[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.07,0:00:08.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we're moving on to books nine through\Ntwelve of The Odyssey.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.01,0:00:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the best parts of The Odyssey\Nexist in this arc of the story.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.20,0:00:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of the things that you'll remember\Nabout the cyclops, the sirens, all these
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.00,0:00:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,famous episodes get stuck into Odysseus\Nrecounting his own tales.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.20,0:00:26.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recall what's happened, we've been on this\Nisland of Scheria for some books so
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.85,0:00:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Odysseus has slowly carefully pieced\Nhimself together.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.23,0:00:34.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's got his strength back.\NHe's figured out a way to work himself
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.05,0:00:38.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back into human society but his identity\Nis still a riddle.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.03,0:00:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His host don't know who he is.\NAnd only after they've given him
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.10,0:00:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,overwhelming hospitality do they even\Nbother, or, they, do they even presume to
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.08,0:00:49.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ask his name.\NAnd now starting off in book nine,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.06,0:00:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Odysseus is going to start to fill in what\Nthat ident, identity's all about.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.08,0:00:58.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember at the close of eight, the direct\Nquestion for him that came from the king,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.09,0:01:00.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alcinous.\NNow, tell us who you are?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.09,0:01:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in trying to figure out that question\Nof identity there were several points
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.00,0:01:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that, Alcinous made salient.\NYour name, your lineage and where are you
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.04,0:01:13.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from?\NWhat is your name or your parents and what
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.09,0:01:17.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,place are you from?\NOdysseus goes ahead and answers those
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.07,0:01:22.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right at the beginning above nine sets out\Nhis own identity straight forwardly for
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.35,0:01:26.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his audience.\NBut then he carries on to fill up the last
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.10,0:01:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,piece, this is going to be his past.\NWhat great things have you done?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.04,0:01:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh yes, yes, we need to know those, in\Norder to figure out who it is that you
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.04,0:01:39.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are.\NSo a great Greek heroes identity is gonna
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.07,0:01:44.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be, yes, name, lineage, whether from, and\Nalso, a grand and glorious set of
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.05,0:01:49.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,adventures in their past, what they've\Ndone magnificent things that they've
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.07,0:01:53.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,engage in.\NOdysseus now when he identified himself is
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.04,0:01:56.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also taking over the role of the bard in\Nthe story.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.17,0:01:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's going to become the singer of the\Ntale.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.78,0:02:05.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like Homer hands things over to him\Nand says go ahead Odysseus now you can to
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.16,0:02:09.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have the reins for a while.\NAnd then here's Odysseus basically in you
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.34,0:02:14.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,know, perfect dactylic hexameter just like\Na real poet, performing for us his own
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.44,0:02:17.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,identity.\NHe gets to take over the story now form
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.73,0:02:20.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nine through twelve with a short breather\Nin book eleven.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.84,0:02:26.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now in the parts that we're going to turn\Nto in the coming books keep an eye on
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.26,0:02:31.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this, certain overall structure.\NThey're are a lot of episodes that come
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.16,0:02:36.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fast and furious, and lots of details,\Nlots of adventure to come up, but there is
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.48,0:02:41.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a way that you can organize your reading\Nof it such that you can allocate interest
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.16,0:02:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to what the episodes that are most\Nimportant.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.19,0:02:50.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They tend to come in threes in book nine,\Nwe have a group of three, the adventure
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.75,0:02:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the Ciconians, then the Lotus Eaters,\Nthen the Cyclops.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.08,0:03:00.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In book ten, we have another three,\NIlyste, the Lystrigonians and Cerces, then
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.30,0:03:03.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in book eleven a long journey into the\Nunderworld.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.77,0:03:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And book twelve another group of three.\NThe Sirens, Scylla, and Charybdis, and the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.14,0:03:11.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cattle of the son.\NYou can see our friends the sirens here.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.58,0:03:14.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Careful.\NWatch out if you start to hear their song.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.48,0:03:18.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's going to entice you in.\NSo we have in each of these groupings, two
