[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.100,0:00:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So recently, we heard a lot about\Nhow social media helps empower protest,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.80,0:00:07.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's true,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.18,0:00:08.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but after more than a decade
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.84,0:00:12.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of studying and participating\Nin multiple social movements,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.50,0:00:14.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've come to realize
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.30,0:00:17.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the way technology\Nempowers social movements
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.61,0:00:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can also paradoxically help weaken them.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.72,0:00:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is not inevitable,\Nbut overcoming it requires diving deep
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.60,0:00:28.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into what makes success possible\Nover the long term.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.90,0:00:31.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the lessons apply in multiple domains.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.46,0:00:35.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, take Turkey's\NGezi Park protests, July 2013,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.45,0:00:38.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I went back to study in the field.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.49,0:00:40.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twitter was key to its organizing.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.94,0:00:44.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was everywhere in the park --\Nwell, along with a lot of tear gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.34,0:00:46.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wasn't all high tech.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.18,0:00:50.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the people in Turkey had already\Ngotten used to the power of Twitter
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.05,0:00:53.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of an unfortunate incident\Nabout a year before
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.99,0:00:57.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when military jets had bombed and killed
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.78,0:01:01.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,34 Kurdish smugglers\Nnear the border region,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.87,0:01:06.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Turkish media completely\Ncensored this news.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.62,0:01:08.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Editors sat in their newsrooms
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.46,0:01:11.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and waited for the government\Nto tell them what to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.36,0:01:13.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One frustrated journalist\Ncould not take this anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.96,0:01:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He purchased his own plane ticket,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.64,0:01:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and went to the village\Nwhere this had occurred.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.96,0:01:20.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he was confronted by this scene:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.62,0:01:26.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a line of coffins coming down a hill,\Nrelatives wailing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.02,0:01:28.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He later he told me\Nhow overwhelmed he felt,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.46,0:01:30.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and didn't know what to do,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.18,0:01:32.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so he took out his phone,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.16,0:01:33.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like any one of us might,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.92,0:01:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and snapped that picture\Nand tweeted it out.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.12,0:01:40.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And voila, that picture went viral
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.85,0:01:45.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and broke the censorship\Nand forced mass media to cover it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.24,0:01:48.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when, a year later,\NTurkey's Gezi protests happened,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.42,0:01:51.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it started as a protest\Nabout a park being razed,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.14,0:01:53.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but became an anti-authoritarian protest.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.44,0:01:57.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wasn't surprising\Nthat media also censored it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.60,0:02:00.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it got a little ridiculous at times.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.53,0:02:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When things were so intense,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.60,0:02:06.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when CNN International\Nwas broadcasting live from Istanbul,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.100,0:02:13.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CNN Turkey instead was broadcasting\Na documentary on penguins.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.35,0:02:17.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I love penguin documentaries,\Nbut that wasn't the news of the day.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.93,0:02:22.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An angry viewer put his two screens\Ntogether and snapped that picture,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.23,0:02:24.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that one too went viral,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.10,0:02:28.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and since then, people call Turkish media\Nthe penguin media. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.59,0:02:30.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this time, people knew what to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.75,0:02:33.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They just took out their phones\Nand looked for actual news.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.71,0:02:38.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Better, they knew to go to the park\Nand take pictures and participate
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.17,0:02:40.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and share it more on social media.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.12,0:02:46.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Digital connectivity was used\Nfor everything from food to donations.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.68,0:02:51.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything was organized partially\Nwith the help of these new technologies.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.95,0:02:56.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And using Internet to mobilize\Nand publicize protests
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.15,0:02:58.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually goes back a long way.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.61,0:03:00.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember the Zapatistas,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.45,0:03:05.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the peasant uprising\Nin the southern Chiapas region of Mexico
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.09,0:03:10.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,led by the masked, pipe-smoking,\Ncharismatic Subcomandante Marcos?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.72,0:03:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was probably the first movement
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.60,0:03:14.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that got global attention\Nthanks to the Internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.69,0:03:17.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or consider Seattle '99,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.34,0:03:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when a multinational grassroots effort\Nbrought global attention
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.14,0:03:26.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to what was then an obscure organization,\Nthe World Trade Organization,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.83,0:03:31.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by also utilizing these digital\Ntechnologies to help them organize.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.37,0:03:33.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And more recently, movement after movement
