[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.24,0:00:12.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyone has something\Nthat motivates them.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.77,0:00:14.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For some people \Nit's money.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.52,0:00:16.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For some,\Nit may be recognition,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.76,0:00:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and others,\Nmaybe chocolate.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.50,0:00:22.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're one \Nof my research animals,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.26,0:00:24.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's the beloved Froot Loop.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.22,0:00:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They absolutely love \Nthese as treats.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.00,0:00:29.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're easy for them \Nto put in their mouth,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.02,0:00:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and most importantly,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.50,0:00:32.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're packed with sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.25,0:00:36.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In our lab, we study\Nthe brain chemical dopamine.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.75,0:00:38.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dopamine is involved in movement,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.75,0:00:41.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most notably implicated\Nin Parkinson's disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.78,0:00:44.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,motivation and reward.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.75,0:00:45.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We study dopamine
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.79,0:00:48.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in relation to learning\Nand memory tasks.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.78,0:00:51.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our rats learn\Nto run in a maze,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.26,0:00:53.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if they complete\Nthe task correctly,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.75,0:00:56.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they receive \Na food reward at the end.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.51,0:01:00.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We study and record\Nwhen dopamine is released
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.53,0:01:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the rats are completing\Nthis task.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.76,0:01:06.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look, he is even smiling!\N(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.77,0:01:10.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dopamine helps activate\Nthe learning centers in the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.02,0:01:11.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if dopamine is released
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.79,0:01:13.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as you're learning something,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.23,0:01:16.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will help you \Nremember that information
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.73,0:01:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at a later date.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.04,0:01:20.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.28,0:01:23.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had a chemistry professor \Non the very first day of class,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.26,0:01:27.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do an intense reaction\Nwith lots of flames and smoke.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.24,0:01:28.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He then explained
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.76,0:01:32.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how and why this chemical \Nreaction took place.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.27,0:01:33.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This reaction was done
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.50,0:01:35.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just using regular \Ntap water and sodium.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.51,0:01:39.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After he explained \Nhow this reaction worked,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.24,0:01:41.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll never forget exactly
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.23,0:01:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how those electrons\Nare moved in that reaction.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.49,0:01:49.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is likely that as this reaction\Nwas taking place,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.26,0:01:51.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dopamine was being released\Nin my brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.52,0:01:54.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, since I don't have\Nany of our lab's electrodes
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.25,0:01:57.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,placed in my brain,\Nwe won't know for sure.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.25,0:02:00.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the left\Nis a picture of the electrodes
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.26,0:02:01.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we build in our lab.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.77,0:02:05.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The electrode end consists \Nof a single strand of carbon fiber.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.26,0:02:09.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about one-tenth the diameter\Nof the strand of human hair.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.52,0:02:11.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We then implant these electrodes
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.25,0:02:13.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in freely moving animals,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.25,0:02:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and record\Nwhen dopamine is released,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.80,0:02:18.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they complete maze tasks.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.74,0:02:21.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you can see,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.76,0:02:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the rat brain is very small.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.50,0:02:25.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about the size of a nickel.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.25,0:02:27.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the area of the brain\Nthat we're trying to reach,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.65,0:02:29.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is about the size of a pea.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.78,0:02:32.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We implant these electrodes\Nin an area of the brain,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.50,0:02:37.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's known to have\Na high number of dopamine neurons.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.77,0:02:41.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of my main hobbies \Nis photography.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.27,0:02:43.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, \Nfor the background of my talk,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.04,0:02:45.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought I would take you\Nall on a tour of my lab,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.76,0:02:47.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by way of my photography.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.49,0:02:50.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are just\Na few of the things
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.26,0:02:51.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we use in our lab
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.52,0:02:54.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help us record dopamine.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.76,0:02:59.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what can we do \Nto increase dopamine in our brain?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.76,0:03:02.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Exercise, is a great way\Nto increase dopamine.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.74,0:03:05.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Exercise will increase \Ndopamine release in your brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.75,0:03:07.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as other neurochemicals,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.75,0:03:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as endorphins
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.76,0:03:11.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are the brain's \Nnatural painkillers.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.49,0:03:12.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eating properly,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.77,0:03:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is another great way \Nto increase dopamine.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.01,0:03:17.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Specifically, \Neating foods rich in tyrosine,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.51,0:03:19.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a precursor to dopamine,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.76,0:03:22.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will help, increase the available \Ndopamine in the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.75,0:03:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Foods rich in tyrosine
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.24,0:03:26.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,include things such as: Avocados,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.24,0:03:28.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,almonds and bananas.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.50,0:03:31.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another great way \Nto release dopamine,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.51,0:03:33.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is doing something \Nrewarding to you.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.50,0:03:34.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This can be something
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.74,0:03:37.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as easy as checking something \Noff your to-do list,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.08,0:03:40.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or perhaps volunteering\Nat a community center.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.23,0:03:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.74,0:03:44.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of my personal favorite ways,\Nto increase dopamine,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.75,0:03:47.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is sex.\N(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.50,0:03:52.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sex releases many beneficial\Nchemicals in the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.03,0:03:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in addition to dopamine,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.50,0:03:54.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as oxytocin,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.75,0:03:57.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is implicated \Nin human bonding.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.25,0:03:58.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Serotonin,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.25,0:04:01.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which relates to happiness\Nand a feeling of well-being.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.74,0:04:03.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And norepinephrine,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.26,0:04:04.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which increases alertness.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.77,0:04:07.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how can we use\Nthis information?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.53,0:04:09.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Professors can develop \Nnew and exciting ways,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.77,0:04:12.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to deliver information to students.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.27,0:04:14.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't have \Nto be as exciting
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.25,0:04:15.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as involving flames and explosions
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.77,0:04:18.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like my chemistry professor.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.23,0:04:19.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can be as simple as\N
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.75,0:04:21.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having students \Ndo a hands-on experience,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.77,0:04:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or perhaps using\Nthe students as props
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.26,0:04:27.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to explain a difficult concept.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.50,0:04:30.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Professors, get away\Nfrom the traditional monologue lectures.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.74,0:04:32.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It'll be more rewarding\Nfor you,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.77,0:04:36.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and will stimulate the students\Nto promote long-term learning.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.24,0:04:39.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's get\Nthose dopamine neurons firing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.23,0:04:41.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.\N(Applause)