WEBVTT

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What's a world issue that most
bothers you and makes you angry?

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The kind of issue that 
speaks to your heart

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and you'd like to see resolved.

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What issue is it?

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Start thinking about it for a bit
and shortly I'll tell you what mine is.

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Since my childhood, I wanted 
to do things differently,

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in a different way,

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and that turned me into 
a very inquisitive teenager

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very defensive of my own ideas
and of what I believed in.

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I was always passionate about nature

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which made me decide to be a biologist
early on at the age of 13.

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I felt that my contribution to this world

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would come through my love of nature.

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I was one of those people

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who would say they liked animals
more than people, you know?

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But over time I changed,
I think I matured,

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and when I finished college six years ago

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I knew I wouldn't be following that path,

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because the truth is 
you can't change the planet

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without changing the people.

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So I started to understand

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that the way we relate 
to ourselves and to others

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has everything to do with some patterns
we observe in our society

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and with many of the problems we face.

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The way we see others, 
how we listen to each other

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and how we connect
with each other has to change

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if we want to build
a more peaceful, sustainable,

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and cooperative world for everyone.

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And when I understood
that every transformation

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passes through us
and that our minds are powerful,

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I decided I wanted to study
how our brain works.

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So I started studying neuroscience,
and during my graduate studies

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the topic of empathy came to me
as my subject of study,

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almost like an intuition,
I can't really explain why.

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And at that time, I still had no idea
of the whole capacity of empathy,

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and I had no idea that this topic
would become my cause

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and would change the path of my career.

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In fact, I had no idea just how important
this topic would become to me,

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that inquisitive teenager,

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very defensive of her own ideas
as if they were absolute facts.

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So I started to study about empathy,

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which is our ability to put ourselves
in someone else's place;

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to embrace their view, in other words, 
to see the world through their eyes

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and share their feelings.

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That's when I discovered 
that real empathy

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actually breaks the majority
of our paradigms.

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You know that golden rule 
we're taught as children?

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"Treat others the way you would
like to be treated."

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Forget it. From now on, it's meaningless.

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Don't treat others the way
you would like to be treated.

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They could simply just have preferences
completely different to yours.

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Empathy is about understanding this.

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You know what empathy is: 
that cute, loving, maternal feeling

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that accepts everything?

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We’ll go far beyond that concept.

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Empathy is a powerful force.

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Empathy is what unites
us all as a society.

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We could even consider
that society, the way it is now,

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is not the society that people
want to live in,

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but I can guarantee you 
that, without empathy,

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we wouldn't be living in any society.

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Empathy is a revolutionary force

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that can help us change 
this world we live in,

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in the world we want to live in.

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It's truly a hard time for dreamers,

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and in these hard times, sometimes
it's not easy to talk about empathy.

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Sometimes people are led to believe

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that human beings
aren't empathetic by nature.

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Many historians, writers, and philosophers

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have written about the dark side
of human beings,

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the Machiavellian, self-centered side,

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and we can be led to believe,

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our society is leading people to believe,

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that this dark side might be bigger
and stronger than the good side,

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than the cooperative or generous side.

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I won't deny the events we see daily,
on TV, on newscasts,

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or even things that happen
in our daily lives,

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can confirm that belief,

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can make us think
that humans are self-centered.

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But that is where science comes in
to give people a little more hope,

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because neuroscience
has made many discoveries

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about how humans function
and how we relate to one another,

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and these discoveries have offered us
a new perspective on human beings.

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So, to begin with,

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neuroscience has proven
that we're empathetic by nature.

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We are social beings

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and we are made to live and benefit
from a harmonious society.

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We're born with structures, 
processes, brain connections

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that exist so that we can connect
with each other and express empathy.

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We start to manifest this as babies.

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You know when you have a baby
and you start making faces at them

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and suddenly they imitate your face,

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or you make a sound and suddenly
they start imitating those sounds?

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That baby is imitating you,

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and imitation is one
of the neural bases of empathy.

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We can empathize because
we are capable of imitation.

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This is possible because we have
a system of special neurons,

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known as the mirror neuron system,

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whose function is to recreate
and mirror, in our own brain,

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anything that we see in others.

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It could be an action,
a movement, or an emotion.

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We observe ourselves in others
and it's as if we were in their place.

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That's the reason why, if I were
to ask you right now

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to imagine a little cut
in the middle of your finger, like this,

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that came from a paper cut,

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and a drop of lemon juice 
right in the cut...

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I noticed some of your faces
and the way you reacted:

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you cringe, you make weird noises,

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because in that moment 
our mirror neuron system is working

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and it's as if it was happening
to your own body.