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.90,0:03:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has shaken country after country:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.74,0:03:41.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Arab uprisings from Bahrain\Nto Tunisia to Egypt and more;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.87,0:03:46.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,indignados in Spain, Italy, Greece;\Nthe Gezi Park protests;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.74,0:03:50.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Taiwan; Euromaidan in Ukraine; Hong Kong.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.97,0:03:55.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And think of more recent initiatives,\Nlike the #BringBackOurGirls hashtags.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.68,0:04:02.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nowadays, a network of tweets\Ncan unleash a global awareness campaign.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.54,0:04:06.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A Facebook page can become the hub\Nof a massive mobilization.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.45,0:04:08.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Amazing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.22,0:04:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But think of the moments I just mentioned.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.54,0:04:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The achievements they were\Nable to have, their outcomes,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.20,0:04:22.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not really proportional\Nto the size and energy they inspired.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.01,0:04:26.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The hopes they rightfully raised\Nare not really matched
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.03,0:04:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by what they were able to have\Nas a result in the end.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.50,0:04:32.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this raises a question:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.20,0:04:38.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As digital technology makes things\Neasier for movements,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.43,0:04:42.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why haven't successful outcomes\Nbecome more likely as well?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.45,0:04:48.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In embracing digital platforms\Nfor activism and politics,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.02,0:04:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are we overlooking some of the benefits\Nof doing things the hard way?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.25,0:04:53.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I believe so.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.47,0:04:55.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe that the rule of thumb is:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.27,0:05:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Easier to mobilize does not always mean\Neasier to achieve gains.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.61,0:05:03.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, to be clear,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.50,0:05:06.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technology does empower in multiple ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.36,0:05:07.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very powerful.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.82,0:05:11.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Turkey, I watched\Nfour young college students
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.86,0:05:16.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,organize a countrywide citizen journalism\Nnetwork called 140Journos
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.09,0:05:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that became the central hub\Nfor uncensored news in the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.52,0:05:25.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Egypt, I saw another four young people\Nuse digital connectivity
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.67,0:05:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to organize the supplies and logistics\Nfor 10 field hospitals,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.52,0:05:31.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very large operations,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.53,0:05:36.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during massive clashes\Nnear Tahrir Square in 2011.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.50,0:05:41.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I asked the founder\Nof this effort, called Tahrir Supplies,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.22,0:05:47.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how long it took him to go from when\Nhe had the idea to when he got started.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.33,0:05:49.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Five minutes," he said. Five minutes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.69,0:05:52.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he had no training\Nor background in logistics.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.23,0:05:55.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or think of the Occupy movement\Nwhich rocked the world in 2011.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.96,0:05:57.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It started with a single email
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.94,0:06:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a magazine, Adbusters,\Nto 90,000 subscribers in its list.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.18,0:06:06.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About two months after that first email,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.16,0:06:12.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were in the United States\N600 ongoing occupations and protests.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.51,0:06:18.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Less than one month after the first\Nphysical occupation in Zuccotti Park,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.33,0:06:25.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a global protest was held\Nin about 82 countries, 950 cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.17,0:06:27.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was one of the largest\Nglobal protests ever organized.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.92,0:06:34.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, compare that to what the Civil Rights\NMovement had to do in 1955 Alabama
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.61,0:06:40.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to protest the racially segregated\Nbus system, which they wanted to boycott.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.74,0:06:42.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They'd been preparing for many years
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.50,0:06:44.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and decided it was time\Nto swing into action
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.56,0:06:46.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after Rosa Parks was arrested.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.76,0:06:48.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But how do you get the word out --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.43,0:06:50.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tomorrow we're going to\Nstart the boycott --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.59,0:06:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you don't have Facebook,\Ntexting, Twitter, none of that?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.00,0:07:01.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they had to mimeograph 52,000 leaflets
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.17,0:07:04.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by sneaking into a university\Nduplicating room
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.36,0:07:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and working all night, secretly.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.90,0:07:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They then used the 68\NAfrican-American organizations
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.40,0:07:14.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that criss-crossed the city\Nto distribute those leaflets by hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.36,0:07:19.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the logistical tasks were daunting,\Nbecause these were poor people.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.34,0:07:21.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had to get to work, boycott or no,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.42,0:07:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so a massive carpool was organized,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.33,0:07:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,again by meeting.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.44,0:07:28.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No texting, no Twitter, no Facebook.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.84,0:07:32.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had to meet almost all the time\Nto keep this carpool going.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.41,0:07:34.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, it would be so much easier.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.68,0:07:39.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could create a database,\Navailable rides and what rides you need,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.67,0:07:42.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have the database coordinate,\Nand use texting.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.95,0:07:45.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We wouldn't have to meet all that much.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.50,0:07:47.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But again, consider this:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.78,0:07:50.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Civil Rights Movement\Nin the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.77,0:07:55.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,navigated a minefield\Nof political dangers,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.27,0:08:00.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,faced repression and overcame,\Nwon major policy concessions,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.77,0:08:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,navigated and innovated through risks.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.01,0:08:07.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In contrast, three years\Nafter Occupy sparked
