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根據記載

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最大嘅腎結石重量超過一公斤

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直徑長達 17 厘米

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但事實係病人冇曾經
吞咗一粒椰子咁大嘅石頭落肚

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腎結石係喺身體裏面形成嘅

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但要攞佢哋出嚟嘅話，就好痛苦喇

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腎結石指喺腎臟、輸尿管
膀胱、尿道

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形成嘅一塊好硬嘅晶體

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尿液中嘅化合物包含
鈣、鈉、鉀、草酸、尿酸同埋磷酸鹽

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如果呢啲成份嘅含量水平過高
或者尿液過酸、過鹼

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呢啲成份就會聚集結晶

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結晶得唔得到解決，就會越嚟越大

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以致經過幾星期、幾個月
甚至幾年嘅時間

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變成一粒可以檢測得到嘅腎石

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腎石當中，草酸鈣形成嘅腎石
係最常見嘅

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大概佔八成腎結石

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磷酸鈣或者尿酸形成嘅腎石就冇咁常見

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病毒感染有可能令腎石嘅成分
變為礦物質鎂、磷酸銨、鳥糞石

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遺傳疾病或者某啲藥物
都會形成更加罕見嘅腎石

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一粒腎石要被檢測得到

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就要喺身體裏面移動

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當一粒腎石經過腎臟嚟到輸尿管

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佢鋒利嘅邊緣會刮損泌尿道嘅內壁

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內壁組織含有嘅神經末梢

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神經末梢會通過神經系統
傳遞極度痛苦嘅信號

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而且刮損會導致內壁出血

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出血同時伴隨著噁心、嘔吐嘅癥狀

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排尿時仲會有一種灼燒感

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如果一粒腎石大到可以阻塞尿液流動

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佢就會引起感染，或者尿液倒流

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甚至破壞腎臟本身

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但係大部份腎結石
都冇嚴重到要做手術嘅地步

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直徑小於五厘米嘅結石
通常由可以由身體自身排出

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醫生一般會建議通過大量飲水
嚟加速結石排出

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有需要仲可以食止痛藥

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如果結石比較大

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服用好似 α-受體阻滯劑嘅藥物
可以幫助放鬆輸尿管嘅肌肉

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令到結石更容易排出

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另一種叫檸檬酸鉀嘅藥物

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可以通過製造冇咁酸嘅尿酸嚟溶解結石

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至於直徑去到十厘米嘅中等結石

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其中一種治療就係聲波粉碎

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體外衝擊波碎石術
利用高強度超聲波脈衝嘅能量打擊結石

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脈衝令到結石內部震動

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內部嘅細泡泡嘗試膨漲

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呢兩種力將結石打散

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令佢更加容易排出身體

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如果結石太大嘅話，聲波碎石都冇用喇

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所以有時候，就需要入侵性嘅療程

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支架連管可以放入撐大輸尿管

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光纖可以傳導激光脈衝，擊碎結石

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同樣，結石可以通過
喺病人背脊或者腹股溝開刀攞出

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如果一開始就避免腎結石會點？

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對於腎結石高危嘅人

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醫生會勸佢哋多飲啲水

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因為水可以稀釋
最終形成結石嘅草酸鈣同其他物質

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薯片、菠菜、大黃同甜菜
都有好高嘅草酸

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所以醫生建議食少啲佢哋

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雖然結石當中含有鈣

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但係食物同飲料中嘅鈣

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能夠喺草酸到達腎臟之前
就喺消化道同草酸結合

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如果你有腎結石，你並唔孤單

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數據顯示腎結石嘅患病率正上升緊

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但係世界最大嘅腎結石紀錄
係冇咁快就被打破嘅