --> 00:09:19.925 "Urrs and urrs and urrs." 00:09:19.925 --> 00:09:22.279 Or: "mood" and "blood" ... rhyme! 00:09:22.279 --> 00:09:26.802 "mu:dd" and "blu:dd" was the way in which people would pronounce those words. 00:09:26.802 --> 00:09:29.122 The times in which he lived, you know, 00:09:29.122 --> 00:09:31.847 the chasm between rich and poor being larger than it is today, 00:09:31.847 --> 00:09:35.324 though we seem to be doing our best to recreate that chasm. 00:09:35.324 --> 00:09:38.884 But... you know, he was living in very tumultuous, very violent times 00:09:38.884 --> 00:09:42.483 and we really receive almost a sanitized vision of that violence, 00:09:42.483 --> 00:09:44.164 you know, coloring our view of the past. 00:09:44.164 --> 00:09:46.481 We know over ninety percent of Shakespeare's audience 00:09:46.481 --> 00:09:48.325 couldn't read or write. 00:09:48.325 --> 00:09:51.364 So how is it that in the 21st century in Britain 00:09:51.364 --> 00:09:55.731 that he's come to be viewed as almost the poster child for [elitism], 00:09:55.731 --> 00:09:58.470 and even within that now we're getting a debate: 00:09:58.470 --> 00:10:00.532 Did he even write his own plays? 00:10:00.532 --> 00:10:02.469 Because of course, this comes down to 00:10:02.469 --> 00:10:05.570 who's allowed to be the custodian of knowledge and who isn't. 00:10:05.570 --> 00:10:07.265 Shakespeare was someone who didn't go [to uni]. 00:10:07.265 --> 00:10:11.466 He wasn't Oxbridge. He's seen -- by some -- they need to see him that way -- 00:10:11.466 --> 00:10:15.019 as someone who's not entitled to be a custodian of knowledge. 00:10:15.019 --> 00:10:18.023 So we have to find an explanation for his intelligence 00:10:18.023 --> 00:10:21.577 rather than just accepting his intelligence as an actual fact. 00:10:21.577 --> 00:10:23.743 Which brings me on to hip hop. 00:10:23.743 --> 00:10:25.780 Many people have opinions of hip hop -- 00:10:25.780 --> 00:10:28.702 of course, the media's had some very loud opinions of hip hop. 00:10:28.702 --> 00:10:31.378 But I've found again over this working with thousands of people, 00:10:31.378 --> 00:10:32.978 and these hundreds of workshops, 00:10:32.978 --> 00:10:35.161 and interactions with these institutions, 00:10:35.161 --> 00:10:37.237 many people who have an opinion of hip hop 00:10:37.237 --> 00:10:39.060 know absolutely nothing about it. 00:10:39.060 --> 00:10:40.939 Zero. Zip. What do I mean by that? 00:10:40.939 --> 00:10:43.539 So... the very words "hip hop," 00:10:43.539 --> 00:10:46.626 the "hip" in that word comes from the Wolof word "hipi," 00:10:46.626 --> 00:10:48.339 Wolof is a Senegalese language, 00:10:48.339 --> 00:10:51.219 it means "to open one's eyes and see" as a term of enlightenment. 00:10:51.219 --> 00:10:53.780 The word "hop" from the English signifying movement, 00:10:53.780 --> 00:10:57.929 thus "hip hop" means "intelligent movement." 00:10:57.929 --> 00:10:59.740 Hip hop contains five elements 00:10:59.740 --> 00:11:03.299 as codified by its founding fathers in New York City. 00:11:03.299 --> 00:11:04.857 It contains five elements. 00:11:04.857 --> 00:11:07.885 DJing, MCing, break dancing, graffiti art 00:11:07.885 --> 00:11:10.818 and the fifth element, which is the one I want to talk about today: 00:11:10.818 --> 00:11:12.262 Knowledge. 00:11:12.262 --> 00:11:15.904 An element we don't see so much in the television or the radio, perhaps. 