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.54,0:08:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that global conversation about inequality,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.14,0:08:13.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the policies that fueled it\Nare still in place.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.97,0:08:17.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Europe was also rocked\Nby anti-austerity protests,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.12,0:08:21.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the continent\Ndidn't shift its direction.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.24,0:08:24.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In embracing these technologies,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.17,0:08:30.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are we overlooking some of the benefits\Nof slow and sustained?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.58,0:08:32.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To understand this,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.45,0:08:35.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went back to Turkey\Nabout a year after the Gezi protests
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.57,0:08:37.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I interviewed a range of people,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.85,0:08:41.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from activists to politicians,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.56,0:08:46.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from both the ruling party\Nand the opposition party and movements.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.17,0:08:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found that the Gezi protesters\Nwere despairing.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.48,0:08:51.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were frustrated,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.51,0:08:54.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they had achieved much less\Nthan what they had hoped for.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.57,0:08:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This echoed what I'd been hearing\Naround the world
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.10,0:09:00.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from many other protesters\Nthat I'm in touch with.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.89,0:09:03.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I've come to realize\Nthat part of the problem
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.20,0:09:09.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that today's protests have become\Na bit like climbing Mt. Everest
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.07,0:09:11.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the help of 60 Sherpas,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.52,0:09:14.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Internet is our Sherpa.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.65,0:09:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we're doing is taking the fast routes
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.96,0:09:22.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not replacing the benefits\Nof the slower work.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.30,0:09:23.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because, you see,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.100,0:09:26.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the kind of work that went into organizing
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.87,0:09:29.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all those daunting,\Ntedious logistical tasks
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.65,0:09:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,did not just take care of those tasks,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.28,0:09:36.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they also created the kind of organization\Nthat could think together collectively
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.96,0:09:39.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and make hard decisions together,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.24,0:09:43.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,create consensus and innovate,\Nand maybe even more crucially,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.18,0:09:46.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keep going together through differences.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.54,0:09:51.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when you see this\NMarch on Washington in 1963,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.33,0:09:53.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you look at that picture,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.01,0:09:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where this is the march where\NMartin Luther King gave his famous
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.36,0:09:59.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I have a dream" speech, 1963,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.21,0:10:03.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't just see a march\Nand you don't just hear a powerful speech,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.65,0:10:09.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you also see the painstaking,\Nlong-term work that can put on that march.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.12,0:10:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you're in power,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.92,0:10:15.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you realize you have to take\Nthe capacity signaled by that march,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.22,0:10:19.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just the march, but the capacity\Nsignaled by that march, seriously.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.72,0:10:23.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In contrast, when you look\Nat Occupy's global marches
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.73,0:10:25.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were organized in two weeks,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.37,0:10:26.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you see a lot of discontent,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.75,0:10:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you don't necessarily see teeth that\Ncan bite over the long term.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.62,0:10:35.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And crucially, the Civil Rights Movement\Ninnovated tactically
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.71,0:10:42.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from boycotts to lunch counter sit-ins\Nto pickets to marches to freedom rides.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.50,0:10:46.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today's movements scale up very quickly\Nwithout the organizational base
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.31,0:10:48.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can see them through the challenges.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.90,0:10:52.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They feel a little like startups\Nthat got very big
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.70,0:10:54.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without knowing what to do next,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.70,0:10:57.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they rarely manage to shift tactically
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.36,0:10:59.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they don't have\Nthe depth of capacity
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.86,0:11:02.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to weather such transitions.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.15,0:11:06.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I want to be clear:\NThe magic is not in the mimeograph.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.67,0:11:13.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's in that capacity to work together,\Nthink together collectively,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.49,0:11:16.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which can only be built\Nover time with a lot of work.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.67,0:11:18.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To understand all this,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.75,0:11:22.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I interviewed a top official\Nfrom the ruling party in Turkey,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.57,0:11:24.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I ask him, "How do you do it?"