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That is also why we cry during sad films

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and it's why we can, somehow,

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feel what others feel,

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because we always mirror each other.

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Secondly, neuroscience shows us

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that, despite empathy
being innate, it can be trained,

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and this is possible due to
one of the most wonderful aspects

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of our brain, in my opinion:

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our brain is plastic.

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This means that it can mold
and adapt itself

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to all and any stimulation 
that we give it.

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That's why at any moment in your life

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you can learn new things.

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You can learn to speak a new language,
play a new instrument,

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or develop any skill you wish.

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With empathy, it's exactly the same thing:

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from now on, if you settle on

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training your empathy in a conscious way,

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your brain will start to develop
specific structures,

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it will start to make new neural routes,

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and over time empathy will become

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a more automatic
and natural process for you.

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So, cool. Science shows us
that we're born empathetic

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and that we can practice empathy.

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But for what?

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Why would we waste our time
practicing our empathy?

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Firstly, I think it's because
nobody lives alone in this world,

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and empathy can help us
have more profound relationships

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and more meaningful ones
with people around us.

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Secondly, because today empathy
has already been considered

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one of the important skills of the future,

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one of the important skills
of leadership of the future

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because it helps us improve
other very important skills.

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Empathy helps us to be
more creative, more innovative

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and to have a much faster
systemic thinking.

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When we can view a problem,
not just through our own perspective

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but through many different perspectives,

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the chances increase of us finding
a more effective solution for it.

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And in this world 
which is increasingly networked,

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increasingly connected,
increasingly cooperative,

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I think that these skills are fundamental.

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But I'll say it again:
empathy is even more than this.

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I asked you at the beginning

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what is a world problem 
that bothers you the most.

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Here we have a chart
with some of the world's problems.

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The problem you thought of
is probably here.

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If it's not here, tell me later
so I can add it.

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So, war, inequality, poverty,

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intolerance, machismo,
environmental issues.

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We have many current worldwide problems.

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If we start to analyze,

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we realize that these problems
aren't isolated from one another.

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They're all systemic, interconnected,

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and they always feed back into each other.

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And despite being different,
they have some things in common,

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they have some of the same causes,

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and I have no doubt that lack
of empathy is a common cause

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to all these problems.

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We can see this chart 
from two perspectives.

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From the negative perspective,
we can even become paralyzed from it,

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and say, "Wow, what a complex issue.

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What can I do to resolve a chart this big?

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How can I handle all this?"

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Or we can look at the positive side,
the side of solution,

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and think,

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"If lack of empathy is the root
to all of those problems,

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then we can imagine
that developing empathy

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may help us solve all those problems."

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I want to bring up a different concept,

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which is the concept
of acupuncture points.

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In Chinese medicine, acupuncture points
are points on our bodies

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that have a great concentration
of energy flow

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and, upon activating those points,
you're not resolving a specific problem,

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you're relieving the whole system.

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When we have very complex
systems like that one,

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in which we cannot take action
upon it directly,

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we need to find acupuncture points.

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If you tamper with that, 
you shake everything up.

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I really believe that empathy is one,

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if not the most important
point of acupuncture of our society

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that needs to be developed.

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When viewing this,
I discovered that is my problem,

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that's what keeps me up at night.

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Our crisis over relations has to do
with our lack of collectivity.

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How is it that our connection 
or lack of connection with some people

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came to cause these problems?

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How is it that some relations
are so fragile

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to the point of causing wars

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or violent conflicts,
caused by intolerance?

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This cannot happen,

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and this became my cause,
it became the subject of my work.

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Since then, I have tried
to take this subject,

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this broader vision
of empathy to many people

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and have tried to plant a little seed
of empathy in all of them.

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Just like me, there are lots of people
out there doing the same,

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using empathy as an inspiration
for social transformation.

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I wanted to briefly show three examples.

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There is an app,

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kind of like Tinder, but not only
for loving relationships,

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- you can find friends there too -

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that connects people on opposing
sides of political conflicts.

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What this app does,

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besides linking Israelis and Palestinians,
republicans and democrats,

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is bring people closer 
to what really matters,

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what they have in common,
not where they differ.

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Sometimes, empathy can also inspire
real life-changing experiences.

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TETO is an NGO

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that promotes the growth
of communities in need.

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Through TETO, young people,
normally from higher social classes,

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spend days immersed
in a community in need,

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building a house for a family.

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I was a volunteer for TETO for some time,

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and I can guarantee that, 
even more than building a home,

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the connection that exists between people,

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the experience and this deep 
sense of empathy

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transform you in a way 
that will change you forever.

