[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.96,0:00:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Paul Levinson: So, how are you doing?\N(Audience) Good!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.58,0:00:19.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PL: That was a a nice introduction.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.46,0:00:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm trying to decide should I talk\Nabout science fiction, time travel,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.54,0:00:26.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the First Amendment,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.01,0:00:29.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I'll stick\Nto what I'm supposed to talk about
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.39,0:00:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is I think one\Nof the most revolutionary developments
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.64,0:00:36.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our history as a species.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.96,0:00:39.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I'm talking about is a development
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.56,0:00:44.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which for the first time\Nhas put the power
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.10,0:00:48.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only to communicate to one another\Nwhich we've always had
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.33,0:00:52.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the power to communicate\Nto the world at large
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.69,0:00:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in everyone's hands
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.56,0:00:59.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not only through the written word
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.20,0:01:05.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but through speech\Nand audiovisual content.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.04,0:01:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is a major path-breaking development
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.08,0:01:14.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and let me just start by giving you\Na couple of examples,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.82,0:01:18.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we'll trace\Na little bit of the history of that
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.78,0:01:21.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to put it into a proper context.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.19,0:01:23.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm sure most of you know
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.80,0:01:30.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Barack Obama won\Nhis reelection campaign a few months ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.53,0:01:34.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm sure most of you also know,\Nif you follow the news at all,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.38,0:01:39.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that one of the key factors\Nin Obama's victory
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.67,0:01:43.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was Mitt Romney's statement
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.56,0:01:48.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that 47% the American population
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.19,0:01:54.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were not of interest to him,\Nhis supporters, and the Republican Party.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.38,0:01:57.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a very contemptuous way, Romney said
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.52,0:02:03.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,47% of Americans are only\Ninterested in a handout;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.21,0:02:07.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're never going\Nto get their vote anyway.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.12,0:02:11.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was actually a statement
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.15,0:02:15.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a political candidate\Nmight well have made
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.69,0:02:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to his or her rich supporters,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.27,0:02:24.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in fact, that is indeed\Nthe physical premise
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.42,0:02:27.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where Romney made that statement.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.35,0:02:30.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as I'm sure most of you also know,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.88,0:02:36.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was not just those people\Nat that fundraising event
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.45,0:02:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who heard and saw\NRomney make that statement.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.48,0:02:47.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, eventually, most Americans\Nsaw that statement.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.04,0:02:48.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why was that?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.52,0:02:53.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A bartender had brought in\Na little video camera
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.59,0:02:58.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not much bigger at all\Nthan a typical smartphone,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.17,0:03:02.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had put it on the bar,\Nhad pointed it to Romney,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.90,0:03:09.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had turned on the recording\Nand just let the video recording run
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.28,0:03:11.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while Romney made that statement.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.38,0:03:16.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could talk about\Nthe ethics of doing that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.24,0:03:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it ethical to record someone
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.28,0:03:21.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they don't know\Nthey're being recorded?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.18,0:03:23.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think those are\Nvery interesting issues there;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.81,0:03:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think by and large,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.26,0:03:28.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not particularly the height of ethics
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.05,0:03:31.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to record someone when they don't know\Nthey're being recorded,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.77,0:03:33.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but as in most things in life,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.46,0:03:36.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes we have a collision
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.42,0:03:40.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of ethical problems and ethical concerns.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.20,0:03:45.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, against that questionable practice
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.75,0:03:49.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of recording someone\Nwithout his or her knowledge,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.05,0:03:52.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have the other important point
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.66,0:03:57.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that don't the American people\Ndeserve to know
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.05,0:04:01.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who they are voting for?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.06,0:04:03.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think of those two issues
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.79,0:04:06.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the greater good resides with
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.58,0:04:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the American people knowing\Na little bit more about the candidates.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.94,0:04:14.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a matter of fact,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.55,0:04:19.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what happened was this very hour\Nof Romney making those remarks
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.97,0:04:24.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was not only recorded\Non this little video camera