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.91,0:03:23.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,short ones and a long one, that first\Ngroup of three in book nine, the Caconians
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.32,0:03:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Lotaseaters are both actually very\Nshort then the Cyclops is much longer and
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.04,0:03:32.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,takes up nearly half the book.\NIn group two we have Ealis the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.90,0:03:36.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lystergonians, those are the two short\Nepisodes, and then Zyrosy, which is the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.98,0:03:40.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much longer episode, the more substantial\Nepisode in book ten.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.51,0:03:45.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Book eleven, longer digression in the\Nunderworld, same cavings takes over again
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.50,0:03:49.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in book twelve, short, short, long Siren,\NSillan and Karyptos, and the cattle of the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.85,0:03:52.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sun.\NWatch for several important themes.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.04,0:03:56.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm just going to point out to a couple,\Nthere are more that you're going to
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.40,0:04:00.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,identify yourself in your own reading look\Nfor the idea of temptation.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.59,0:04:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are pleasures awaiting you, but\Nthose pleasures sometimes have a price
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.04,0:04:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,associated with them.\NAlso, curiosity goes together with
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.06,0:04:12.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,temptation to be tempted to grab something\Nalso is married in this set of stories
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.61,0:04:15.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the idea of curiosity and gaining\Nknowledge.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.08,0:04:20.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Odysseus push and drive is always a sense\Nof my goodness, what is that over there?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.07,0:04:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It could be something amazing, and I've\Ngot to spend some time trying to get to
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.00,0:04:27.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,know it.\NAlso, look out for Xanea, this idea of
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.08,0:04:33.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,treating a guest in a proper way shows up\Nin our stories, oftentimes in a perverted
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.01,0:04:37.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sense, we get examples of how not do\NXanea, how not to treat your guest.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.05,0:04:42.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Watch out for food crimes of all kinds.\NThere are things floating around in these
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.09,0:04:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stories, that are being treated like their\Nfood, but really shouldn't be eaten and
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.02,0:04:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you see those keep an eye out keep an\Neye out for them.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.10,0:04:56.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lots of shape shifting going to be going\Non, humans are going to be taking the
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.09,0:05:01.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shapes of animals and strange creatures\Nare going to show up that are kind of
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.49,0:05:05.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,human but not quite.\NNow, throughout this journey Odysseus is
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.03,0:05:10.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,constantly trying to find out new things.\NMost of what happens in his exploration is
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.07,0:05:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually specifically keyed as a search\Nfor knowledge.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.00,0:05:19.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He gets down to the underworld oh sorry,\Nhe gets, when he gets over to Searcy, its,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.01,0:05:24.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,its clue, he's, he's clued into the idea\Nthat says that actually what you should be
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.02,0:05:28.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doing is finding out an important secret.\NThere's a reason why all these terrible
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.73,0:05:34.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things are happening to you while these\Nwonderful adventures, that you're having
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.36,0:05:38.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and explorations that you're having, are\Nbeing forced upon you because of
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.28,0:05:41.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something.\NGo to the Underworld to find out.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.07,0:05:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a specific search for knowledge,\Nthat's anchored from Circe forward.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.06,0:05:51.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But really all of the episodes have built\Ninto them this kind of temptation toward
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.76,0:05:55.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some unknown thing curiosity pulling the\Nway.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.05,0:06:00.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not least behind us we see are sirens.\NThey have this amazing, marvelous song
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.32,0:06:04.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's going to bring Odysseus to new\Ndepths of understanding as we'll see.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.78,0:06:09.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In order to get yourself a fuller sense of\Nwhat these episodes are all about take
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.65,0:06:14.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some time to link them into your memory.\NGet the groups of three straight.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.86,0:06:20.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's going to be a quiz that pops up on\Nthe next slide run through that quickly to