00:11:15.904 --> 00:11:19.261 But of course the representations of that culture today are not owned 00:11:19.261 --> 00:11:21.463 by the people who founded that culture. 00:11:21.463 --> 00:11:22.905 But when it's understood, 00:11:22.905 --> 00:11:24.989 if we go back to the medieval West-African empires 00:11:24.989 --> 00:11:27.543 of Mali, Songhai, Gao, ancient Ghana, 00:11:27.543 --> 00:11:30.459 you have a character that the Malians refer to as a griot. 00:11:30.459 --> 00:11:32.730 These griots still exist today, well, who was the griot? 00:11:32.730 --> 00:11:36.970 The griot was a rhythmic, oral poet, singer, 00:11:36.970 --> 00:11:41.762 musician, custodian of the history, of the spiritual tradition, etc. etc. etc., 00:11:41.762 --> 00:11:43.971 of those empires, of that culture. 00:11:43.971 --> 00:11:45.531 When we start to understand 00:11:45.531 --> 00:11:49.527 how those musical oral cultural traditions manifested in many complex ways, 00:11:49.527 --> 00:11:53.290 in the Americas, and helped influence jazz, blues, funk, 00:11:53.290 --> 00:11:54.929 up to hip hop, 00:11:54.929 --> 00:11:57.662 we get a much greater sense of what the founding fathers, 00:11:57.662 --> 00:12:01.492 Afrika Bambaataa, Kool DJ Herc and Grandmaster Flash were trying to do 00:12:01.492 --> 00:12:03.493 when they codified this culture in this way, 00:12:03.493 --> 00:12:05.571 and understood in that context, of course, 00:12:05.571 --> 00:12:08.277 hip hop becomes a very different proposition 00:12:08.277 --> 00:12:12.411 to a way in which much of the time it has been represented, 00:12:12.411 --> 00:12:14.811 when we understand what was going on in New York City 00:12:14.811 --> 00:12:16.527 in the late seventies, early eighties. 00:12:16.527 --> 00:12:18.809 People coming out of a post-civil rights era, 00:12:18.809 --> 00:12:23.450 aesthetic influence by the literature of Amiri Baraka or James Baldwin, 00:12:23.450 --> 00:12:25.528 influenced by the persona of a Muhammed Ali, 00:12:25.528 --> 00:12:27.111 influenced by the funk of a James Brown. 00:12:27.111 --> 00:12:30.130 James Brown the drummer, incidentally, is the most-sampled drummer in history. 00:12:30.130 --> 00:12:33.653 His famous loop becomes the basis of all hip hop music. 00:12:33.653 --> 00:12:35.810 And that is the only intellectually honest context 00:12:35.810 --> 00:12:38.361 in which to place hip hop as a culture. 00:12:38.361 --> 00:12:40.371 And that's kind of what I grew up in. 00:12:40.371 --> 00:12:42.414 That's what I was massively influenced by. 00:12:42.414 --> 00:12:46.091 And it became, really... Up until the mid-nineties, it was still normal 00:12:46.091 --> 00:12:50.489 for the most commercially successful rappers to boast about how clever they were. 00:12:50.489 --> 00:12:53.089 To talk about kicking science, dropping knowledge, 00:12:53.089 --> 00:12:55.570 spreading mathematics, while simultaneously 00:12:55.570 --> 00:12:58.944 talking about what life was like in the projects of New York City. 00:12:58.944 --> 00:13:01.694 There was no contradiction between both of those elements, 00:13:01.694 --> 00:13:05.210 and again, it was about who was custodian of the knowledge. 