[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.100,0:00:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So recently, we heard a lot about\Nhow social media empowers protest,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.80,0:00:07.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's true,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.38,0:00:09.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but after more than a decade
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.15,0:00:12.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of studying and participating\Nin multiple social movements,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.72,0:00:14.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've come to realize
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.53,0:00:17.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the way technology\Nempowers social movements
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.71,0:00:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can also paradoxically help weaken them.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.22,0:00:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is not inevitable,\Nbut overcoming it requires diving deep
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.00,0:00:27.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into what makes success possible
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.19,0:00:29.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the long term.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.14,0:00:31.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the lessons apply in multiple domains.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.67,0:00:34.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, take Turkey's Gezi Park protests,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.15,0:00:35.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,July 2013,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.68,0:00:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I went back to study in the field.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.68,0:00:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twitter was key to its organizing.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.58,0:00:43.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was everywhere in the park,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.35,0:00:45.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well, along with a lot of tear gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.11,0:00:46.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wasn't all high tech.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.62,0:00:50.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the people in Turkey had already\Ngotten used to the power of Twitter
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.35,0:00:52.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of an unfortunate incident
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.44,0:00:54.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about a year before
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.32,0:00:58.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when military jets had bombed and killed
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.22,0:01:02.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,34 Kurdish smugglers\Nnear the border region,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.40,0:01:06.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Turkish media completely\Ncensored this news.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.98,0:01:08.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Editors sat in their newsrooms
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.77,0:01:11.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and waited for the government\Nto tell them what to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.64,0:01:14.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One frustrated journalist\Ncould not take this anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.38,0:01:16.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He purchased his own plane ticket,\Nand went to the village
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.82,0:01:18.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where this had occurred,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.19,0:01:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was confronted by this scene:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.04,0:01:24.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a line of coffins coming down a hill,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.25,0:01:26.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,relatives wailing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.15,0:01:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He later he told me\Nhow overwhelmed he felt,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.75,0:01:30.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and didn't know what to do,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.49,0:01:32.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so he took out his phone,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.54,0:01:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like any one of us might,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.32,0:01:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and snapped that picture\Nand Tweeted it out.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.48,0:01:40.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And voila, that picture went viral
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.85,0:01:45.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and broke the censorship\Nand forced mass media to cover it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.24,0:01:48.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when, a year later,\NTurkey's Gezi protests happened,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.42,0:01:51.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it started as a protest\Nabout a park being razed,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.39,0:01:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but became an anti-authoritarian protest.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.08,0:01:57.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wasn't surprising\Nthat media also censored it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.89,0:02:00.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it got a little ridiculous at times.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.93,0:02:02.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When things were so intense,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.88,0:02:07.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when CNN International\Nwas broadcasting live from Istanbul,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.39,0:02:10.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CNN Turkey instead was broadcasting
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.06,0:02:13.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a documentary on penguins.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.61,0:02:15.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I love penguin documentaries,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.58,0:02:17.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that wasn't the news of the day.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.93,0:02:20.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An angry viewer\Nput his two screens together
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.97,0:02:22.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and snapped that picture,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.60,0:02:24.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that one too went viral,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.41,0:02:26.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and since then, people call Turkish media
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.13,0:02:28.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the penguin media.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.03,0:02:31.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this time, people knew what to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.07,0:02:34.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They just took out their phones\Nand looked for actual news.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.02,0:02:35.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Better, they knew to go to the park
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.99,0:02:38.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and take pictures and participate
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.43,0:02:40.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and share it more on social media.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.54,0:02:45.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Digital connectivity, that was used\Nfor everything from food to donations.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.16,0:02:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything was organized partially\Nwith the help of these new technologies.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.25,0:02:56.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And using Internet to mobilize\Nand publicize protests
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.47,0:02:58.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually goes back a long way.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.61,0:03:02.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember the Zapatistas,\Nthe peasant uprising
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.25,0:03:05.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the southern Chiapas region of Mexico