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.74,0:11:28.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They too use digital technology\Nextensively, so that's not it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.44,0:11:30.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what's the secret?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.37,0:11:31.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, he told me.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.90,0:11:38.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said the key is\Nhe never took sugar with his tea.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.53,0:11:41.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, what has that\Ngot to do with anything?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.59,0:11:44.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, he said, his party starts\Ngetting ready for the next election
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.76,0:11:46.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the day after the last one,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.30,0:11:50.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he spends all day every day\Nmeeting with voters in their homes,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.28,0:11:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in their wedding parties,\Ncircumcision ceremonies,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.86,0:11:55.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then he meets with his colleagues\Nto compare notes.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.82,0:12:00.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With that many meetings every day,\Nwith tea offered at every one of them,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.38,0:12:03.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which he could not refuse,\Nbecause that would be rude,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.74,0:12:08.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he could not take even one cube of sugar\Nper cup of tea,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.38,0:12:12.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that would be many kilos of sugar,\Nhe can't even calculate how many kilos,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.34,0:12:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at that point I realized\Nwhy he was speaking so fast.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.98,0:12:19.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had met in the afternoon,\Nand he was already way over-caffeinated.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.53,0:12:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But his party won two major elections
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.00,0:12:28.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within a year of the Gezi protests\Nwith comfortable margins.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.66,0:12:31.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To be sure, governments have\Ndifferent resources to bring to the table.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.100,0:12:35.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not the same game,\Nbut the differences are instructive.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.15,0:12:39.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And like all such stories, this is not\Na story just of technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.01,0:12:44.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's what technology allows us to do\Nconverging with what we want to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.09,0:12:47.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today's social movements\Nwant to operate informally.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.88,0:12:50.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They do not want institutional leadership.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.15,0:12:55.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They want to stay out of politics because\Nthey fear corruption and cooptation.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.01,0:12:56.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have a point.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.55,0:12:59.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Modern representative democracies\Nare being strangled in many countries
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.96,0:13:01.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by powerful interests.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.24,0:13:05.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But operating this way\Nmakes it hard for them
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.52,0:13:09.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to sustain over the long term\Nand exert leverage over the system,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.27,0:13:12.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which leads to frustrated\Nprotesters dropping out,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.53,0:13:15.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even more corrupt politics.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.89,0:13:20.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And politics and democracy\Nwithout an effective challenge hobbles,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.98,0:13:27.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the causes that have inspired\Nthe modern recent movements are crucial.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.37,0:13:30.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Climate change is barreling towards us.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.46,0:13:35.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Inequality is stifling human growth\Nand potential and economies.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.35,0:13:37.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Authoritarianism is choking\Nmany countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.63,0:13:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need movements to be more effective.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.38,0:13:43.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, some people have argued\Nthat the problem is
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.06,0:13:49.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,today's movements are not formed of people\Nwho take as many risks as before,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.52,0:13:51.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is not true.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.57,0:13:54.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From Gezi to Tahrir to elsewhere,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.13,0:13:57.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've seen people put their lives\Nand livelihoods on the line.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.77,0:14:00.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also not true,\Nas Malcolm Gladwell claimed,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.19,0:14:02.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that today's protesters\Nform weaker virtual ties.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.93,0:14:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, they come to these protests,\Njust like before,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.72,0:14:09.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with their friends, existing networks,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.33,0:14:11.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sometimes they do\Nmake new friends for life.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.64,0:14:14.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I still see the friends that I made
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.22,0:14:17.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in those Zapatista-convened\Nglobal protests more than a decade ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.64,0:14:20.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the bonds between strangers\Nare not worthless.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.62,0:14:22.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I got tear-gassed in Gezi,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.90,0:14:28.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people I didn't know helped me\Nand one another instead of running away.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.17,0:14:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Tahrir, I saw people, protesters,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.40,0:14:34.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,working really hard to keep\Neach other safe and protected.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.21,0:14:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And digital awareness-raising is great,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.10,0:14:39.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because changing minds\Nis the bedrock of changing politics.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.82,0:14:47.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But movements today have to move beyond\Nparticipation at great scale very fast
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.22,0:14:50.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and figure out how\Nto think together collectively,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.72,0:14:54.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,develop strong policy proposals,\Ncreate consensus,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.46,0:14:58.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,figure out the political steps\Nand relate them to leverage,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.13,0:15:01.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because all these good intentions\Nand bravery and sacrifice by itself
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.81,0:15:03.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not going to be enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.48,0:15:05.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are many efforts.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.38,0:15:09.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In New Zealand, a group of young people\Nare developing a platform called Loomio
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.77,0:15:12.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for participatory\Ndecision making at scale.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.77,0:15:16.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Turkey, 140Journos\Nare holding hack-a-thons
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.05,0:15:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they support communities\Nas well as citizen journalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.62,0:15:23.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Argentina, an open-source platform\Ncalled DemocracyOS
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.72,0:15:27.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is bringing participation\Nto parliaments and political parties.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.13,0:15:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are all great, and we need more,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.52,0:15:34.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the answer won't just be\Nbetter online decision-making,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.69,0:15:40.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because to update democracy, we are going\Nto need to innovate at every level,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.25,0:15:44.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the organizational\Nto the political to the social.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.74,0:15:48.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because to succeed over the long term,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.69,0:15:51.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes you do need tea without sugar
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.06,0:15:52.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along with your Twitter.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.70,0:15:54.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.21,0:16:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)