00:13:05.210 --> 00:13:07.262 Who was choosing to pick up that baton and run with it? 00:13:07.262 --> 00:13:10.255 And one of the things that was so inspirational about hip hop 00:13:10.255 --> 00:13:12.620 was that people who were told they were not supposed to do that, 00:13:12.620 --> 00:13:14.393 without trying to be anything they weren't, 00:13:14.393 --> 00:13:16.340 without dressing any different, 00:13:16.340 --> 00:13:18.341 without speaking any differently, 00:13:18.341 --> 00:13:20.139 they decided, they made the decision: 00:13:20.139 --> 00:13:21.890 "We're going to become custodians of this knowledge. 00:13:21.890 --> 00:13:23.181 We're gonna educate ourselves 00:13:23.181 --> 00:13:25.861 and we're gonna transmit this knowledge through the music." 00:13:25.861 --> 00:13:28.391 The main exponents of that in my life, the main influence on me, 00:13:28.391 --> 00:13:30.659 was this group I already told you about, the Wu-Tang Clan. 00:13:30.659 --> 00:13:33.140 When "Wu-Tang Forever" came out, when I was in school, 00:13:33.140 --> 00:13:39.186 it was the first album that united people that listened to all different sorts of music. 00:13:39.186 --> 00:13:43.976 And up to then, hip hop, still, in London, really only appealed to 00:13:43.976 --> 00:13:47.101 a particular segment of the people, in my school, anyway. 00:13:47.101 --> 00:13:48.976 And then "Wu-Tang Forever" came out, 00:13:48.976 --> 00:13:51.419 and all of a sudden, kids who listened to Heavy Metal, 00:13:51.419 --> 00:13:52.740 kids who were into Blur and Oasis, 00:13:52.740 --> 00:13:55.421 everybody was united around this one sort of album. 00:13:55.421 --> 00:13:57.019 And what was it about? 00:13:57.019 --> 00:14:02.221 It was this openly proud, intelligent discourse 00:14:02.221 --> 00:14:04.500 that was so undeniable that really appealed, 00:14:04.500 --> 00:14:06.461 in my opinion, and pulled everybody in. 00:14:06.461 --> 00:14:08.860 And I'm gonna show you an example of a poem, 00:14:08.860 --> 00:14:11.300 well, what I would call a poem, but some people would call it rap, 00:14:11.300 --> 00:14:14.660 by the lead member of this group, a gentleman known as the RZA. 00:14:14.660 --> 00:14:15.819 I spoke about him earlier. 00:14:15.819 --> 00:14:18.261 He actually produced the music for the film "Kill Bill" as well, 00:14:18.261 --> 00:14:20.544 so some people may know him better in that capacity. 00:14:20.544 --> 00:14:22.321 There was a poem he wrote called "Twelve Jewels," 00:14:22.321 --> 00:14:24.419 and this will give you just a sense, as someone, as I said, 00:14:24.419 --> 00:14:26.939 who was one of the most successful MCs of his time, 00:14:26.939 --> 00:14:30.903 how normal it was to be so boastful about one's intellect. 00:14:30.903 --> 00:14:33.072 It's a piece called "Twelve Jewels," you can look it up on the internet. 00:14:33.072 --> 00:14:34.660 I'm only gonna share a little bit. 00:14:34.660 --> 00:14:37.421 It goes like this: 00:14:37.421 --> 00:14:40.419 "In pre-existence of the mathematical, biochemical equations, 00:14:40.419 --> 00:14:43.579 the manifestations of rock, plant, air, fire and water, 00:14:43.579 --> 00:14:46.740 without their basic formations, solids, liquids and gases, 00:14:46.740 --> 00:14:49.861 that cause the land masses and the space catalysts 00:14:49.861 --> 00:14:52.818 and all matter that exists and this dense third dimension 00:14:52.818 --> 00:14:55.085 must observe a physical comprehension. 00:14:55.085 --> 00:14:56.941 It takes a nerve to be struck. 