0:00:08.373,0:00:10.578
Ladies and gentlemen, please welcome

0:00:10.578,0:00:12.711
the chair of Wikimania 2012,

0:00:12.711,0:00:14.996
James Hare.

0:00:14.996,0:00:24.039
[applause]

0:00:24.039,0:00:25.815
Good morning everyone.

0:00:25.815,0:00:28.260
On behalf of Wikimedia District of Columbia

0:00:28.260,0:00:29.808
I would like to welcome all of you

0:00:29.808,0:00:32.256
to Wikimania 2012.

0:00:32.256,0:00:41.793
[applause]

0:00:41.793,0:00:44.920
I would like to thank our partners and collaborators:

0:00:44.920,0:00:47.778
the US Department of State Office of E-Diplomacy,

0:00:47.778,0:00:49.262
the Library of Congress,

0:00:49.262,0:00:50.890
the Wikimedia Foundation,

0:00:50.890,0:00:52.565
Wikimedia Deutschland,

0:00:52.565,0:00:55.077
the National Archives and Records Administration,

0:00:55.077,0:00:58.264
OpenHatch, the Broadcasting Board of Governors,

0:00:58.264,0:00:59.364
for working with us to make

0:00:59.364,0:01:01.136
this conference possible.

0:01:01.136,0:01:09.422
[applause]

0:01:09.422,0:01:11.185
I would also like to thank our sponsors:

0:01:11.185,0:01:15.165
Google, Ask.com, Zoomph, the Encyclopedia of Life,

0:01:15.165,0:01:17.630
the Richard Lounsbery Foundation, Wikia,

0:01:17.630,0:01:19.842
the Saylor Foundation and wikiHow

0:01:19.842,0:01:21.900
for their generous contributions.

0:01:21.900,0:01:27.896
[applause]

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Finally, I would like to thank

0:01:29.054,0:01:31.131
our incredible conference organizing team

0:01:31.131,0:01:33.139
which has been working in one way or another

0:01:33.139,0:01:37.333
since January 22nd 2011 to make

0:01:37.333,0:01:39.130
this conference possible.

0:01:39.130,0:01:41.895
Nicholas Bashour, Katie Filbert, Tiffany Smith,

0:01:41.895,0:01:45.288
Orsolya Virág, Deror Lin, Sage Ross,

0:01:45.288,0:01:47.732
Chad Horohoe, and our legion of volunteers

0:01:47.732,0:01:49.535
all led by Danny B.

0:01:49.535,0:01:58.084
[cheers and applause]

0:01:58.084,0:01:59.165
I would also like to point out

0:01:59.165,0:02:00.367
that during this conference there will be

0:02:00.367,0:02:02.631
many side events taking place during the evening.

0:02:02.631,0:02:04.679
Tonight we have GLAM Night Out at the Newseum

0:02:04.679,0:02:06.367
and the official Wikimania Happy Hour

0:02:06.367,0:02:08.524
sponsored by Zoomph at Tonic.

0:02:08.524,0:02:09.738
Check out the information desk on the

0:02:09.738,0:02:11.205
third floor of the Marvin Center if you'd

0:02:11.205,0:02:16.526
like to learn more about our side events.

0:02:16.526,0:02:17.883
I'm glad you could join us this morning

0:02:17.883,0:02:19.285
with this excellent weather.

0:02:19.285,0:02:21.614
You see, I edited the Wikipedia article

0:02:21.614,0:02:23.026
on DC summers to say that

0:02:23.026,0:02:25.671
we don't have 100 degree heat waves

0:02:25.671,0:02:27.759
and apparently it worked!

0:02:27.759,0:02:32.907
[laughter and applause]

0:02:32.907,0:02:34.855
If you have attended a previous Wikimania

0:02:34.855,0:02:36.103
welcome back!

0:02:36.103,0:02:37.492
If this is your first Wikimania,

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I'd like to introduce you to the

0:02:38.798,0:02:40.508
events of the next few days.

0:02:40.508,0:02:42.521
Wikimania is where you go to meet the people

0:02:42.521,0:02:44.847
who work on Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

0:02:44.847,0:02:47.122
which is maintained by volunteers

0:02:47.122,0:02:49.756
and operated by the Wikimedia Foundation

0:02:49.756,0:02:52.823
That's Wikimedia with an "M".

