[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(English captions by Trisha Paul, University of Michigan)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.00,0:00:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this session, we shall be introduced to\Ndisaster risk reduction as a key role in public
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.00,0:00:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,health emergency preparedness.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.00,0:00:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, disaster risk is defined by hazard\Ntimes vulnerability divided by capacity.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.00,0:00:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Vulnerability to natural disasters.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.00,0:00:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,95% of national disaster deaths occur among\N66% of the poorest countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.00,0:01:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From 1965-1992 more than 90% of all disaster\Nvictims lived in Asia and Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.00,0:01:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Completing the disaster management cycle.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.00,0:01:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cycle includes preparedness, response,\Nrecovery, and mitigation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.00,0:01:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is an evolutionary approach from response\Nand relief to risk reduction.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.00,0:01:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is Disaster Risk Reduction then?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.00,0:01:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is the conceptual framework of elements\Nwith possibilities to minimize vulnerabilities
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.00,0:01:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and disaster risks to avoid, (that is prevent)\Nor limit, (mitigate and prepare for) the adverse
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.00,0:01:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,impacts of hazards within the broad context\Nof sustainable development.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.00,0:02:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Risk management includes mitigation, preparedness,\Nresponse, and recovery.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.00,0:02:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Risk reduction, on the other hand, includes\Nmitigation and preparedness.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.00,0:02:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Risk reduction is more efficient, more cost-effective,\Nand more humane.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.00,0:02:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the risk reduction cycle.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.00,0:02:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From vulnerability analysis, hazard analysis,\Nto risk assessment, to risk reduction, which
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.00,0:02:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,includes hazard mitigation and vulnerability\Nreduction, and this results in sustainable
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.00,0:02:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,development and the cycle repeats.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.00,0:02:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The figure presents an approach to risk reduction.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.00,0:03:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The integrated emergency management approach\Nincludes hazard identification and risk assessment
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.00,0:03:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plus vulnerability analysis\Nwhich leads to setting priorities.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.00,0:03:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This goes to mitigation prevention strategies\Nwhich goes to reduce impact of diseases.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.00,0:03:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This continues to getting ready to go if the\Nhazard remains.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.00,0:03:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This results in preparedness education, contingency\Nplanning, effective response, and fast recovery.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.00,0:03:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All this is underlied by feedback at all stages.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.00,0:03:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Preparedness is actions that result in persons\Nknowing what to do and how to respond after
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.00,0:03:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disaster has occurred.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.00,0:03:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The approach to preparedness programs is that\Nit is long-term, it is part of a larger risk
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.00,0:04:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reduction program, comprehensive application\Nof sustainable development, all-hazards planned,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.00,0:04:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it should be multi-sectoral, it should be\Nuser-friendly and culturally sensitive and
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.00,0:04:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,specific.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.00,0:04:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Objectives of emergency preparedness include\Npreventing morbidity and mortality, care for
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.00,0:04:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,casualties, managing adverse climatic and\Nenvironment conditions, ensuring restoration
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.00,0:04:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of normal health, re-establishment of health\Nservices, protecting staff, and protecting
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.00,0:04:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,public health and medicinal assets.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.00,0:04:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mark Keim of the Center for Disease Control (CDC) proposes \N11 E's of emergency preparedness including economic incentive,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.00,0:04:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,epidemiology, enforcement of codes, emergency\Nplans, equipment stockpiling, education, exercise
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.00,0:05:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and drills, early warning, evacuation, evaluation,\Nand the use of electronics (e-health).