00:14:56.941 --> 00:15:00.260 Wisdom is the wise poet spoken to wake up the dumb who've been sleeping. 00:15:00.260 --> 00:15:03.583 The fourth dimension is time. It goes inside the mind. 00:15:03.583 --> 00:15:06.340 When the shackles energize up through the back of your spine. 00:15:06.340 --> 00:15:09.260 So observe as my Chi energy strikes a vital nerve. 00:15:09.260 --> 00:15:11.750 One swerve with the tongue pierces like a sword through the lung. 00:15:11.750 --> 00:15:14.918 Have you not heard that words kill as fast as bullets? 00:15:14.918 --> 00:15:17.540 When you load negative thoughts from the chamber of your brain, 00:15:17.540 --> 00:15:21.341 and your mouth pulls the trigger that propels wickedness straight from hell. 00:15:21.341 --> 00:15:24.542 From the pits of your stomach where negativity dwells." 00:15:24.542 --> 00:15:27.910 That's just a little piece of the RZA's "Twelve Jewels." 00:15:27.910 --> 00:15:29.625 But it's interesting. 00:15:29.625 --> 00:15:31.909 Because when you understand that kind of lyricism, 00:15:31.909 --> 00:15:35.878 you realize that hip hop carries that same power as with Shakespeare. 00:15:35.878 --> 00:15:38.542 You know, the transmute philosophy, as with any great art, 00:15:38.542 --> 00:15:40.212 to question the world around us. 00:15:40.212 --> 00:15:42.304 And this brings us, really, to the conclusion 00:15:42.304 --> 00:15:45.047 about what the work we do with the Hip Hop Shakespeare Company 00:15:45.047 --> 00:15:47.823 from theater productions to education productions 00:15:47.823 --> 00:15:51.252 to hopefully film and TV, which we're working on at the moment. 00:15:51.252 --> 00:15:52.304 What it's all about 00:15:52.304 --> 00:15:54.951 it's about who is going to be custodian of the knowledge? 00:15:54.951 --> 00:15:58.590 And in the 21st century, particularly moving towards post-industrial societies, 00:15:58.590 --> 00:16:00.495 where we don't need masses of workers, 00:16:00.495 --> 00:16:03.098 we're not training masses of workers to go and work in factories anymore, 00:16:03.098 --> 00:16:04.667 these are big questions. 00:16:04.667 --> 00:16:06.778 What is the purpose of education today? 00:16:06.778 --> 00:16:08.781 What are we teaching young people? 00:16:08.781 --> 00:16:12.103 What are we training the next generation to do and form? 00:16:12.103 --> 00:16:14.583 Are we training each individual human being in a society 00:16:14.583 --> 00:16:17.983 where, increasingly, the success or failure of a society 00:16:17.983 --> 00:16:22.929 is going to be dependent on the mind, or ideas, of the people within that society? 00:16:22.929 --> 00:16:25.862 Are we training people to aspire to be the best they can be? 00:16:25.862 --> 00:16:27.740 To reach their full potential? 00:16:27.740 --> 00:16:29.461 Wherever they're born in that society 00:16:29.461 --> 00:16:33.022 or are we still working in the old, stratified ways of thinking 00:16:33.022 --> 00:16:35.740 that people have stations and places they need to be, 00:16:35.740 --> 00:16:37.824 or are we encouraging people to think as big as possible? 00:16:37.824 --> 00:16:39.541 Because maybe, I don't know who in Shakespeare's life 00:16:39.541 --> 00:16:42.405 encouraged him to become a custodian of the knowledge, 00:16:42.405 --> 00:16:46.049 but if he was not able to do that, we'd be missing his section of work, 00:16:46.049 --> 00:16:47.828 similarly with hip hop. 00:16:47.828 --> 00:16:49.706 So really, that's what we want to think about. 