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.13,0:03:08.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,led by the masked, pipe-smoking,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.13,0:03:11.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,charismatic Subcomandante Marcos?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.24,0:03:12.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was probably the first movement
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.82,0:03:15.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that got global attention\Nthanks to the Internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.93,0:03:17.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or consider Seattle '99,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.53,0:03:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when a multinational grassroots effort
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.88,0:03:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brought global attention
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.41,0:03:25.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to what was then an obscure organization,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.24,0:03:26.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the World Trade Organization,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.94,0:03:31.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by also utilizing these digital technologies\Nto help them organize.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.63,0:03:33.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And more recently, movement after movement
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.90,0:03:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has shaken country after country:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.06,0:03:42.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Arab uprisings from Bahrain\Nto Tunisia to Egypt and more;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.12,0:03:45.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,indignados in Spain, Italy, Greece:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.60,0:03:47.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Gezi Park protests;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.21,0:03:50.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Taiwan; Euro Maidan in Ukraine; Hong Kong.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.97,0:03:55.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And think of more recent initiatives,\Nlike the "Bring Back Our Girls" hashtags.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.89,0:03:59.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nowadays, a network of tweets
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.47,0:04:02.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can unleash a global awareness campaign.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.93,0:04:06.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A Facebook page can become the hub\Nof a massive mobilization.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.73,0:04:08.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Amazing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.68,0:04:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But think of the moments I just mentioned.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.54,0:04:16.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The achievements they were able to have,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.39,0:04:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their outcomes,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.46,0:04:22.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not really proportional\Nto the size and energy they inspired.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.45,0:04:26.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The hopes they rightfully raised\Nare not really matched
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.28,0:04:30.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by what they were able to have\Nas a result in the end.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.81,0:04:33.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this raises a question:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.06,0:04:38.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as digital technology makes things\Neasier for movements,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.73,0:04:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why haven't successful outcomes\Nbecome more likely as well?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.00,0:04:48.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In embracing digital platforms\Nfor activism and politics,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.02,0:04:50.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are we overlooking some of the benefits
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.83,0:04:52.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of doing things the hard way?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.66,0:04:53.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I believe so.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.87,0:04:55.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe that the rule of thumb is
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.63,0:05:00.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,easier to mobilize does not always mean\Neasier to achieve gains.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.95,0:05:03.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, to be clear,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.71,0:05:07.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technology does empower in multiple ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.06,0:05:08.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very powerful.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.36,0:05:11.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Turkey, I watched\Nfour young college students
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.86,0:05:14.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,organize a countrywide citizen journalist\Nnetwork called "140 Journals"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.46,0:05:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that became the central hub\Nfor uncensored news in the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.52,0:05:23.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Egypt, I saw another four young people
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.68,0:05:27.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,use digital connectivity to organize\Nthe supplies and logistics
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.77,0:05:31.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for 10 field hospitals,\Nvery large operations,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.53,0:05:35.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during massive clashes near Tahrir Square
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.13,0:05:37.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 2011,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.45,0:05:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I asked the founder of this effort,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.10,0:05:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called "Tahrir Supplies,"\Nhow long it took him
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.00,0:05:47.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to go from when he had the idea\Nto when he got started.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.53,0:05:49.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Five minutes," he said. Five minutes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.90,0:05:52.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he had no training\Nor background in logistics.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.26,0:05:56.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or think of the Occupy movement\Nwhich rocked the world in 2011.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.33,0:05:58.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It started with a single email
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.18,0:06:03.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a magazine, Adbusters,\Nto 90,000 subscribers in its list.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.32,0:06:06.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About two months after that first email,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.59,0:06:08.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were in the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.82,0:06:11.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,600 ongoing occupations and protests.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.56,0:06:15.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Less than one month,\Nless than one month
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.67,0:06:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after the first physical\Noccupation in Zuccotti Park,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.80,0:06:25.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a global protest was held\Nin about 82 countries, 950 cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.37,0:06:27.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was one of the largest global protests
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.12,0:06:28.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ever organized.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.51,0:06:32.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, compare that to what\Nthe Civil Rights Movement had to do
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.66,0:06:36.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 1955 Alabama to protest
