[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.100,0:00:05.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over a million people are killed\Neach year in disasters.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.100,0:00:11.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two and a half million people\Nwill be permanently disabled or displaced,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.26,0:00:15.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the communities will take\N20 to 30 years to recover
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.20,0:00:17.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and billions of economic losses.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.05,0:00:23.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you can reduce\Nthe initial response by one day,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.45,0:00:26.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can reduce the overall recovery
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.00,0:00:29.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by a thousand days, or three years.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.83,0:00:31.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See how that works?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.61,0:00:34.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the initial responders\Ncan get in, save lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.48,0:00:36.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mitigate whatever flooding\Ndanger there is,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.02,0:00:39.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that means the other groups can get in
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.33,0:00:42.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to restore the water,\Nthe roads, the electricity,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.34,0:00:45.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means then the construction people,\Nthe insurance agents,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.48,0:00:48.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of them can get in\Nto rebuild the houses,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.12,0:00:51.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which then means\Nyou can restore the economy,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.13,0:00:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maybe even make it better\Nand more resilient to the next disaster.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.90,0:00:59.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A major insurance company told me
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.72,0:01:04.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if they can get a homeowner's claim\Nprocessed one day earlier,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.86,0:01:06.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it'll make a difference of six months
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.100,0:01:09.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in that person getting\Ntheir home repaired.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.12,0:01:12.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's why I do disaster robotics --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.47,0:01:16.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because robots can\Nmake a disaster go away faster.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.30,0:01:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, you've already seen\Na couple of these.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.35,0:01:22.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the UAVs.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.09,0:01:23.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are two types of UAVs:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.98,0:01:25.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a rotorcraft, or hummingbird;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.86,0:01:27.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a fixed-wing, a hawk.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.96,0:01:31.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they're used extensively since 2005 --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.37,0:01:32.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hurricane Katrina.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.57,0:01:35.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me show you how this hummingbird,\Nthis rotorcraft, works.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.92,0:01:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fantastic for structural engineers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.100,0:01:43.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Being able to see damage from angles you\Ncan't get from binoculars on the ground
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.44,0:01:44.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or from a satellite image,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.78,0:01:47.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or anything flying at a higher angle.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.53,0:01:52.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's not just structural engineers\Nand insurance people who need this.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.93,0:01:55.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You've got things\Nlike this fixed-wing, this hawk.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.42,0:01:58.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this hawk can be used\Nfor geospatial surveys.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.71,0:02:01.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's where you're\Npulling imagery together
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.58,0:02:03.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and getting 3D reconstruction.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.43,0:02:07.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We used both of these at the Oso mudslides\Nup in Washington State,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.53,0:02:09.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the big problem
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.76,0:02:12.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was geospatial and hydrological\Nunderstanding of the disaster --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.94,0:02:14.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not the search and rescue.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.21,0:02:16.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The search and rescue teams\Nhad it under control
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.55,0:02:18.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and knew what they were doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.05,0:02:21.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The bigger problem was that river\Nand mudslide might wipe them out
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.95,0:02:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and flood the responders.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.46,0:02:27.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And not only was it challenging\Nto the responders and property damage,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.23,0:02:30.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's also putting at risk\Nthe future of salmon fishing
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.53,0:02:32.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along that part of Washington State.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.27,0:02:34.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they needed to understand\Nwhat was going on.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.77,0:02:37.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In seven hours, going from Arlington,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.41,0:02:42.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,driving from the Incident Command Post\Nto the site, flying the UAVs,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.24,0:02:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,processing the data, driving back\Nto Arlington command post --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.100,0:02:47.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seven hours.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.43,0:02:50.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We gave them in seven hours\Ndata that they could take
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.99,0:02:54.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only two to three days\Nto get any other way --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.76,0:02:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at higher resolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.06,0:02:58.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a game changer.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.77,0:03:01.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And don't just think about the UAVs.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.87,0:03:04.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, they are sexy -- but remember,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.52,0:03:07.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,80 percent of the world's\Npopulation lives by water,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.88,0:03:10.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that means our critical\Ninfrastructure is underwater --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.77,0:03:14.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the parts that we can't get to,\Nlike the bridges and things like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.08,0:03:16.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's why we have\Nunmanned marine vehicles,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.69,0:03:21.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one type of which you've already met,\Nwhich is SARbot, a square dolphin.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.17,0:03:23.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It goes underwater and uses sonar.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.89,0:03:26.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, why are marine vehicles so important
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.24,0:03:29.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and why are they very, very important?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.39,0:03:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They get overlooked.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.93,0:03:33.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think about the Japanese tsunami --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.36,0:03:37.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,400 miles of coastland totally devastated,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.35,0:03:42.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,twice the amount of coastland devastated\Nby Hurricane Katrina in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.07,0:03:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're talking about your bridges,\Nyour pipelines, your ports -- wiped out.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.95,0:03:47.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you don't have a port,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.58,0:03:50.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't have a way\Nto get in enough relief supplies
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.86,0:03:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to support a population.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.10,0:03:54.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was a huge problem\Nat the Haiti earthquake.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.56,0:03:57.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we need marine vehicles.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.71,0:04:00.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, let's look at a viewpoint\Nfrom the SARbot
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.17,0:04:01.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what they were seeing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.66,0:04:03.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were working on a fishing port.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.93,0:04:09.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were able to reopen that fishing port,\Nusing her sonar, in four hours.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.67,0:04:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That fishing port was told\Nit was going to be six months