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.30,0:06:25.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make sure you've got each of the episodes\Nstraight in, in your own mind and then
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.34,0:06:27.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll carry on with the rest of this\Nlecture.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.80,0:06:32.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During Odysseus's ventures the further out\Nwe go the stranger things get.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.25,0:06:37.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Near the beginning we have some adventures\Nthat seemed pretty much like standard hero
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.69,0:06:40.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stuff.\NHe lands on the, the shores meets the
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.48,0:06:43.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kikonians.\NThey clobbered them, grabbed their
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.25,0:06:47.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,treasure and leave standard kind of a hero\Npillaging behavior.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.16,0:06:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then we get to Lotus eaters, they seem\Nroughly like normal people, we can
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.30,0:06:56.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,converse with them there's some social\Ninteractions back and forth but they do
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.57,0:07:01.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have the strange fixation on a certain\Nkind of food they like to eat the lowes
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.58,0:07:04.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaves.\NStrange not sure what's so wonderful about
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.75,0:07:07.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,them.\NThey make them feel marvelous.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.10,0:07:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There must be some kind of pharmacological\Neffect.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.56,0:07:15.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Odysseus as man quite loved this.\NAnd Odysseus realizes uh-uh, we've got to
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.54,0:07:20.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,go no sense in anchoring ourselves here.\NFor a hero you don't want to hang around
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.46,0:07:23.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and relax.\NYou know, early retirement so you can play
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.80,0:07:27.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,golf is not the kind of thing a hero wants\Nto do.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.18,0:07:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then we get to the cyclops.\NWith the cyclops, things get very strange.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.08,0:07:36.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are definitely in the world of\Nstrangeness when we arrive there.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.19,0:07:40.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The approach that Odysseus makes to the\Ncyclops is typical of a kind of approaches
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.75,0:07:44.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're going to see in these episodes.\NThe shore the, the ship will land on
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.84,0:07:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shore, a party of men gets out.\NThey scout the horizon, look for places to
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.08,0:07:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,go.\NSee signs of life.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.00,0:07:56.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There might be smoke off in the off in the\Nfar reaches, there might be a spring that
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.15,0:08:00.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they want to go to, a food source\Nsomewhere and they start to explore.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.01,0:08:03.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When they do, they make their way up a\Npath, maybe up a hillside.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.07,0:08:06.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A rocky place, a wooded place.\NAnd they get to.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.05,0:08:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something that's wondrous, and something\Nthat's marvelous.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.08,0:08:14.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this case, something that's\Nmarvelously, marvelously strange and
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.13,0:08:19.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,frightening.\NThey arrive at the area of the Cyclops.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.22,0:08:25.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Looking around to see what they might find\Nand what they mostly find on their way in
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.62,0:08:32.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to this strange clumping of, of, of\Nanimals, a clumping of creatures is that
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.21,0:08:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a lot of things that they're just\Nmissing.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.46,0:08:38.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're not quite like you and I, these\NCyclopses.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.84,0:08:43.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're lacking cultivation.\NThey're, they don't know anything about
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.51,0:08:46.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,farming.\NSo they don't have the tools and resources
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.85,0:08:51.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to subsist on a grain-based diet.\NThey don't have that settled farming
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.40,0:08:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technology.\NThey don't have then also the kind of
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.10,0:08:58.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,supplement in their diet that grain would\Ngive them.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.53,0:09:03.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A stable bread that they might have to,\Nto, to eat and to provide them with
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.42,0:09:06.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nutrition.\NThey're going to have to get their
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.23,0:09:08.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nutrition from somewhere else.\NWatch out.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.88,0:09:13.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't have councils.\NThe Cyclopses don't get together to solve
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.03,0:09:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,problems, they don't work together to get\Nthings done, they don't form alliances.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.08,0:09:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also don't have homes, they just live\Nin these caves, completely rustic.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.01,0:09:26.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're lacking each marker of\Ncivilization most prominent among these or