0:02:52.823,0:02:56.877
The Wikimedia Foundation is a non-profit organization

0:02:56.877,0:02:59.673
that runs Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikiquote,

0:02:59.673,0:03:03.637
Wikibooks, Wikisource, Wikinews, Wikiversity,

0:03:03.637,0:03:06.096
Wikispecies, the MediaWiki software project,

0:03:06.096,0:03:08.966
Wikimedia Commons, and I'd like to introduce

0:03:08.966,0:03:12.557
our latest project under development, WikiData.

0:03:12.557,0:03:18.602
[applause]

0:03:18.602,0:03:20.743
Volunteers for all these projects and more

0:03:20.743,0:03:23.066
will be here today, discussing their latest findings,

0:03:23.066,0:03:25.933
and pondering the future of the Wikimedia projects.

0:03:25.933,0:03:30.016
It is going to be an exciting four days.

0:03:30.016,0:03:32.446
But first I would like to introduce our first speaker

0:03:32.446,0:03:33.846
Dawn Nunziato.

0:03:33.846,0:03:35.922
Professor Nunziato is an internationally recognized

0:03:35.922,0:03:39.450
expert in the area of free speech and the Internet.

0:03:39.450,0:03:41.646
Her primary teaching and scholarship interests

0:03:41.646,0:03:45.234
are in the areas of Internet law, free speech and digital copyright.

0:03:45.234,0:03:46.599
She recently published her book

0:03:46.599,0:03:49.932
"Virtual Freedom: Net Neutrality and Free Speech in the Internet Age"

0:03:49.932,0:03:51.710
and has lectured and written extensively on

0:03:51.710,0:03:53.880
issues involving free speech and the Internet.

0:03:53.880,0:03:57.107
Ladies and gentlemen, Professor Dawn Nunziato.

0:03:57.107,0:04:01.107
[applause]

0:04:06.724,0:04:09.795
Good morning and thank you for that kind welcome.

0:04:09.795,0:04:12.530
On behalf of GW Law School

0:04:12.530,0:04:16.808
I'd like to welcome you all to our Lisner auditorium.

0:04:16.808,0:04:19.160
It's a great honor for GW Law School

0:04:19.160,0:04:21.737
to partner with the Department of State

0:04:21.737,0:04:25.329
on important and exciting events like this one.

0:04:25.329,0:04:29.118
And GW Law School, under our relatively new dean,

0:04:29.118,0:04:32.481
Paul Berman, is particularly committed to

0:04:32.481,0:04:36.845
bridging the gap between the ivory tower of academia

0:04:36.845,0:04:42.616
and the real world of law and policy and practice.

0:04:42.616,0:04:44.842
We're particularly committed to capitalizing

0:04:44.842,0:04:48.502
on our location in the nation's capital

0:04:48.502,0:04:51.998
and are very honored to sponsor and support

0:04:51.998,0:04:54.021
events like this.

0:04:54.021,0:04:58.154
As we said, at GW Law, professors like myself

0:04:58.154,0:05:01.651
are particularly focused on cyberlaw issues.

0:05:01.651,0:05:06.966
I teach in the area of Internet law, digital copyright

0:05:06.966,0:05:08.719
and free speech.

0:05:08.719,0:05:12.981
And toward that end with Microsoft's generous support

0:05:12.981,0:05:16.456
my colleague Artuno Carrillo and I created

0:05:16.456,0:05:19.179
a program and a speaker series

0:05:19.179,0:05:22.352
on global Internet freedom and human rights.

0:05:22.352,0:05:24.363
We're very excited to be sponsoring

0:05:24.363,0:05:25.742
a number of speakers in connection with

0:05:25.742,0:05:27.110
that speaker series:

0:05:27.110,0:05:29.986
Vint Cerf is going to come and speak to us

0:05:29.986,0:05:31.663
in a couple of months;

0:05:31.663,0:05:35.487
Ai Weiwei, Chinese human rights activist,

0:05:35.487,0:05:38.506
is hopefully going to be let out of China

0:05:38.506,0:05:42.252
to come speak to us on global Internet freedom issues;

0:05:42.252,0:05:44.323
we sponsored Rebecca MacKinnon,

0:05:44.323,0:05:46.941
the author of "Consent of the Networked",

0:05:46.941,0:05:50.272
an Internet free speech activist,

0:05:50.272,0:05:52.639
last year as part of the Distinguished Speaker Series,

0:05:52.639,0:05:54.728
so we're really excited about that.

