[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.96,0:00:02.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me tell you a story.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.97,0:00:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's my first year as a new\Nhigh school science teacher,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.74,0:00:08.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm so eager.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.53,0:00:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm so excited, I'm pouring\Nmyself into my lesson plans.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.69,0:00:18.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I'm slowly coming\Nto this horrifying realization
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.55,0:00:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that my students just might\Nnot be learning anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.60,0:00:25.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This happens one day:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.34,0:00:28.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd just assigned my class\Nto read this textbook chapter
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.49,0:00:31.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about my favorite subject\Nin all of biology:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.24,0:00:34.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,viruses and how they attack.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.73,0:00:38.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I'm so excited\Nto discuss this with them,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.08,0:00:41.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I come in and I say,\N"Can somebody please explain
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.45,0:00:44.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the main ideas and why this is so cool?"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.81,0:00:46.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's silence.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.35,0:00:52.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, my favorite student,\Nshe looks me straight in the eye,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.34,0:00:54.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she says, "The reading sucked."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.26,0:00:56.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.52,0:00:58.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then she clarified.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.84,0:01:01.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She said, "You know what,\NI don't mean that it sucks.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.37,0:01:03.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean I didn't understand a word of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.43,0:01:06.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's boring, who cares, and it sucks."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.45,0:01:09.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.33,0:01:14.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These sympathetic smiles\Nspread all throughout the room now,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.22,0:01:19.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I realize that all of my other\Nstudents are in the same boat,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.06,0:01:22.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that maybe they took notes or memorized\Ndefinitions from the textbook,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.97,0:01:28.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not one of them\Nreally understood the main ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.07,0:01:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not one of them can tell me\Nwhy this stuff is so cool,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.74,0:01:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why it's so important.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.24,0:01:36.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm totally clueless.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.18,0:01:38.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have no idea what to do next.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.45,0:01:42.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the only thing I can think of is say,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.39,0:01:45.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Listen. Let me tell you a story.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.31,0:01:52.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The main characters in the story\Nare bacteria and viruses.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.36,0:01:55.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These guys are blown up\Na couple million times.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.83,0:01:58.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The real bacteria and viruses are so small
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.100,0:02:01.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can't see them without a microscope,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.28,0:02:03.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you guys might know\Nbacteria and viruses
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.41,0:02:04.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they both make us sick.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.54,0:02:07.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what a lot of people don't know
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.46,0:02:11.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that viruses\Ncan also make bacteria sick."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.06,0:02:14.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the story\Nthat I start telling my kids,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.56,0:02:17.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it starts out like a horror story.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.89,0:02:21.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once upon a time,\Nthere's this happy little bacterium.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.49,0:02:23.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't get too attached to him.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.98,0:02:25.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.70,0:02:28.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe he's floating around in your stomach
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.39,0:02:30.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or in some spoiled food somewhere,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.58,0:02:34.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all of a sudden,\Nhe starts to not feel so good.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.21,0:02:36.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe he ate something bad for lunch.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.82,0:02:39.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then things get really horrible,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.38,0:02:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as his skin rips apart,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.100,0:02:44.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he sees a virus\Ncoming out from his insides.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.50,0:02:49.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then it gets horrible\Nwhen he bursts open
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.08,0:02:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and an army of viruses\Nfloods out from his insides.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.64,0:02:56.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Ouch" is right.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.64,0:03:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you see this, and you're a bacterium,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.19,0:03:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is like your worst nightmare.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.41,0:03:05.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you're a virus and you see this,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.79,0:03:08.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you cross those little legs\Nof yours and you think,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.83,0:03:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We rock."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.73,0:03:15.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because it took a lot of crafty work\Nto infect this bacterium.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.17,0:03:17.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's what had to happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.99,0:03:21.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A virus grabbed onto a bacterium
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.19,0:03:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it slipped its DNA into it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.80,0:03:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next thing\Nis that virus DNA made stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.18,0:03:31.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that chopped up the bacteria DNA.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.44,0:03:34.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now that we've gotten rid\Nof the bacteria DNA,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.90,0:03:38.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the virus DNA takes control of the cell
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.73,0:03:42.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it tells it to start\Nmaking more viruses.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.35,0:03:46.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because, you see, DNA is like a blueprint
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.56,0:03:48.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that tells living things what to make.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.16,0:03:53.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is kind of like going\Ninto a car factory
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.57,0:03:58.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and replacing the blueprints\Nwith blueprints for killer robots.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.26,0:04:02.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The workers still come\Nthe next day, they do their job,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.23,0:04:04.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they're following\Ndifferent instructions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.52,0:04:09.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So replacing the bacteria\NDNA with virus DNA
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.30,0:04:14.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turns the bacteria into a factory\Nfor making viruses --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.15,0:04:17.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is, until it's so filled\Nwith viruses that it bursts.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.90,0:04:22.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that's not the only way\Nthat viruses infect bacteria.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.82,0:04:26.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some are much more crafty.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.31,0:04:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.99,0:04:33.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When a secret agent virus\Ninfects a bacterium,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.80,0:04:35.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they do a little espionage.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.24,0:04:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, this cloaked, secret agent virus
