[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.15,0:00:03.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By raising your hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.59,0:00:07.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how many of you know\Nat least one person on the screen?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.37,0:00:10.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wow, it's almost a full house.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.26,0:00:12.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's true, they are very famous\Nin their fields.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.84,0:00:15.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And do you know what\Nall of them have in common?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.86,0:00:18.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They all died of pancreatic cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.80,0:00:21.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, although it's very,\Nvery sad this news,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.33,0:00:24.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's also thanks to their personal stories
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.12,0:00:28.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we have raised awareness\Nof how lethal this disease can be.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.27,0:00:31.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's become the third cause\Nof cancer deaths,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.67,0:00:37.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and only eight percent of the patients\Nwill survive beyond five years.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.22,0:00:39.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a very tiny number,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.16,0:00:41.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially if you compare it\Nwith breast cancer,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.94,0:00:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the survival rate\Nis almost 90 percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.95,0:00:48.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it doesn't really come as a surprise
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.34,0:00:50.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that being diagnosed\Nwith pancreatic cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.83,0:00:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,means facing an almost\Ncertain death sentence.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.10,0:00:57.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's shocking, though,\Nis that in the last 40 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.77,0:01:00.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this number hasn't changed a bit,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.17,0:01:02.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while much more progress has been made
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.30,0:01:03.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with other types of tumors.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.55,0:01:08.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how can we make pancreatic cancer\Ntreatment more effective?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.66,0:01:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a biomedical entrepreneur,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.59,0:01:13.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I like to work on problems\Nthat seem impossible,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.63,0:01:15.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,understanding their limitations
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.72,0:01:18.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and trying to find new,\Ninnovative solutions
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.81,0:01:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can change their outcome.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.04,0:01:23.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first piece of bad news\Nwith pancreatic cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.64,0:01:27.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that your pancreas is in the middle\Nof your belly, literally.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.13,0:01:29.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's depicted in orange on the screen.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.99,0:01:31.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you can barely see it
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.66,0:01:34.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until I remove all the other\Norgans in front.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.09,0:01:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also surrounded\Nby many other vital organs,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.11,0:01:41.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the liver, the stomach,\Nthe bile duct.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.25,0:01:44.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the ability of the tumor\Nto grow into those organs
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.69,0:01:46.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the reason why pancreatic cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.73,0:01:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one of the most painful tumor types.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.30,0:01:53.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The hard-to-reach location\Nalso prevents the doctor
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.48,0:01:55.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from surgically removing it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.22,0:01:58.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as is routinely done\Nfor breast cancer, for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.72,0:02:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So all of these reasons leave\Nchemotherapy as the only option
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.12,0:02:04.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the pancreatic cancer patient.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.74,0:02:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This brings us to the second\Npiece of bad news.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.58,0:02:11.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pancreatic cancer tumors have\Nvery few blood vessels.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.62,0:02:15.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why should we care\Nabout the blood vessel of a tumor?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.43,0:02:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's think for a second\Nhow chemotherapy works.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.92,0:02:20.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The drug is injected in the vein
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.84,0:02:25.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it navigates throughout the body\Nuntil it reaches the tumor site.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.50,0:02:29.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like driving on a highway,\Ntrying to reach a destination.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.08,0:02:33.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what if your destination\Ndoesn't have an exit on the highway?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.99,0:02:35.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You will never get there.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.64,0:02:37.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's exactly the same problem
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.79,0:02:40.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for chemotherapy and pancreatic cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.12,0:02:43.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The drugs navigate\Nthroughout all of your body.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.99,0:02:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They will reach healthy organs,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.42,0:02:50.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resulting in high toxic effect\Nfor the patients overall,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.26,0:02:52.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but very little will go to the tumor.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.80,0:02:55.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Therefore, the efficacy is very limited.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.52,0:03:01.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To me, it seems very counterintuitive\Nto have a whole-body treatment
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.36,0:03:03.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to target a specific organ.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.64,0:03:06.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, in the last 40 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.12,0:03:10.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of money, research\Nand effort have gone towards
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.47,0:03:14.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,finding new, powerful drugs\Nto treat pancreatic cancer,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.58,0:03:16.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but nothing has been done\Nin changing the way
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.01,0:03:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we deliver them to the patient.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.40,0:03:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So after two pieces of bad news,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.05,0:03:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to give you\Ngood news, hopefully.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.81,0:03:27.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With a collaborator at MIT
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.30,0:03:30.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Massachusetts\NGeneral Hospital in Boston,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.22,0:03:33.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have revolutionized\Nthe way we treat cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.16,0:03:36.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by making localized\Ndrug delivery a reality.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.97,0:03:40.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are basically parachuting you\Non top of your destination,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.98,0:03:43.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,avoiding your having to drive\Nall around the highway.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.91,0:03:49.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have embedded the drug\Ninto devices that look like this one.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.22,0:03:54.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are flexible enough\Nthat they can be folded
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.44,0:03:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to fit into the catheter,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.38,0:04:00.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so the doctor can implant it\Ndirectly on top of the tumor
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.20,0:04:02.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with minimally invasive surgery.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.60,0:04:06.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they are solid enough\Nthat once they are positioned
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.40,0:04:08.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on top of the tumor,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.11,0:04:09.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they will act as a cage.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.90,0:04:13.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They will actually\Nphysically prevent the tumor
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.08,0:04:14.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from entering other organs,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.78,0:04:17.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,controlling the metastasis.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.46,0:04:20.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The devices are also biodegradable.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.77,0:04:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means that once in the body,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.54,0:04:24.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they start dissolving,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.45,0:04:29.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,delivering the drug only locally,\Nslowly and more effectively
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.84,0:04:33.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than what is done with the current\Nwhole-body treatment.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.34,0:04:36.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In pre-clinical study,\Nwe have demonstrated
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.17,0:04:38.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this localized approach
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.20,0:04:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is able to improve by 12 times\Nthe response to treatment.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.76,0:04:45.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we took a drug that is already known
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.56,0:04:49.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by just delivering it locally\Nwhere it's needed the most,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.41,0:04:53.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we allow a response\Nthat is 12 times more powerful,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.09,0:04:55.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reducing the systemic toxic effect.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.04,0:05:01.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are working relentlessly to bring\Nthis technology to the next level.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.26,0:05:04.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are finalizing the pre-clinical testing
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.13,0:05:08.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the animal model required\Nprior to asking the FDA for approval
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.23,0:05:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for clinical trials.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.97,0:05:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Currently, the majority of patients\Nwill die from pancreatic cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.12,0:05:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are hoping that one day,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.98,0:05:21.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can reduce their pain,\Nextend their life
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.28,0:05:24.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and potentially make pancreatic cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.34,0:05:25.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a curable disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.26,0:05:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By rethinking the way we deliver the drug,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.00,0:05:32.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we don't only make it\Nmore powerful and less toxic,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.78,0:05:37.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are also opening the door\Nto finding new innovative solutions
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.59,0:05:40.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for almost all other impossible problems
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.33,0:05:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in pancreatic cancer patients and beyond.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.63,0:05:44.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.81,0:05:50.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)