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.35,0:04:15.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before they could get\Na manual team of divers in,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.08,0:04:17.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was going to take\Nthe divers two weeks.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.79,0:04:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were going to miss\Nthe fall fishing season,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.11,0:04:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was the major economy for that part,\Nwhich is kind of like their Cape Cod.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.36,0:04:26.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,UMVs, very important.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.65,0:04:29.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you know, all the robots\NI've shown you have been small,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.92,0:04:33.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's because robots\Ndon't do things that people do.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.72,0:04:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They go places people can't go.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.100,0:04:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a great example of that is Bujold.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.100,0:04:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unmanned ground vehicles\Nare particularly small,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.100,0:04:43.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so Bujold --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.34,0:04:44.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.87,0:04:46.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Say hello to Bujold.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.08,0:04:48.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.61,0:04:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bujold was used extensively\Nat the World Trade Center
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.100,0:04:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to go through Towers 1, 2 and 4.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.40,0:05:00.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're climbing into the rubble,\Nrappelling down, going deep in spaces.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.07,0:05:04.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And just to see the World Trade Center\Nfrom Bujold's viewpoint, look at this.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.66,0:05:09.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're talking about a disaster\Nwhere you can't fit a person or a dog --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.75,0:05:11.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's on fire.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.91,0:05:15.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only hope of getting\Nto a survivor way in the basement,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.67,0:05:17.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to go through things\Nthat are on fire.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.89,0:05:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was so hot, on one of the robots,\Nthe tracks began to melt and come off.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.16,0:05:25.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Robots don't replace people or dogs,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.97,0:05:28.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or hummingbirds or hawks or dolphins.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.52,0:05:30.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They do things new.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.58,0:05:36.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They assist the responders,\Nthe experts, in new and innovative ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.29,0:05:40.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The biggest problem is not\Nmaking the robots smaller, though.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.74,0:05:42.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not making them more heat-resistant.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.100,0:05:44.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not making more sensors.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.78,0:05:48.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The biggest problem is the data,\Nthe informatics,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.41,0:05:52.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because these people need to get\Nthe right data at the right time.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.47,0:05:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So wouldn't it be great if we could have\Nexperts immediately access the robots
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.100,0:06:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without having to waste any time\Nof driving to the site,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.100,0:06:03.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so whoever's there,\Nuse their robots over the Internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.96,0:06:05.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, let's think about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.36,0:06:08.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's think about a chemical\Ntrain derailment in a rural county.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.76,0:06:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are the odds that the experts,\Nyour chemical engineer,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.62,0:06:14.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your railroad transportation engineers,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.51,0:06:19.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been trained on whatever UAV\Nthat particular county happens to have?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.40,0:06:20.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Probably, like, none.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.95,0:06:23.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we're using these kinds of interfaces
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.37,0:06:27.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to allow people to use the robots\Nwithout knowing what robot they're using,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.73,0:06:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even if they're using a robot or not.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.25,0:06:38.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What the robots give you,\Nwhat they give the experts, is data.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.31,0:06:41.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem becomes:\Nwho gets what data when?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.91,0:06:45.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One thing to do is to ship\Nall the information to everybody
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.83,0:06:47.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and let them sort it out.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.37,0:06:51.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the problem with that\Nis it overwhelms the networks,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.25,0:06:54.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and worse yet, it overwhelms\Nthe cognitive abilities
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.96,0:06:59.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of each of the people trying to get\Nthat one nugget of information
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.49,0:07:03.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they need to make the decision\Nthat's going to make the difference.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.100,0:07:07.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we need to think\Nabout those kinds of challenges.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.12,0:07:08.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's the data.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.41,0:07:10.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Going back to the World Trade Center,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.67,0:07:14.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we tried to solve that problem\Nby just recording the data from Bujold
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.100,0:07:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only when she was deep in the rubble,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.100,0:07:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's what the USAR team\Nsaid they wanted.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.52,0:07:23.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we didn't know at the time
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.14,0:07:25.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that the civil engineers\Nwould have loved,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.76,0:07:29.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,needed the data as we recorded\Nthe box beams, the serial numbers,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.100,0:07:32.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the locations, as we went into the rubble.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.34,0:07:34.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We lost valuable data.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.83,0:07:37.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the challenge is getting all the data
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.24,0:07:39.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and getting it to the right people.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.44,0:07:41.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, here's another reason.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.54,0:07:43.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've learned that some buildings --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.88,0:07:47.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things like schools,\Nhospitals, city halls --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.17,0:07:51.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get inspected four times\Nby different agencies
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.22,0:07:53.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,throughout the response phases.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.16,0:07:57.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, we're looking, if we can get\Nthe data from the robots to share,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.45,0:08:02.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only can we do things like\Ncompress that sequence of phases
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.32,0:08:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to shorten the response time,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.00,0:08:08.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but now we can begin\Nto do the response in parallel.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.38,0:08:09.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everybody can see the data.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.78,0:08:11.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can shorten it that way.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.100,0:08:15.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So really, "disaster robotics"\Nis a misnomer.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.23,0:08:18.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not about the robots.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.15,0:08:20.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about the data.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.43,0:08:23.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.79,0:08:25.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my challenge to you:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.77,0:08:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the next time you hear about a disaster,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.09,0:08:29.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,look for the robots.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.44,0:08:32.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They may be underground,\Nthey may be underwater,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.59,0:08:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they may be in the sky,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.31,0:08:36.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they should be there.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.30,0:08:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look for the robots,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.49,0:08:40.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because robots are coming to the rescue.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.26,0:08:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)