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.18,0:09:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at least something that we could really\Nremark on, is the fact that they don't
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.50,0:09:34.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have ships.\NThese Cyclopses don't know how to build
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.03,0:09:38.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ships, and since they don't, they're not\Ngoing to have contact with the outside
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.66,0:09:43.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,world, they're not going to meet lots of\Npeople that are different from them which
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.38,0:09:48.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for us, great Greek heroes that we are the\Ntraders across the Mediterranean sea.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.40,0:09:50.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a sign of great lack of\Ncivilization.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.82,0:09:55.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not to be in contact with, network with,\Npeople that are not like you.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.27,0:09:59.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's very strange, that the Cyclopses\Ndon't have that.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.35,0:10:05.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In their in their cultural purview, they\Nalso lack and this importantly comes out
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.12,0:10:08.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Polyphemus, they entirely lack the\Nidea of Xenia.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.82,0:10:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember our statement about hospitality\Nand how important it is we see it coursing
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.76,0:10:18.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through really most of the books of the\NOdyssey it surely shows up in a negative
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.73,0:10:23.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,way in these episodes we see people not\Nperforming the proper kind of Xenia or
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.08,0:10:26.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hospitality.\NThe Cyclopses are really most prominent
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.07,0:10:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,example of this.\NThey don't understand the basic guest host
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.02,0:10:33.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,relationship.\NCyclops, the Polyphemus doesn't realize
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.05,0:10:38.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he's supposed to be providing a gift\Nto the people that arrive in his house.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.18,0:10:41.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He doesn't know how to do it.\NHe, he's not generous.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.02,0:10:45.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He doesn't provide Odysseus and his men\Nwith the kind of overwhelming hospitality
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.09,0:10:50.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a real good host is supposed to do.\NYou might think that Odysseus and his men
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.07,0:10:54.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are a bit rude cuz they just keep you\Nknow, rummaging around on their own,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.09,0:10:59.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking for it and asking for it.\NRight in the Cyclops' face they ask for a
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.01,0:11:03.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gift that might seem a little bit forward\Nor a little bit presumptuousness but
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.09,0:11:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually Homer doesn't seem to bat an eye\Nabout it and the reason that he doesn't is
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.08,0:11:13.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he thinks presumably that oh, this\Nis a great hero, of course, he should be
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.21,0:11:16.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting some gift giving, but of course he\Ngets none.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.23,0:11:19.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The gifts in the episode show up in\Ninteresting ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.26,0:11:24.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Odysseus is repeatedly asking for one when\Nhe arrives there, hey where's my gift, I'm
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.09,0:11:29.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a guest in your house, where is my gift?\NCyclops doesn't provide it, then also
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.05,0:11:33.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's that wine that Odysseus brings\Nfrom this ship as their making their way
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.86,0:11:38.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the center of the island to look for\Nthis civilization.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.02,0:11:41.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they grab that and take that with\Nthem.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.34,0:11:46.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Odysseus recalls it as a gift that he got\Nhimself, a guest gift that he got himself
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.53,0:11:50.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a hero called Maron.\NOdysseus had saved his family as heroes
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.72,0:11:55.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might do sometimes Maron then gave him the\Ngift of the wine.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.05,0:12:00.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Odysseus is now going to use this.\NLater on in the episode it becomes his
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.01,0:12:04.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perverted gift to Cyclops.\NHe says, here, why don't you have some of
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.03,0:12:07.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this wine?\NWhat it's going to do is not make the
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.03,0:12:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cyclops enjoy wine, such as people do\Nunder normal circumstances, is going to
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.00,0:12:19.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,utterly debilitate him so that Odysseus\Nand his mates can do some awful things and
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.02,0:12:25.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,poke out the one eye the poor cyclops has.\NI keep saying poor cyclops, I'm not sure