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.64,0:04:31.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was put up on YouTube, and it was\Neventually picked up by the mass media.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.76,0:04:35.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, although the actual recording\Ntook place in May,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.27,0:04:40.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it wasn't until September\Nthat everyone began talking about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.08,0:04:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the words\Nin my talk is transmedia.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.05,0:04:48.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's important to recognize
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.30,0:04:52.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that social media, in and of themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.37,0:04:57.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't have the power all the time\Nto get information out to the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.55,0:05:03.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, what you often need\Nare the traditional mass media
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.24,0:05:07.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to come into the system
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.42,0:05:11.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and amplify the message
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.26,0:05:14.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the social medium has created
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.78,0:05:17.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and put up to the world\Nin the first place.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.99,0:05:22.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's a key component\Nof this revolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.05,0:05:26.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's transmedia,\Nmeaning it rarely operates
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.65,0:05:33.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just from one medium\Ngoing to other media
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.36,0:05:39.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or just one medium going\Nto other inconsequential media;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.48,0:05:40.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather, it operates
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.92,0:05:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by going from one medium\Nto other media
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.52,0:05:50.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then hitting the jackpot\Nof the more consequential mass media
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.23,0:05:54.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which still have an enormous\Namount of power in our society.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.48,0:06:01.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Often, we hear people talking\Nabout television versus the Internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.38,0:06:05.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cable television versus YouTube,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.96,0:06:09.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the newspaper versus Twitter
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.58,0:06:11.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a source of news.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.25,0:06:13.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact that's not, I think,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.61,0:06:19.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the most accurate way to look\Nat this current media environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.14,0:06:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because what you find on Twitter\Nare links to news reporting
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.72,0:06:29.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the New York Times, in newspapers,\Non television, and so forth.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.23,0:06:33.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Conversely what you find\Nin the New York Times,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.09,0:06:37.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and on conventional,\Ntraditional news broadcasts
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.41,0:06:43.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are clips from YouTube\Nand various events
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.37,0:06:47.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that otherwise you would not see\Ncovered in the mass media.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.22,0:06:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So to use a fancy word,\Nthis is a synergistic
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.76,0:06:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- or another phrase -
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.60,0:06:59.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mutually catalytic development
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.11,0:07:04.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which the social media contribute,\Nand the mass media contribute.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.97,0:07:10.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a transnational\Naspect to this as well,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.24,0:07:14.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and obviously, whoever is elected\NPresident of the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.07,0:07:15.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is by definition --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.89,0:07:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that event by definition is something\Nthat has international import.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.80,0:07:25.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in fact Romney's 47% remark
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.78,0:07:30.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was not only seen by Americans\Nwho voted in the election,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.11,0:07:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but was seen by people\Nall over the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.73,0:07:38.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marshall McLuhan, back in 1962,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.21,0:07:42.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,observed that new electronic media
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.22,0:07:46.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were turning the world\Ninto a global village,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.68,0:07:51.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm sure many of you have\Nheard that term "global village,"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.12,0:07:55.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but back in 1962,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.29,0:07:58.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the environment was really
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.86,0:08:02.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,neither global nor a village,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.88,0:08:05.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because back in 1962
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.92,0:08:09.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what got McLuhan to make\Nthat point in the first place,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.65,0:08:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what you had were national audiences\Nwatching television programs
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.80,0:08:18.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was no international\Ncommunication really.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.71,0:08:25.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first international satellite Telstar\Nwas launched in that period of time,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.34,0:08:30.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it didn't really have any programming\Nthat was conveying to the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.30,0:08:35.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it was not yet global\Nnor was it a village,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.69,0:08:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because in a normal village
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.52,0:08:42.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the citizens of that village\Ncan talk to one another
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.71,0:08:46.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- just like you can talk to each other -
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.29,0:08:50.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and can move a conversation along,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.22,0:08:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can question information\Nnot just receive information.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.70,0:08:58.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On traditional television,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.07,0:09:03.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is a one-way communication