00:16:49.706 --> 00:16:52.569 Education, who does it belong to, who doesn't it belong to. 00:16:52.569 --> 00:16:55.808 And using these seemingly disparate art forms, 00:16:55.808 --> 00:16:57.369 these two seemingly disparate worlds, 00:16:57.369 --> 00:16:58.975 and putting them together, 00:16:58.975 --> 00:17:01.082 to show ourselves a unity in human culture, 00:17:01.082 --> 00:17:05.124 a unity in the ideas that humans pursue, 00:17:05.124 --> 00:17:07.123 in activities humans pursue. 00:17:07.123 --> 00:17:09.485 And to inspire people towards their own form 00:17:09.485 --> 00:17:14.034 of artistic, literary, cultural and societal accents. 00:17:14.034 --> 00:17:16.284 I'm gonna share with you a little bit... one final piece. 00:17:16.284 --> 00:17:18.722 It's a bit more... I don't want to say "fun," 00:17:18.722 --> 00:17:22.723 but a bit more of a game and a challenge. 00:17:22.723 --> 00:17:26.865 It came out of a radio, "Freestyles" on Radio 1 Extra, 00:17:26.865 --> 00:17:29.283 about two and a half, three years ago. 00:17:29.283 --> 00:17:31.884 And as a bit of a joke, the DJ said to me, 00:17:31.884 --> 00:17:33.963 "Here's a list of 27 Shakespeare plays, 00:17:33.963 --> 00:17:35.882 attempt to fit them in a freestyle." 00:17:35.882 --> 00:17:38.884 Luckily, we did it, I don't know how, we had about ten minutes, though, 00:17:38.884 --> 00:17:41.283 so it wasn't a true freestyle in the truest sense, 00:17:41.283 --> 00:17:44.365 but we did it as a track that we then, subsequently, put on the album, 00:17:44.365 --> 00:17:46.804 so the first part contains 27 Shakespeare plays, 00:17:46.804 --> 00:17:48.617 the next parts contains 00:17:48.617 --> 00:17:51.033 16 of Shakespeare's most famous quotes interwoven. 00:17:51.033 --> 00:17:54.081 It's entitled "Comedy, Tragedy, History," 00:17:54.081 --> 00:17:56.328 you can look it up on the web, and it goes like this. 00:17:56.328 --> 00:17:58.724 I'm just gonna do it here, let's see how it goes. 00:17:58.724 --> 00:18:00.286 "Dat boy Akala's a diamond fella. 00:18:00.286 --> 00:18:01.867 All you little boys are a comedy of errors. 00:18:01.867 --> 00:18:03.483 You bellow but you fellows get played like the cello. 00:18:03.483 --> 00:18:05.200 I'm doing my thing, you're jealous like Othello. 00:18:05.200 --> 00:18:08.163 Who're you? What're you gonna do? Little boys get Tamed like the Shrew. 00:18:08.163 --> 00:18:10.003 You're mid-summer dreamin', Your tunes aren't appealing. 00:18:10.003 --> 00:18:12.964 I'm Capulet, you're Montague, I ain't feeling. I am the Julius Caesar, hear me? 00:18:12.964 --> 00:18:16.484 The Merchant Of Venice couldn't sell your CD. As to me, All's Well That Ends Well. 00:18:16.484 --> 00:18:20.043 Your boy's like Macbeth, you're going to Hell. Measure for Measure, I am the best here, 00:18:20.043 --> 00:18:21.923 You're Merry Wives of Windsor, not King Lear. 00:18:21.923 --> 00:18:23.564 I don't know about Timon, I know he was at Athens. 00:18:23.564 --> 00:18:25.365 When I come back like Hamlet you pay for your action. 