[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.79,0:00:19.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My name is Lee Christie,\NI am from MIT.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.44,0:00:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am here today, the name of my talk\Nis Heating buildings is stupid.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.66,0:00:26.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.07,0:00:26.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might ask,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.82,0:00:28.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, why would I say something like that?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.84,0:00:30.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's seems a bit outlandish.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.45,0:00:33.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I am hoping by the end of my talk,\Nyou'll agree with me.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.63,0:00:34.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea here was,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.72,0:00:38.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, what can we do\Nto tackle energy issues?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.19,0:00:41.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this huge problem I came across
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.06,0:00:47.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that we actually use\Na tremendous amount of heating.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.02,0:00:51.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, we use 14,000 terawatt hours\Nof heat energy per year,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.75,0:00:52.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to heat buildings.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.82,0:00:56.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's equivalent\Nto 27 billion lights bulbs
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.46,0:00:59.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on all the time year round.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.18,0:01:04.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's roughly 10 to 14 %\Nof the world's total energy use.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.24,0:01:06.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's staggering numbers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.39,0:01:10.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This ends up about being\N3.5 billion tonnes of CO²,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.93,0:01:12.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Greenhouse gases".
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.17,0:01:13.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or another way of looking at it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.93,0:01:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in dollars, this is 272 billion dollars\Nof energy per year.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.08,0:01:23.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is just mind-bogglingly\Nlarge numbers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.29,0:01:26.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it doesn't have to be done this way,\Nit's actually not necessary.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.60,0:01:33.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is sort of a scope, of how big?\NI'd like to call, the opportunity is.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.09,0:01:40.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The scope is this big, on the left is\Nthe status quo 14.4 petawatt hours
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.52,0:01:45.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or 14,400 terawatt hours of heat energy.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.30,0:01:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there on the right is,\Nwhat could be accomplished,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.96,0:01:51.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with this radical solution\Nthat I am here to propose today.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.29,0:01:55.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So,not only is\Nheating buildings really wasteful,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.58,0:01:58.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's actually kind of frustrating as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.18,0:02:01.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have you ever, for example,\Nfought over the thermostat before?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.31,0:02:03.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember doing this as a kid,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.56,0:02:05.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like I'd turn it up for a little bit,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.09,0:02:06.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then my dad would turn it back down,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.92,0:02:09.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd turn it up and then\NI'd get smacked or something.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.11,0:02:10.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.88,0:02:13.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is crazy too.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.18,0:02:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many of you have used these before?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.60,0:02:17.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right? Quite a few, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.48,0:02:21.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have them in hotels,\Nthey have them in restaurants,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.11,0:02:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they waste so much energy.\Nit's unbelievable!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.92,0:02:27.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Literally most of the energy\Ngo straight up
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.21,0:02:30.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and very little of it actually\Nradiates down to you.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.37,0:02:32.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how about this?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.31,0:02:36.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An airport at 5 a.m.,\Nthat entire airport is heated!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.96,0:02:38.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's no one even in it!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.77,0:02:40.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's unbelievable.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.76,0:02:42.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's talk a little bit\Nabout the history here.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.78,0:02:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How did we get into a situation
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.50,0:02:46.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we're heating buildings\Nthat are empty?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.69,0:02:48.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or that we're wasting heat\Nin these kind of ways?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.93,0:02:50.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, it's all started with the hearth.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.96,0:02:55.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Man sought heat, then came the chimney.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.57,0:02:58.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The chimney made it so that\Ndifferent rooms inside the building
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.46,0:02:59.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could be heated.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.92,0:03:02.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, we got central heating.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.08,0:03:03.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And once we had central heating,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.51,0:03:06.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the entire building was set\Nto the same temperature.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.26,0:03:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You heat the air, you heat the walls,\Nyou heat the ceiling, you heat the floor!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.08,0:03:14.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything gets heated up,\Nand all that energy gets re-radiated
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.33,0:03:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out from the building.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.50,0:03:17.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you keep the building\Nin a relatively high temperature
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.71,0:03:19.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like we do for most our buildings,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.26,0:03:22.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that amount of heat radiation\Nis much larger,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.37,0:03:24.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and much more heat is lost.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.41,0:03:27.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, why not just, you know,\Nuse space heaters for example?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.50,0:03:29.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've all used these before,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.09,0:03:31.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're electric, you know, we could use\Nrenewable energy with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.51,0:03:34.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem with these is that\Nthe beam spreads out
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.86,0:03:36.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it wastes a lot of energy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.69,0:03:40.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And not only that, but\Nas soon as you move to the side,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.13,0:03:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it doesn't heat you anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.86,0:03:43.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That doesn't make a lot of sense.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.46,0:03:47.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here's the crazy solution,\Nhere's the radical solution.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.29,0:03:51.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Heat people! It's so simple.\NHeat people, not buildings.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.14,0:03:53.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how do we do that?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.88,0:03:56.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, we do it\Nwith this device right here.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.83,0:04:01.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea is called local warming.\NAnd it's a Collimated beam of energy.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.52,0:04:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think of it as like a heat spotlight.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.60,0:04:07.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A heat spot light that can beam\Nthe energy directly at you.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.68,0:04:09.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just like a fireplace,\Npeople might look at this and go,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.69,0:04:11.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Oh, that looks a little bit weird!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.04,0:04:14.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It looks a bit like almost a heat gun\Nor something, a heat ray."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.41,0:04:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, think of it more like a fireplace,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.74,0:04:18.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's targeted at you.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.07,0:04:21.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, let's talk a little bit about