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.64,0:06:39.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the racially segregated bus system
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.91,0:06:41.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which they wanted to boycott.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.16,0:06:42.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They'd been preparing for many years
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.84,0:06:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and decided it was time\Nto swing into action
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.04,0:06:47.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after Rosa Parks was arrested.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.08,0:06:48.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But how do you get the word out
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.57,0:06:50.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- You know, tomorrow\Nwe're going to start to boycott --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.61,0:06:53.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you don't have Facebook,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.05,0:06:56.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,texting, Twitter, none of that?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.12,0:06:59.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they had to mimeograph
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.25,0:07:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,52,000 leaflets
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.08,0:07:04.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by sneaking into a university\Nduplicating room
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.75,0:07:07.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and working all night, secretly.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.14,0:07:10.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They then used the 68\NAfrican-American organizations
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.70,0:07:14.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that criss-crossed the city\Nto distribute those leaflets by hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.72,0:07:19.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the logistical tasks were daunting,\Nbecause these were poor people.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.34,0:07:21.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had to get to work, boycott or no,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.42,0:07:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so a massive carpool was organized,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.33,0:07:26.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,again by meeting.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.60,0:07:28.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No texting, no Twitter, no Facebook.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.95,0:07:30.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had to meet almost all the time
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.88,0:07:32.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to keep this carpool going.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.48,0:07:34.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, it would be so much easier.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.87,0:07:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could create a database,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.66,0:07:39.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,available rides and what rides you need,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.60,0:07:42.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have the database coordinate,\Nand use texting.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.95,0:07:45.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We wouldn't have to need all that much.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.50,0:07:47.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But again, consider this:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.78,0:07:50.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Civil Rights Movement\Nin the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.98,0:07:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,navigated a minefield\Nof political dangers,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.56,0:07:58.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,faced repression, and overcame,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.97,0:08:01.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,won major policy concessions,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.15,0:08:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,navigated and innovated through risks.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.64,0:08:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In contrast, three years\Nafter Occupy sparked
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.98,0:08:10.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that global conversation about inequality,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.76,0:08:13.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the policies that fuel it\Nare still in place.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.97,0:08:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Europe was also rocked\Nby anti-austerity protests,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.54,0:08:21.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the continent\Ndidn't shift its direction.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.24,0:08:24.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In embracing these technologies,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.74,0:08:28.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are we overlooking some of the benefits
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.32,0:08:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of slow and sustained?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.29,0:08:32.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To understand this,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.87,0:08:36.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went back to Turkey\Nabout a year after the Gezi protests
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.21,0:08:38.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I interviewed a range of people,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.28,0:08:40.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from activists to politicians,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.93,0:08:46.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from both the ruling party\Nand the opposition party and movements.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.17,0:08:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found that the Gezi protesters\Nwere despairing.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.40,0:08:51.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were frustrated,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.99,0:08:55.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they had achieved much less\Nthan what they had hoped for.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.57,0:08:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This echoed what I'd been hearing\Naround the world
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.00,0:09:01.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from many of the protesters\Nthat I'm in touch with,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.44,0:09:04.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I've come to realize\Nthat part of the problem
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.23,0:09:06.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that today's protests
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.18,0:09:09.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have become a bit\Nlike climbing Mt. Everest
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.78,0:09:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the help of 60 sherpas,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.28,0:09:15.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Internet is our sherpa.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.65,0:09:16.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we're doing is taking the fast routes
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.97,0:09:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not replacing the benefits\Nof the slower work,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.08,0:09:24.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you see,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.94,0:09:28.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the kind of work that went\Ninto organizing all those daunting,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.68,0:09:30.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tedious logistical tasks
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.79,0:09:33.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,did not just take care of those tasks,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.60,0:09:36.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they also created the kind of organization
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.08,0:09:38.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that could think together collectively