00:18:25.365 --> 00:18:27.123 Dat boy Akala, I do it As You Like It. 00:18:27.123 --> 00:18:28.724 You're Much Ado About Nothing, All you do is bite it. 00:18:28.724 --> 00:18:31.724 I'm too tight, I don't need 12 Nights. All you little Tempests get murked on the mic. 00:18:31.724 --> 00:18:34.842 Of course I'm the one with the force. You're history just like Henry IV. 00:18:34.842 --> 00:18:38.200 I'm fire, things look dire. Better run like Pericles Prince Of Tyre. 00:18:38.200 --> 00:18:41.784 Off the scale, cold as a Winter's Tale Titus Andronicus was bound to fail." 00:18:41.784 --> 00:18:44.685 That's 27 plays. 00:18:44.685 --> 00:18:50.365 (Laughter) (Applause) Listen up. 00:18:50.365 --> 00:18:54.531 And there is one final bit, this contains 16 of Shakespeare's most famous quotes. 00:18:54.531 --> 00:18:58.003 "Wise is the man that knows he's a fool Tempt not a desperate man with a jewel. 00:18:58.003 --> 00:19:01.124 Why take from Peter to go and pay Paul? Some rise by sin and by virtue fall. 00:19:01.124 --> 00:19:04.449 What have you made if you gain the whole world. But sell your own soul for the price of a pearl? 00:19:04.449 --> 00:19:07.883 The world is my oyster and I am starving. I want much more than a penny or a farthing. 00:19:07.883 --> 00:19:11.045 I told no joke, I hope you're not laughing. Poet or pauper which do you class him? 00:19:11.045 --> 00:19:14.484 Speak eloquent, though I am resident to the gritty inner city, surely irrelevant. 00:19:14.484 --> 00:19:17.846 Call it urban, call it street. A rose by any other name, smell just as sweet 00:19:17.846 --> 00:19:21.004 Spit so hard, but I'm smart as the Bard. Come through with a Union Jack, full of yard. 00:19:21.004 --> 00:19:22.963 Akala, Akala, wherefore art thou? 00:19:22.963 --> 00:19:24.805 [I rap] Shakespeare and the secret's out now. 00:19:24.805 --> 00:19:27.950 Chance never did crown me, this is destiny. You still talk but it still perplexes me. 00:19:27.950 --> 00:19:31.534 Devour cowards, thousands per hour. Don't you know the king's name is a tower? 00:19:31.534 --> 00:19:34.724 You should never speak it, it is not a secret. I teach thesis, like ancient Greece's 00:19:34.724 --> 00:19:38.123 Or Egyptology, never no apology. In my mind's eye, I see things properly. 00:19:38.123 --> 00:19:41.484 Stopping me, nah you could never possibly. I bear a charmed life, most probably. 00:19:41.484 --> 00:19:44.884 For certain I speak daggers in a phrase. I'll put an end to your dancing days. 00:19:44.884 --> 00:19:48.366 No matter what you say it will never work. Wrens can't make prey where eagles don't perch. 00:19:48.366 --> 00:19:50.322 I'm the worst with the words 'cause I curse all my verbs. 00:19:50.322 --> 00:19:51.950 I'm the first with a verse to rehearse with a nurse. 00:19:51.950 --> 00:19:54.843 There's a hearse for the first jerk who turn berserk. Off with his head, 'cos it must not work. 00:19:54.843 --> 00:19:58.323 Ramp with Akala, that's true madness. And there's no method in it, just sadness. 00:19:58.323 --> 00:20:00.963 I speak with the daggers and the hammers of a passion when I'm rappin' I attack 'em. 00:20:00.963 --> 00:20:03.199 In a military fashion the pattern of my rappin' chattin couldn't ever map it. 00:20:03.199 --> 00:20:08.430 And I run more rings round things than Saturn. Verses split big kids wigs when I'm rappin'. 00:20:08.430 --> 00:20:11.243 That boy Akala, the rap Shakespeare. Didn't want to listen, when I said last year. 00:20:11.243 --> 00:20:15.484 Rich like a gem in a Ethiopia's ear. Tell them again for them who never hear." 00:20:15.484 --> 00:20:17.003 It's a pleasure. 00:20:17.003 --> 00:20:21.003 (Applause)