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.36,0:04:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is slipping his DNA\Ninto the bacterial cell,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.15,0:04:44.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but here's the kicker:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.77,0:04:48.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't do anything\Nharmful -- not at first.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.04,0:04:54.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, it silently slips\Ninto the bacteria's own DNA,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.62,0:04:59.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it just stays there\Nlike a terrorist sleeper cell,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.34,0:05:01.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,waiting for instructions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.21,0:05:07.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what's interesting about this is now,\Nwhenever this bacteria has babies,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.94,0:05:13.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the babies also have\Nthe virus DNA in them.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.75,0:05:17.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now we have a whole\Nextended bacteria family,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.61,0:05:20.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,filled with virus sleeper cells.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.11,0:05:25.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're just happily living together\Nuntil a signal happens
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.88,0:05:30.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bam! -- all of the DNA pops out.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.34,0:05:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It takes control of these cells,\Nturns them into virus-making factories,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.01,0:05:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they all burst,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.82,0:05:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a huge, extended bacteria family,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.55,0:05:41.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all dying with viruses\Nspilling out of their guts,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.69,0:05:44.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the viruses taking over the bacterium.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.66,0:05:50.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now you understand\Nhow viruses can attack cells.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.76,0:05:52.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are two ways:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.38,0:05:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the left is what we call the lytic way,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.37,0:05:58.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the viruses go right in\Nand take over the cells.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.28,0:06:02.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the [right] is the lysogenic way
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.37,0:06:04.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that uses secret agent viruses.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.94,0:06:08.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this stuff is not that hard, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.22,0:06:10.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now all of you understand it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.24,0:06:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you've graduated from high school,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.26,0:06:15.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can almost guarantee\Nyou've seen this information before.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.55,0:06:20.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I bet it was presented in a way\Nthat it didn't exactly stick in your mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.12,0:06:25.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when my students\Nwere first learning this,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.61,0:06:27.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why did they hate it so much?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.95,0:06:30.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, there were a couple of reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.11,0:06:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First of all, I can guarantee you
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.28,0:06:35.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you that their textbooks\Ndidn't have secret agent viruses,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.69,0:06:38.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they didn't have horror stories.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.68,0:06:41.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, in the communication of science,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.41,0:06:45.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is this obsession with seriousness.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.46,0:06:47.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It kills me. I'm not kidding.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.58,0:06:49.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I used to work\Nfor an educational publisher,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.84,0:06:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as a writer, I was always told\Nnever to use stories
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.52,0:06:55.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or fun, engaging language,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.43,0:07:00.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because then my work might not be viewed\Nas "serious" and "scientific."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.85,0:07:03.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, because God\Nforbid somebody have fun
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.94,0:07:05.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they're learning science.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.74,0:07:10.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have this field of science\Nthat's all about slime
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.60,0:07:12.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and color changes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.96,0:07:14.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Check this out.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.50,0:07:28.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we have, of course,\Nas any good scientist has to have ...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.12,0:07:30.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,explosions!
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.90,0:07:36.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if a textbook seems too much fun,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.59,0:07:39.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's somehow unscientific.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.51,0:07:43.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now another problem
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.34,0:07:49.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that the language in their textbook\Nwas truly incomprehensible.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.72,0:07:52.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we want to summarize that story\Nthat I told you earlier,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.53,0:07:53.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could start by saying,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.84,0:07:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"These viruses make copies of themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.00,0:07:58.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by slipping their DNA into a bacterium."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.00,0:08:02.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The way this showed up in the textbook,\Nit looked like this:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.37,0:08:05.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Bacteriophage replication is initiated
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.61,0:08:10.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the introduction of viral\Nnucleic acid into a bacterium."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.96,0:08:15.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's great, perfect for 13-year-olds.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.05,0:08:17.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But here's the thing:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.26,0:08:19.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are plenty of people\Nin science education
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.83,0:08:21.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who would look\Nat this and say there's no way
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.01,0:08:24.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we could ever give that to students,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.45,0:08:28.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it contains some language\Nthat isn't completely accurate.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.67,0:08:32.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, I told you\Nthat viruses have DNA.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.52,0:08:35.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, a very tiny fraction of them don't.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.15,0:08:37.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have something called RNA instead.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.46,0:08:40.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So a professional science writer\Nwould say, "That has to go.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.79,0:08:43.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to change it to something\Nmuch more technical."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.40,0:08:46.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And after a team\Nof professional science editors
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.16,0:08:49.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,went over this really simple explanation,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.99,0:08:54.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'd find fault\Nwith almost every word I've used,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.42,0:08:57.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they'd have to change anything\Nthat wasn't serious enough,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.35,0:08:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they'd have to change everything