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.00,0:05:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Risk management.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.00,0:05:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is risk?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.00,0:05:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is the probability of suffering damage\Nto life, property, economic disruptions and
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.00,0:05:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,environment from a hazard for a given area\Nand reference period.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.00,0:05:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Risk is the product of hazard and vulnerability.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.00,0:05:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Risk management is defined as the process\Nof identifying, analyzing and quantifying
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.00,0:05:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the probability of losses in order to undertake\Npreventive and corrective actions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.00,0:05:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It involves mainly two types of activities;\Nplanning actions to reduce vulnerability in
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.00,0:05:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,areas where risk can be controlled, and establishing\Nprotective mechanisms against the potential
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.00,0:06:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,economic losses from uncontrollable factors\Nof natural hazards.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.00,0:06:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is disaster risk management about?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.00,0:06:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Disaster risk management entails efforts and\Nmeasures put in place to reduce risk in case
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.00,0:06:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a disaster happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.00,0:06:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is also about commitments related to disaster\Nand vulnerability reduction and improved early
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.00,0:06:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,warning.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.00,0:06:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since little can be done to prevent occurrence\Nof most natural disasters, actions and activities
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.00,0:06:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should focus on reducing existing and future\Nvulnerabilities to damage and loss.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.00,0:07:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are three primary and interrelated categories\Nin risk management: risk identification, risk
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.00,0:07:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reduction, and risk transfer.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.00,0:07:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are mostly related to pre-disaster phases\Nof disaster management.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.00,0:07:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pre-disaster phase of disaster risk management\Ninvolves four distinct but interrelated components:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.00,0:07:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,risk identification, risk reduction/mitigation,\Nrisk transfer and preparedness.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.00,0:07:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Risk identification is a thorough analysis\Nof existing vulnerabilities, location, severity
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.00,0:07:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,& intensity of threat.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.00,0:07:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The following activities help to identify\Nand understand natural hazard risk: hazard
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.00,0:07:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,data collection and mapping that is with regard\Nto frequency, magnitude and location, vulnerability
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.00,0:08:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,assessment (population and assets exposed),\Nrisk assessment (probability of expected losses).
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.00,0:08:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Risk reduction or prevention/mitigation are\Nmeasures taken to eliminate or reduce the
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.00,0:08:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intensity of a hazardous event.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.00,0:08:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These measures address existing vulnerabilities\Nthrough measures like early warning that include
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.00,0:08:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actions such as implementation and enforcement\Nof building standards, environmental protection
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.00,0:08:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,measures, resource management practices, and\Ncontrol of population activities that predispose
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.00,0:08:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to risk.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.00,0:08:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Key issues to note with risk management include:\Neven when effective disaster reduction measures
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.00,0:09:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are in place, there would often be an element\Nof risk that is residual.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.00,0:09:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Preparedness is an important component of disaster \Nrisk reduction which deals with residual and unmanaged
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.00,0:09:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,risk.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.00,0:09:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Risk transfer are mechanisms which aim at\Nreducing actual vulnerability in financial
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.00,0:09:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,risk in order to ensure that funds are available\Nwhen loss occurs from a disaster happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.00,0:09:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Risk transfer mechanisms are often inefficient\Nfrom cost perspective, so it is important
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.00,0:09:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to take all the necessary measures to reduce\Nthe vulnerability of assets to be covered
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.00,0:09:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before transferring the risk.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.00,0:09:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without getting into the details, the main\Nrisk transfer/ risk financing methods include
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.00,0:09:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,market insurance and reinsurance.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.00,0:10:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This insurance provides coverage for damage\Nand expenses that are beyond the potential
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.00,0:10:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for budget self-insurance.\NIt involves paying some premiums to an insurance
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.00,0:10:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,company.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.00,0:10:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And premiums are calculated in a way that\Nthey spread out the risk.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.00,0:10:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is not yet possible in many developing\Ncountries.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.00,0:10:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Risk transfer methods also include budget\Nself-insurance where a small proportion of
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.00,0:10:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the budget is allocated to be spent on improved\Nmaintenance.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.00,0:10:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This can be done at the local government level,\Nagency level, and even household level.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.00,0:10:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It also includes compensation policies, and\Nthey should target the most vulnerable populations
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.00,0:10:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and causes of vulnerability.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.00,0:11:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Community insurance includes cooperatives,\Ncommunity savings groups, community granaries,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.00,0:11:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,community policing, and resource conservation.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.00,0:11:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a viable mechanism of risk transfer in \Nresource constrained countries and societies.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.00,0:11:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are also household livelihood insurance\Nmechanisms like savings, food security, proper
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.00,0:11:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,settlement, and modern methods of production.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.00,0:11:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Hyogo Framework for Action assists the\Nefforts of nations and communities to become
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.00,0:11:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more resilient to and cope better with the\Nhazards they face.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.00,0:11:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although the primary responsibility for its\Nimplementation rests with governments, collaboration
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.00,0:12:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cooperation between all stakeholders in\Nmanaging the risk is crucial.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.00,0:12:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Hyogo Framework for Action commits governments\Nas well as regional, international and NGOs
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.00,0:12:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to; ensuring that disaster risk reduction\Nis a national and local priority, identifying,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.00,0:12:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,assessing, and monitoring disaster risks and\Nenhancing early warning, using knowledge,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.00,0:12:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,innovation and education to build a culture\Nof safety and resilience at all levels, reducing
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.00,0:12:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the underlying risk factors, and strengthening\Ndisaster preparedness for effective response
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.00,0:12:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at all levels (community, sub county, district,\Nregional and national levels).