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.27,0:09:06.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which we are receivers of information,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.46,0:09:11.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we have no way to really question\Nor even comment upon the information.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.17,0:09:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All that changes\Nwhen we get into social media.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.25,0:09:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you look at videos on YouTube,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.70,0:09:23.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of them have thousands of comments,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.33,0:09:28.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I always think, when I see that,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.59,0:09:33.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that, "Ah, here is democracy at work,"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.08,0:09:36.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because here in these comments,\Nyou see people
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.60,0:09:41.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only receiving news\Nbut sending back information,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.35,0:09:43.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sending back commentary.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.70,0:09:48.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the global village that McLuhan\Ntalked about in 1962
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.39,0:09:54.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was really a metaphor back then\Nor a sign pointing to the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.71,0:09:59.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I often like to say that McLuhan\Nwas not writing about his time,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.68,0:10:02.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was writing about our time:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.01,0:10:07.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not because he was clairvoyant,\Nbut because he understood
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.54,0:10:11.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with such depth how human beings\Nwanted to communicate
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.97,0:10:16.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he realized we would be\Nmoving in a direction
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.05,0:10:19.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which we did have a village.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.92,0:10:23.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, Romney's remarks were indeed
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.03,0:10:27.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,truly seen by a global audience.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.75,0:10:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me just give you another example,\Na very different example.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.21,0:10:37.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Occupy Wall Street --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.36,0:10:41.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was a a global movement
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.73,0:10:46.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that coincided to some extent\Nwith the Arab Spring
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.11,0:10:49.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and let me tell you\Nabout one person in particular
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.73,0:10:52.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who in my view did one of the best jobs
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.57,0:10:58.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reporting what was happening\Nin Occupy Wall Street.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.60,0:11:02.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're talking about\Nsomething that happened
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.01,0:11:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a year or two ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.26,0:11:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was teaching a class
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.14,0:11:13.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at Fordham University in the Fall of 2011
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.66,0:11:17.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when Occupy Wall Street was going\Nstrong in New York City,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.22,0:11:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around the country, around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.37,0:11:23.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went back to my office,\Nand I looked at my email.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.91,0:11:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And right before I was about to sign off\Nand shut down my computer and drive home,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.25,0:11:33.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I looked one more time at my Twitter.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.12,0:11:37.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw her just a little tweet which said
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.42,0:11:43.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tim Pool giving live coverage
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.28,0:11:48.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to an Occupy Wall Street protest\Nthat was going on at Baruch College.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.67,0:11:53.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Baruch College, if you don't know, is part\Nof the City University of New York System
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.33,0:11:59.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,down in the a East Twenties in Manhattan.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.21,0:12:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I clicked on the link on YouTube\Nand pretty quickly I was brought to a page
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.05,0:12:12.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there was live streaming coverage,\Nliterally, of that demonstration.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.16,0:12:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I was able to see that in real time.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.12,0:12:20.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would be hours before\Nany of the mass media picked that up.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.97,0:12:23.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, as was the case with YouTube,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.95,0:12:27.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were people who were commenting\Non what they were seeing:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.53,0:12:33.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,literally, the police moving in, pushing\Ndemonstrators out of the way,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.09,0:12:38.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in my view, illegally, because it was\Nviolating their First Amendment rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.58,0:12:41.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But all that was actually shown
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.60,0:12:45.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in real time through Tim Pool's reporting.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.04,0:12:52.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was seen internationally, literally\Nin real time, through his reporting.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.28,0:12:55.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by the way Tim Pool\Ncontinued to do that,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.77,0:13:01.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he had a New Year's Eve live feed
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.60,0:13:05.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of another series\Nof Occupy Wall Street events.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.37,0:13:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It shows you\Nwhat a great party person I am.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.36,0:13:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's amazing my wife puts up with me,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.42,0:13:16.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's what I was doing at least\Nfor an hour or two on New Year's Eve,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.75,0:13:20.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking at Tim Pool's live coverage.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.24,0:13:22.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that's extremely significant,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.11,0:13:25.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by the way,\Nit has legal import as well,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.48,0:13:31.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the New York City police\Narrested many people