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.09,0:09:01.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that wasn't 100 percent perfect.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.54,0:09:04.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then it would be accurate,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.43,0:09:08.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it would be completely\Nimpossible to understand.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.30,0:09:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is horrifying.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.55,0:09:16.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, I keep talking\Nabout this idea of telling a story,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.45,0:09:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's like science communication\Nhas taken on this idea
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.04,0:09:24.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what I call the tyranny of precision,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.12,0:09:26.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you can't just tell a story.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.28,0:09:31.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like science has become\Nthat horrible storyteller that we all know
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.92,0:09:34.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who gives us all the details\Nnobody cares about,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.54,0:09:38.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you're like, "Oh, I met\Nmy friend for lunch the other day,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.38,0:09:40.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she was wearing these ugly jeans.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.20,0:09:43.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, they weren't really jeans,\Nthey were more like leggings,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.23,0:09:45.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I guess they're actually\Nkind of more like jeggings,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.88,0:09:50.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're just like,\N"Oh my God. What is the point?"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.78,0:09:54.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or even worse,\Nscience education is becoming
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.76,0:09:57.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like that guy who always says, "Actually."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.74,0:10:00.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You want to be like,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.62,0:10:03.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Oh, dude, we had to get up\Nin the middle of the night
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.75,0:10:06.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and drive a hundred miles\Nin total darkness."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.46,0:10:11.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that guy's like,\N"Actually, it was 87.3 miles."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.14,0:10:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you're like, "Actually, shut up!\NI'm just trying to tell a story."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.47,0:10:23.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because good storytelling\Nis all about emotional connection.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.01,0:10:26.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to convince our audience
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.56,0:10:28.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that what we're talking about matters.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.54,0:10:34.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But just as important is knowing\Nwhich details we should leave out
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.80,0:10:37.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that the main point still comes across.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.28,0:10:41.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm reminded of what the architect\NMies van der Rohe said,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.29,0:10:44.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I paraphrase,\Nwhen he said that sometimes,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.68,0:10:47.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to lie\Nin order to tell the truth.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.24,0:10:52.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think this sentiment is particularly\Nrelevant to science education.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.95,0:11:01.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, finally, I am often so disappointed
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.74,0:11:06.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when people think that I'm advocating\Na dumbing down of science.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.95,0:11:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's not true at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.65,0:11:11.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm currently a Ph.D. student at MIT,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.45,0:11:16.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I absolutely understand\Nthe importance of detailed,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.45,0:11:21.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,specific scientific\Ncommunication between experts,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.35,0:11:24.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not when we're trying\Nto teach 13-year-olds.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.86,0:11:30.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If a young learner\Nthinks that all viruses have DNA,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.95,0:11:34.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's not going to ruin\Ntheir chances of success in science.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.47,0:11:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if a young learner\Ncan't understand anything in science
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.04,0:11:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and learns to hate it because it\Nall sounds like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.00,0:11:46.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will ruin their chances of success.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.76,0:11:50.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This needs to stop ...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.12,0:11:54.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I wish that the change could come\Nfrom the institutions at the top
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.94,0:11:56.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are perpetuating these problems,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.72,0:12:00.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I beg them,\NI beseech them to just stop it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.53,0:12:03.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think that's unlikely.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.51,0:12:07.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we are so lucky that we have resources
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.07,0:12:10.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the Internet, where we can\Ncircumvent these institutions
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.23,0:12:12.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the bottom up.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.59,0:12:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a growing number\Nof online resources
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.50,0:12:19.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are dedicated\Nto just explaining science
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.83,0:12:22.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in simple, understandable ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.93,0:12:25.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I dream of a Wikipedia-like website
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.31,0:12:29.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would explain\Nany scientific concept you can think of
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.04,0:12:32.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in simple language\Nany middle schooler can understand.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.52,0:12:36.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I myself spend most of my free time
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.99,0:12:40.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making these science videos\Nthat I put on YouTube.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.61,0:12:42.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I explain chemical equilibrium
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.85,0:12:46.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using analogies to awkward\Nmiddle school dances,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.35,0:12:48.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I talk about fuel cells
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.08,0:12:51.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with stories about boys and girls\Nat a summer camp.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.25,0:12:55.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The feedback that I get\Nis sometimes misspelled
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.67,0:12:57.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's often written in LOLcats,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.84,0:12:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.08,0:13:04.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but nonetheless,\Nit's so appreciative, so thankful
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.02,0:13:11.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I know this is the right way\Nwe should be communicating science.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.07,0:13:15.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's still so much work\Nleft to be done, though,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.14,0:13:18.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you're involved\Nwith science in any way,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.41,0:13:20.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I urge you to join me.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.10,0:13:26.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pick up a camera, start\Nto write a blog, whatever,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.48,0:13:29.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but leave out the seriousness,\Nleave out the jargon.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.33,0:13:33.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Make me laugh. Make me care.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.72,0:13:37.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Leave out those annoying details\Nthat nobody cares about
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.30,0:13:39.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just get to the point.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.05,0:13:42.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How should you start?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.91,0:13:46.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why don't you say,\N"Listen, let me tell you a story."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.06,0:13:49.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.