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.19,0:04:23.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what has enabled this kind of solution.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.90,0:04:25.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the Microsoft Kinect,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.24,0:04:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's my favorite example\Nof a motion-tracking device
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.04,0:04:29.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's very low cost,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.31,0:04:31.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's millions of them\Nall over the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.96,0:04:35.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is the general idea,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.07,0:04:36.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's that you could have\Nthese units there
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.89,0:04:38.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are not just\Na practical solution,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.71,0:04:40.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but are also architecturally interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.53,0:04:43.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It sort of changes the way\Nwe think about buildings.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.34,0:04:45.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It blurs the line between\Nindoors and outdoors.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.10,0:04:48.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We call this\Nthe local warming prototype.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.56,0:04:51.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was installed in front\Nof the Lobby 7 seven at MIT,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.60,0:04:53.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was our first demonstration.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.22,0:04:55.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a successful demo.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.36,0:04:57.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm going to show you right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.82,0:05:00.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the idea here is\Nthat no matter where I move,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.78,0:05:03.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this thing can track me.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.55,0:05:04.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean think about it,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.25,0:05:06.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you are in a hallway,\Nor wherever,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.14,0:05:07.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is something you can do
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.61,0:05:11.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pretty much in any building,\Nindoor or outdoor.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.28,0:05:19.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So who might like this?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.02,0:05:22.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, building managers\Nand owners of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.39,0:05:25.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because, in many cases,\Nthey have a mandate to reduce
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.29,0:05:27.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their carbon footprint of their building.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.28,0:05:28.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is one way to do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.90,0:05:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Consumers and home owners\Ncan save money on electricity,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.60,0:05:34.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as feel a little bit better\Nabout their carbon footprint.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.18,0:05:37.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And architects and designers\Nhave more options,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.04,0:05:39.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to sort of change the way they do things.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.50,0:05:41.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the challenge is --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.41,0:05:43.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is by no means\Na simple thing, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.83,0:05:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You saw the scope of the opportunity,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.00,0:05:49.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but these are the very early\Nsteps involved in the research.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.70,0:05:51.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, some of the challenges\Nfor example is,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.86,0:05:54.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how do you handle a room\Nwith lots of people in it?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.42,0:05:57.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's difficult. Motion-tracking\Nten people is fairly difficult.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.77,0:06:00.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But imagine how hard it is\Nto track thousands of people.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.59,0:06:03.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe privacy concerns:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.72,0:06:05.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe some people\Ndon't want to be tracked.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.68,0:06:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do you track people\Nwithout invading their privacy?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.81,0:06:10.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Low-cost emitters.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.93,0:06:12.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This device right here for example:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.69,0:06:14.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've got the cost down to\Nsomewhere in the order
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.70,0:06:16.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a couple of thousand dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.35,0:06:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But how do we drop that cost\Ndown to like a hundred dollars?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.68,0:06:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Reliability and maintenance.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.10,0:06:24.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These things got to be installed\Nin buildings and outside of buildings.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.13,0:06:25.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can we install them\Nand maintain them
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.70,0:06:28.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a renewable and inexpensive way?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.10,0:06:31.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then also of course the grid:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.59,0:06:35.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the grid is dirty, then anything\Nyou do with electricity is dirty.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.38,0:06:37.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how do we get more\Nrenewable energy
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.54,0:06:39.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to enable these kind of things?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.30,0:06:41.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here is my vision for 2030.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.87,0:06:43.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are some bold statements.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.07,0:06:46.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And obviously it's a little bit like\Nlooking into a crystal ball.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.65,0:06:48.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let's think about\Nthe possible future
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.82,0:06:51.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can be enabled by\Nthis kind of technology
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.16,0:06:52.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this way of thinking.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.26,0:06:55.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can maybe cut\Nthe CO² emissions of the world
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.26,0:06:57.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by 50% -- sorry specifically for heat --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.96,0:06:59.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the CO² emissions,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.65,0:07:02.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that 3.5 billion number\Nthat I mentioned earlier --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.62,0:07:04.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe we can cut that by 50%
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.19,0:07:08.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or save 120 billion dollars\Nin heating cost per year.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.36,0:07:11.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe have a world where\Nyou have direct control:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.66,0:07:13.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your own personal thermostat\Nin the palm of your hand
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.93,0:07:15.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,via your smartphone
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.29,0:07:16.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to control your temperature
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.67,0:07:18.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no matter where you are in a building.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.58,0:07:19.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.78,0:07:23.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)