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After an experience like that,

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you won't see poverty
or inequality in the same way.

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Sometimes empathy can even inspire
revolutions in technology.

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This is a virtual reality
project by the UN.

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The UN has created these films
in virtual reality,

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where you wear the headset
and you feel like you're really there.

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Through these films, you can live 
the experience of a child

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in a Syrian refugee camp,

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or you can visit an Ebola 
treatment center in Africa

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through the eyes of a volunteer nurse.

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Despite this experience
being virtual reality,

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it is extremely visceral

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and it also stays with you
as if you were really there.

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I wonder about the potential of this
on a larger scale.

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Imagine if everyone in the world
could connect in that way

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with people they'll never meet
in their lifetimes.

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And, more than that, imagine
if all the governors of the world,

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before making important decisions,

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could go through these experiences,
live the reality of those people.

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I'm confident that their choices
would be different.

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These are only some examples

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of people who are using empathy
as a source of inspiration.

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There are many, many others.

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I'm certain that many will show up here.

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All these examples
are, in fact, revolutions,

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peaceful and systemic revolutions,

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that are primarily changing our relations,

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to change that whole system later.

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In this whole process since starting 
to study empathy a few years ago,

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I've learned some things,

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with the workshops I've done,
with the conversations I've had,

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with people who see empathy
in a different way

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and with the processes of change
that I have followed.

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I want to share three of these lessons.

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The first is that empathy
is already in every one of us

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and it's already a part of our lives.

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We wouldn't be here, living 
in our societies, if it weren’t for that.

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Then I wonder,

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"If it’s already inside each of us
and it's already a part of our lives,

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then why are we not
practicing it more often?

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We worry so much about developing
all these professional skills,

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things that we think
will be important for our careers,

00:14:08.680 --> 00:14:12.759
and perhaps we're forgetting
one of the most important personal skills

00:14:12.759 --> 00:14:14.509
for the world today.

00:14:14.999 --> 00:14:20.290
Secondly, I learned that change 
begins within each of us,

00:14:20.290 --> 00:14:23.197
but that this isn’t sufficient.

00:14:23.197 --> 00:14:25.502
We need every transformed person

00:14:25.502 --> 00:14:27.852
to get out of the woodwork
and out into the world.

00:14:27.852 --> 00:14:32.584
Get off the couch and out into the world
to create new projects, new movements,

00:14:32.584 --> 00:14:35.011
or at least inspire new people,

00:14:35.011 --> 00:14:37.121
because we can't change
the world on our own,

00:14:37.121 --> 00:14:40.753
but, mainly, we can't change the world
just by looking inside.

00:14:40.753 --> 00:14:43.252
We need to look outside too.

00:14:43.252 --> 00:14:45.899
And finally and most importantly:

00:14:46.489 --> 00:14:49.141
it's very easy to start.

00:14:49.141 --> 00:14:51.591
The first step is very easy.

00:14:51.591 --> 00:14:53.825
Every person in this room
in this exact moment

00:14:53.825 --> 00:14:55.434
can start this revolution.

00:14:55.434 --> 00:15:00.674
Every person can take on the commitment
to adopt one new habit

00:15:00.674 --> 00:15:03.605
for more empathetic
relations and societies.

00:15:03.605 --> 00:15:06.814
It doesn't depend on anybody,
it only depends on each of us.

00:15:06.814 --> 00:15:10.208
And if we are constantly mirroring 
what we see in others,

00:15:10.208 --> 00:15:13.933
if our mirror neurons allow us to do so,

00:15:13.933 --> 00:15:17.987
could it be that, upon doing so,
we'd be inspiring others

00:15:17.987 --> 00:15:21.883
to also take up commitments
for new and more sustainable habits?

00:15:21.883 --> 00:15:23.269
I think so.

00:15:23.269 --> 00:15:29.152
And if more people adopt
new and more empathetic habits,

00:15:29.152 --> 00:15:32.174
could it be that, together, 
we’ll get nearer to having

00:15:32.174 --> 00:15:36.410
a more peaceful, sustainable,
and cooperative society?

00:15:36.410 --> 00:15:37.846
I think so.

00:15:37.846 --> 00:15:41.438
I really believe
in this revolution of empathy

00:15:41.438 --> 00:15:44.325
and I know the road is very, very long,

00:15:44.325 --> 00:15:47.671
but I think that the more people
believe in it together,

00:15:47.671 --> 00:15:49.769
the quicker we'll get there.

00:15:49.769 --> 00:15:51.005
Thank you.

00:15:51.005 --> 00:15:53.147
(Applause)