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.03,0:12:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why I feel sorry for him.\NI do, a little bit anyway.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.19,0:12:34.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But so, they just drill this awful heated\Nopposed into the Cyclops's eye.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.02,0:12:40.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The thing is now blinded and utterly named\Nhaving failed to give gifts to Odysseys
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.68,0:12:46.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,men he gets the nasty one in return.\NNow, the gift giving and the laws of Xenia
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.78,0:12:53.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are consistently violently in the scene\Nwere they violated at their worst, is when
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.19,0:12:58.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Cyclops decides not to serve food to\NOdysseus's men but instead to use
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.58,0:13:03.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Odysseus's men as his own food.\NHe grabs two of Odysseus's compatriots
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.50,0:13:07.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right, when he sees them.\NSmashes their head against the ground and
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.82,0:13:10.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eats their brains.\NThis is very bad manners.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.58,0:13:15.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're not supposed to do this kind of\Nthing, instead a good host is supposed to
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.05,0:13:20.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,feed his guest not feed on his guests.\NThe cyclops goes ahead and does that.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.02,0:13:25.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The worst perversion of all that one can\Nimagine for the rules of Xenia.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.07,0:13:31.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not only that the cyclops is ignoring\Nthe rules of Xenia, it's that the cyclops
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.10,0:13:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is actually perverting them.\NTurning them inside out in awful, awful
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.00,0:13:40.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ways.\NThis brings us to universal law number
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.03,0:13:44.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,three, universal law number three, pretty\Nmuch held true across all of human
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.54,0:13:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,society.\NAll my universal law are like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.80,0:13:50.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Universal law number three is, it's not\Ngood to be food.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.52,0:13:56.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is not good to be food.\NHuman beings do not like the idea of
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.16,0:14:03.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,becoming food for other creatures.\NIt is a source of revulsion to us.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.03,0:14:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's so awful that it causes us to have an\Nawful kind of disgust response.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.02,0:14:12.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ugh.\NIt's not just terrifying or frightening,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.02,0:14:17.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's actually utterly disgusting.\NThe violence that's involved in killing
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.03,0:14:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,someone is here gone a further step as a\Nripped up human being is now chewed on,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.04,0:14:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,swallowed and metabolized.\NThe full annihilation that comes through
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.20,0:14:34.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,metabolism seems to be worth at the core\Nof just how awful it is to image a human
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.01,0:14:38.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being becoming food.\NThen there's also the problem that reminds
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.08,0:14:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,us that whatever living things that are\Nout there in the world survive.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.00,0:14:47.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's true.\NBy eating other living things.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.22,0:14:52.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a sad thing about organic, the\Norganic world but is indeed nearly
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.03,0:14:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,universally true that living things\Nsurvive by eating other living things.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.25,0:15:03.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you and I start to think of ourselves\Nas food we place ourselves in this very
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.01,0:15:08.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,broad spectrum of all of living things out\Nthere who are part of a food chain.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.22,0:15:13.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that there's a part of us that\Nlikes to think of ourselves as much more
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.09,0:15:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,special than that and not just as a member\Nin a food chain.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.30,0:15:23.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It makes us it's awful for us to think of\Nourselves as belonging to that part of
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.01,0:15:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what it is to be inside, of, to be a\Nliving organism as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.04,0:15:33.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, to make his way out of this\Nparticular problem, Odysseus has this
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.46,0:15:39.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,amazingly clever idea of debilitating the\NCyclops rather than killing him.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.15,0:15:44.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Killing the Cyclops they'd be stuck in the\Ncave in the cave so he debilitates and
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.97,0:15:49.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this then gives Odysseus a means to get\Nout of the cave.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.43,0:15:55.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Straps himself to the bottom of the ram\Nand has his mates strapped to the bottom
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.05,0:16:01.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the other animals in the flock and they\Nescape out the open door underneath these
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.59,0:16:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,animals when Cyclops tries to check the\Nanimals to make sure nothing funny's going