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.17,0:09:40.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and make hard decisions together,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.66,0:09:44.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,create consensus and innovate,\Nand maybe even more crucially,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.02,0:09:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keep going together through differences.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.90,0:09:52.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when you see\Nthis March on Washington in 1963,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.50,0:09:54.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you look at that picture,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.18,0:09:55.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where this is the march\Nwhere Martin Luther King
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.100,0:09:58.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gave his famous "I have a dream" speech,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.85,0:10:00.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1963,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.27,0:10:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't just see a march
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.26,0:10:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you don't just hear a powerful speech,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.68,0:10:10.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you also see the painstaking,\Nlong-term work that can put on that march,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.11,0:10:11.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you're on power,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.67,0:10:16.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you realize you have to take\Nthe capacity signaled by that march,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.13,0:10:17.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just the march,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.59,0:10:19.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the capacity signaled\Nby that march, seriously.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.72,0:10:21.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In contrast, when you look\Nat the Occupy's global marches
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.26,0:10:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were organized in two weeks,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.32,0:10:28.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you see a lot of discontent,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.66,0:10:31.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you don't necessarily\Nsee teeth that can bite
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.10,0:10:34.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the long term.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.35,0:10:35.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And crucially, the Civil Rights Movement
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.72,0:10:36.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,innovated tactically
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.84,0:10:40.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from boycotts to lunch counter sit-ins
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.21,0:10:43.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to pickets to marches to freedom rides.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.80,0:10:47.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today's movements scale up very quickly\Nwithout the organizational base
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.31,0:10:50.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can see them through the challenges.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.33,0:10:53.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They feel a little like start-ups\Nthat got very big
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.72,0:10:55.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without knowing what to do next,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.100,0:10:58.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they rarely manage to shift tactically
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.35,0:11:00.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they don't have\Nthe depth of capacity
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.93,0:11:03.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to weather such transitions.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.32,0:11:04.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I want to be clear:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.78,0:11:09.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the magic is not in the mimeograph.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.29,0:11:12.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's in that capacity to work together,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.47,0:11:15.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think together collectively,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.90,0:11:18.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which can only be built\Nover time with a lot of work.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.11,0:11:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To understand all this,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.60,0:11:24.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I interviewed a top official\Nfrom the ruling party in Turkey,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.31,0:11:26.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I ask him, "How do you do it?"
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.03,0:11:29.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They too use digital technology\Nextensively, so that's not it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.44,0:11:31.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what's the secret?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.46,0:11:32.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, he told me.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.72,0:11:35.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said the keys is
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.01,0:11:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he never took sugar with his tea.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.54,0:11:42.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, what does that\Ngot to do with anything?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.79,0:11:45.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, he said, his party starts\Ngetting ready for the next election
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.58,0:11:47.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the day after the last one,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.39,0:11:51.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he spends all day every day\Nmeeting with voters in their homes,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.22,0:11:54.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in their wedding parties,\Ncircumcision ceremonies,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.19,0:11:55.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then he meets with his colleagues
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.86,0:11:57.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to compare notes.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.26,0:11:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With that many meetings every day,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.28,0:12:02.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with tea offered at every one of them\Nwhich he could not refuse,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.78,0:12:05.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that would be rude,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.25,0:12:08.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he could not take even one cube of sugar
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.01,0:12:10.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,per cup of tea,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.68,0:12:13.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that would be many kilos of sugar,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.70,0:12:14.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he couldn't calculate\Nexactly how many kilos,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.53,0:12:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that point I realized\Nwhy he was speaking so fast.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.74,0:12:20.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had met in the afternoon,\Nand he was already way over-caffeinated.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.94,0:12:23.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But his party won two major elections
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.29,0:12:29.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within a year of the Gezi protests\Nwith comfortable margins.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.84,0:12:32.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, to be sure, governments have\Ndifferent resources to bring to the table.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.65,0:12:34.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not the same game.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.16,0:12:36.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the differences are instructive,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.08,0:12:40.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and like all such stories, this is not\Na story just of technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.09,0:12:42.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's what technology allows us to do
