[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.12,0:00:11.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1997, \Nin a game between France and Brazil,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.33,0:00:14.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a young Brazilian player\Nnamed Roberto Carlos
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.39,0:00:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,set up for a 35 meter free kick.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.50,0:00:19.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With no direct line to the goal,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.55,0:00:23.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carlos decided to attempt \Nthe seemingly impossible.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.86,0:00:27.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His kick sent the ball flying\Nwide of the players,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.07,0:00:30.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but just before going out of bounds,\Nit hooked to the left
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.96,0:00:33.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and soared into the goal.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.08,0:00:35.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to Newton's first law of motion,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.88,0:00:39.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an object will move \Nin the same direction and velocity
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.25,0:00:42.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until a force is applied on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.08,0:00:45.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When Carlos kicked the ball,\Nhe gave it direction and velocity,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.93,0:00:48.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what force made the ball swerve
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.70,0:00:53.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and score one of the most magnificent \Ngoals in the history of the sport?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.58,0:00:55.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The trick was in the spin.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.83,0:00:59.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carlos placed his kick\Nat the lower right corner of the ball,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.52,0:01:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sending it high and to the right,\Nbut also rotating around its axis.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.14,0:01:08.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ball started its flight\Nin an apparently direct route,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.22,0:01:12.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with air flowing on both sides\Nand slowing it down.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.05,0:01:16.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On one side, the air moved in the opposite\Ndirection to the ball's spin,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.99,0:01:18.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,causing increased pressure,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.89,0:01:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while on the other side, the air moved\Nin the same direction as the spin,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.04,0:01:26.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,creating an area of lower pressure.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.11,0:01:30.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That difference made the ball curve\Ntowards the lower pressure zone.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.93,0:01:34.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This phenomenon is called\Nthe Magnus effect.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.30,0:01:37.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This type of kick, \Noften referred to as a banana kick,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.67,0:01:39.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is attempted regularly,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.53,0:01:43.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it is one of the elements\Nthat makes the beautiful game beautiful.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.58,0:01:45.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But curving the ball \Nwith the precision needed
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.93,0:01:51.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to both bend around the wall\Nand back into the goal is difficult.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.06,0:01:53.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Too high and it soars over the goal.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.31,0:01:56.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Too low and it hits the ground \Nbefore curving.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.59,0:01:59.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Too wide and it never reaches the goal.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.09,0:02:02.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not wide enough \Nand the defenders intercept it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.59,0:02:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Too slow and it hooks too early,\Nor not at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.07,0:02:09.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Too fast and it hooks too late.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.09,0:02:10.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The same physics make it possible
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.98,0:02:14.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to score another \Napparently impossible goal,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.39,0:02:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an unassisted corner kick.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.50,0:02:21.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Magnus effect was first documented\Nby Sir Isaac Newton
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.03,0:02:26.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after he noticed it while playing a game\Nof tennis back in 1670.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.26,0:02:30.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It also applies to golf balls,\Nfrisbees and baseballs.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.22,0:02:33.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In every case, the same thing happens.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.14,0:02:37.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ball's spin creates a pressure \Ndifferential in the surrounding air flow
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.63,0:02:40.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that curves it \Nin the direction of the spin.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.65,0:02:41.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here's a question.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.97,0:02:44.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Could you theoretically \Nkick a ball hard enough
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.45,0:02:48.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make it boomerang \Nall the way around back to you?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.29,0:02:50.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sadly, no.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.14,0:02:52.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even if the ball didn't \Ndisintegrate on impact,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.67,0:02:54.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or hit any obstacles,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.31,0:02:55.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the air slowed it,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.79,0:02:58.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the angle of its deflection \Nwould increase,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.90,0:03:02.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,causing it to spiral into smaller \Nand smaller circles
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.66,0:03:05.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until finally stopping.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.29,0:03:07.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And just to get that spiral,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.03,0:03:11.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'd have to make the ball spin\Nover 15 times faster
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.10,0:03:13.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than Carlos's immortal kick.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.90,0:03:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So good luck with that.