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.37,0:16:10.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on about Odysseus and his men get through\Nand get out.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.76,0:16:15.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not before Odysseus in a further sense of\Ncleverness introduces another of the
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.91,0:16:20.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,famous tricks in this episode when he is\Ntormenting the Cyclops.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.80,0:16:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cyclops is asking his name.\NOdysseus says my name is No Man.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.26,0:16:32.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this the Polyphemus being sure that\Nthe person that is having all this doing
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.07,0:16:36.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all this mischief in his own cave is\Nnamed, No Man.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.01,0:16:41.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When his neighbors come over to ask him\Nwhat's wrong, Polyphemus he says to his
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.63,0:16:47.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fellows Cyclopses, "Well I'm, No Man is\Nharming me, No Man is harming me," at
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.03,0:16:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which point.\NThe fellow's not to bright.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.62,0:16:53.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So yah, okay well one's harming you we'll\Njust go back to our business.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.46,0:16:58.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they just depart and go away.\NOdysseus then adopts this pure anonymity,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:58.40,0:17:03.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the name of no name.\NHe, in some ways loses his name in the
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.41,0:17:09.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cyclops episode not though quite well\Nenough in Marx's entrance into a certain
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.68,0:17:14.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of anonymity, in a strange world\Nmodern about Odysseus is on his way out,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:14.44,0:17:19.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like great heroes who can't stand the idea\Nthat the Cyclops might go through the rest
Dialogue: 0,0:17:19.86,0:17:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of his life not knowing who it is that\Nbeat him.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:23.00,0:17:28.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as he and his men are escaping,\NOdysseus shouts back, oh, and by the way
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.34,0:17:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in case anyone wants to know, the one who\Nblinded you and beat you at this
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.32,0:17:38.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,competition is Odysseus.\NNow, when he does that Odysseus can't help
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.54,0:17:44.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but give his name so that his fame can\Nspread and his glory can spread for having
Dialogue: 0,0:17:44.63,0:17:48.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bested Polyphemus.\NBut what he does is give Polyphemus now a
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.65,0:17:54.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,means to draw down a curse on Odysseus.\NOdysseus would have been completely at
Dialogue: 0,0:17:54.46,0:17:58.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anonymous.\NHad he not told Polyphemus' name, shouting
Dialogue: 0,0:17:58.20,0:18:03.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out his name at the end gives him the\Nglory of having bested Polyphemus but it
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.58,0:18:08.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now gives Polyphemus the means to call\Ndown a terrible curse on Odysseus.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:08.35,0:18:12.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without the name, Polyphemus would have\Nbeen powerless to do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.58,0:18:16.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The name gives him a way in, it's like his\Naddress, his special identity.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.81,0:18:21.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now that Polyphemus knows Odysseus's\Nidentity, he can say to his father, who
Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.86,0:18:25.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just happened to be Poseidon.\NSorry Odysseus, bad mistake.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:25.57,0:18:30.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just happens to be beside.\NDad, take care of that awful man Odysseus,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:30.42,0:18:35.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who took care of me.\NAnd when he does that Polyphemus will
Dialogue: 0,0:18:35.49,0:18:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,surely answer him and nasty things are\Ngoing to come Odysseus' way.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.71,0:18:45.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now if we wanted to half step back and\Ntried to think about this episode as a
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.41,0:18:51.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whole, Cyclops represents according to one\Nof the tools we've already seen in our
Dialogue: 0,0:18:51.80,0:18:57.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,curse, a wonderful example of a kind of\Nsocial lesson on the importance of Zenia.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:57.05,0:19:03.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the case of Polyphemus, this is the\Nkind of reading I've been developing for
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.06,0:19:09.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you, in the case of Polyphemus, this\Nexample of Xenia is actually a perverted
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.05,0:19:13.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,example.\NHe stands as a perfect negative example of
Dialogue: 0,0:19:13.04,0:19:16.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what not to do.\NAnd with this story, all the Greeks that
Dialogue: 0,0:19:16.81,0:19:23.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are reading can sit back and listen to a\Nmyth that underlines and underscores the
Dialogue: 0,0:19:23.07,0:19:27.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,importance of proper guest treatment.\NThe importance of properly treating a
Dialogue: 0,0:19:27.66,0:19:30.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,guest.\NWithout doing that, a person is running
Dialogue: 0,0:19:30.42,0:19:35.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the risk of being compared to one of these\Nawful criminals the cyclops himself.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:35.65,0:19:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So make sure that you uphold Xenia, you\NGreeks, otherwise some people might start
Dialogue: 0,0:19:41.10,0:19:46.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thinking you're acting like a cyclops and,\Nboy, that would be a horrible thing for
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.42,0:19:48.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people to think about you.