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.50,0:12:45.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,converging with what we want to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.08,0:12:48.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today's social movements\Nwant to operate informally.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.59,0:12:51.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They do not want institutional leadership.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.19,0:12:53.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They want to stay out of politics,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.61,0:12:56.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they fear\Ncorruption and cooptation.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.09,0:12:57.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have a point:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.56,0:12:59.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,modern representative democracies
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.11,0:13:02.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are being strangled in many countries\Nby powerful interests.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.59,0:13:06.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But operating this way\Nmakes it hard for them
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.16,0:13:08.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to sustain over the long term
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.54,0:13:10.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and exert leverage over the system,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.46,0:13:14.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which leads to frustrated\Nprotesters dropping out,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.17,0:13:17.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even more corrupt politics.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.05,0:13:22.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And politics and democracy\Nwithout an effective challenge hobbles,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.23,0:13:26.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the causes that have inspired\Nthe modern recent movements
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.57,0:13:29.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are crucial. Right?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.61,0:13:31.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Climate change is barreling towards us.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.44,0:13:36.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Inequality is stifling human growth\Nand potential and economies.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.81,0:13:38.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Authoritarianism is choking\Nmany countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.64,0:13:41.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need movements to be more effective.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.18,0:13:43.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now some people have argued\Nthat the problem is
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.62,0:13:47.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,today's movements are not formed of people
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.49,0:13:50.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who take as many risks as before,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.35,0:13:52.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is not true.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.67,0:13:54.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From Gezi to Tahrir to elsewhere,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.85,0:13:58.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've seen people put their lives\Nand livelihoods on the line.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.66,0:14:01.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also not true,\Nas Malcolm Gladwell claimed,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.24,0:14:04.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that today's protesters\Nform weaker virtual ties.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.14,0:14:06.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, they come to these protests\Njust like before with their friends,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.46,0:14:10.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,existing networks,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.87,0:14:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sometimes they do\Nmake friends for life.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.68,0:14:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I still see the friends that I made
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.26,0:14:18.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in those Zapatista-convened\Nglobal protests more than a decade ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.95,0:14:21.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the bonds between strangers\Nare not worthless.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.78,0:14:23.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I got tear-gassed in Gezi,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.76,0:14:28.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people I didn't know helped me\Nand one another instead of running away.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.17,0:14:30.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Tahrir, I saw people, protesters,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.68,0:14:34.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,working really hard to keep\Neach other safe and protected.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.86,0:14:37.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And digital awareness-raising is great,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.02,0:14:40.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because changing minds\Nis the bedrock of changing politics.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.62,0:14:43.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But movements today
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.36,0:14:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have to move beyond\Nparticipation at great scale very fast
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.38,0:14:51.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and figure out how\Nto think together collectively,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.26,0:14:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,develop strong policy proposals,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.10,0:14:57.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,create consensus,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.18,0:14:59.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,figure out the political steps\Nand relate them to leverage,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.15,0:15:02.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because all these good intentions\Nand bravery and sacrifice by itself
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.63,0:15:04.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not going to be enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.30,0:15:06.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are many efforts.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.30,0:15:10.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In New Zealand, a group of young people\Nare developing a platform called Lumio
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.69,0:15:13.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for participatory\Ndecision-making at scale.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.15,0:15:16.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Turkey, 140 Journals\Nare holding hack-a-thons
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.87,0:15:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they support communities
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.56,0:15:21.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as citizen journalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.65,0:15:24.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Argentina, an open-source platform\Ncalled Democracy OS
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.84,0:15:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is bringing participation\Nto parliaments and political parties.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.50,0:15:30.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are all great, and we need more,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.13,0:15:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the answer won't just be\Nbetter online decision-making,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.00,0:15:39.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because, to update 21st-century,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.42,0:15:41.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are going to need to innovate
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.44,0:15:43.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at every level,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.25,0:15:46.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the organizational\Nto the political to the social.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.66,0:15:50.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because to succeed over the long term,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.93,0:15:53.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes you do need tea without sugar
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.97,0:15:55.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along with your Twitter.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.37,0:15:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.04,0:16:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)