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.44,0:13:35.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they said\Nwere violating this or that law.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.24,0:13:40.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In most cases, on no evidence,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.16,0:13:43.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in one case, I was very happy to see,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.34,0:13:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the case was thrown out of court,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.52,0:13:51.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the person who had been arrested\Nby the NYPD was found not guilty
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.78,0:13:58.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the reason was Tim Pool\Nhad been there with his little phone
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.64,0:14:00.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- he just uses a smartphone
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.50,0:14:04.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hooked up to an internet connection\Nto report what happened
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.18,0:14:07.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at another event in which someone\Nhad been arrested
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.73,0:14:13.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for breaking through a police line\Nwhich in fact never happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.16,0:14:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this has profound\Nlegal consequences as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.37,0:14:22.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let me put\Nsome of this in historical context,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.82,0:14:26.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and end with a little trip\Nthrough history,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.21,0:14:29.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just so you have an idea of why I think
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.86,0:14:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is such a path-breaking development
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.56,0:14:36.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our communication history.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.15,0:14:41.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once upon a time, a long long time ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.22,0:14:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're talking about thousands\Nand thousands and thousands of years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.10,0:14:48.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the only way\Nwe communicated was by talking,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.61,0:14:51.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in that environment\Nas limited as it was,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.64,0:14:55.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you couldn't communicate\Nbeyond your physical surroundings,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.33,0:14:58.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anybody could talk,\Nand anyone could respond.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.96,0:15:03.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, we moved\Ninto a written environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.57,0:15:09.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which the information\Nwas saved, preserved
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.23,0:15:14.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in scrolls, in parchment,\Npapyrus, and eventually paper;
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.26,0:15:18.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was the same thing:\Nanyone could write, anyone could read,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.34,0:15:20.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but very limited distribution.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.89,0:15:24.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the Renaissance, in the 1450s,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.98,0:15:28.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gutenberg, as we all know,\Nintroduced the printing press.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.05,0:15:31.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Suddenly, millions and millions\Nof people could read
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.30,0:15:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what anyone had written.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.44,0:15:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now, a problem was introduced:
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.10,0:15:43.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was to decide who would do\Nthat dissemination?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.78,0:15:47.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An editor or a publisher had to decide.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.11,0:15:51.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, what was set up\Nwas this profound asymmetry
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.49,0:15:57.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of who knows how many ideas,\Nhow many written works were out there,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.29,0:15:59.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could have been out there?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.48,0:16:03.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But only a small fraction of them\Never made it into print.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.53,0:16:06.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 20th century,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.51,0:16:10.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we had the introduction\Nof electronic broadcasting media:
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.51,0:16:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this improved greatly the dissemination.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.76,0:16:18.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Millions of people could hear the news,\Nsee the news instantly.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.25,0:16:19.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Extraordinary!
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.94,0:16:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But once again, who decided\Nwhat would be in that news?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.28,0:16:29.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The answer was again: a producer,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.03,0:16:33.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a television production crew, an editor.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.65,0:16:38.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And who knows how many stories\Nwere left uncovered?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.42,0:16:45.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was not until the Internet\Nthat this began to change.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.18,0:16:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There actually was one little important\Ndevelopment before the Internet:
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.62,0:16:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the rise of photocopying.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.62,0:16:55.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,McLuhan again said the Xerox turns\Nevery author into a publisher.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.85,0:16:59.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unfortunately, Xerox manuscripts\Ndon't look like books,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.100,0:17:02.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but again McLuhan was onto something
Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.82,0:17:07.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you didn't need anyone's\Npermission to Xerox your manuscript.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.36,0:17:10.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that is really small potatoes,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:10.49,0:17:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compared to the power\Nthat's now in all of your hands;
Dialogue: 0,0:17:14.40,0:17:17.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each and every one of you,\Nyou have an idea,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.36,0:17:21.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have an opinion about something,\Nyou see something that's happening,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.15,0:17:24.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't need anyone's permission,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.93,0:17:29.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can upload it to your YouTube channel,\Nyou can put it on your blog,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:29.39,0:17:33.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you, like this bartender in Florida
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.67,0:17:37.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who reported Mitt Romney's 47% comment,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.93,0:17:41.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can change the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.73,0:17:43.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.03,0:17:44.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)