0:05:54.728,0:05:59.377
GW Law was recently chosen to be the new home

0:05:59.377,0:06:02.688
of the Federal Communications Law Journal,

0:06:02.688,0:06:04.253
we look forward to working with the

0:06:04.253,0:06:06.418
Federal Communications Bar here in DC

0:06:06.418,0:06:09.181
on cutting-edge issues of communications law.

0:06:09.181,0:06:13.865
And in connection with that, FCC Chairman Genachowski

0:06:13.865,0:06:15.328
is going to come to speak to us

0:06:15.328,0:06:18.595
to launch that new journal in a few months.

0:06:18.595,0:06:22.073
So we're very active on these types of issues

0:06:22.073,0:06:25.259
and we're very exciting to be sponsoring

0:06:25.259,0:06:28.061
and supporting events like these.

0:06:28.061,0:06:30.525
I'm also very proud of the work of my colleagues

0:06:30.525,0:06:33.884
Dan Solove and Orin Kerr,

0:06:33.884,0:06:35.315
who you may be familiar with,

0:06:35.315,0:06:37.215
who are leaders in the areas of

0:06:37.215,0:06:40.348
Internet privacy and cybercrime.

0:06:40.348,0:06:41.404
So we've got a lot going on here

0:06:41.404,0:06:44.763
at GW Law, and in particular our new dean,

0:06:44.763,0:06:49.676
Paul Berman, is a world-reknowned expert in Internet law issues

0:06:49.676,0:06:52.249
and the author of a well-regarded casebook

0:06:52.249,0:06:54.473
on the subject.

0:06:54.473,0:06:57.665
So once again welcome to all of you

0:06:57.665,0:07:00.105
and on with the show!

0:07:00.105,0:07:05.320
[applause]

0:07:05.320,0:07:07.438
At Wikimania we have the great privilege

0:07:07.438,0:07:09.550
of working with the US Department of State

0:07:09.550,0:07:11.141
for our Tech@State track.

0:07:11.141,0:07:14.488
Our next speaker Richard Boly is a career US diplomat

0:07:14.488,0:07:17.102
and the current Director of the Office of eDiplomacy

0:07:17.102,0:07:21.037
an applied technology think tank for the US Department of State.

0:07:21.037,0:07:23.138
Previously he was a National Security Affairs Fellow

0:07:23.138,0:07:25.722
at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University

0:07:25.722,0:07:28.259
where he launched a global entrepreneurship program.

0:07:28.259,0:07:30.263
Ladies and gentlemen, Richard Boly.

0:07:30.263,0:07:38.325
[applause]

0:07:38.325,0:07:41.726
Good morning Wikipedians and Wikimedians!

0:07:41.726,0:07:47.010
[applause]

0:07:47.010,0:07:48.169
My name's Richard Boly and

0:07:48.169,0:07:51.063
I am part of the Office of eDiplomacy

0:07:51.063,0:07:53.656
at the State Department, despite the suit,

0:07:53.656,0:07:57.849
we feel that we are kindred spirits with you!

0:07:57.849,0:08:00.195
Uh, actually I would like to ask

0:08:00.195,0:08:03.848
all the people from eDiplomacy here to stand up briefly

0:08:03.848,0:08:07.060
just stand up so you can search them out

0:08:07.060,0:08:08.885
and find out more about what we're doing.

0:08:08.885,0:08:14.285
[applause]

0:08:14.285,0:08:15.963
We're so excited about being able to partner

0:08:15.963,0:08:19.111
with you and with GW Law School

0:08:19.111,0:08:22.892
and we will have as part of our Tech@State track

0:08:22.892,0:08:24.865
some really interesting presentations

0:08:24.865,0:08:27.994
which dovetail perfectly with the conference.

0:08:27.994,0:08:31.979
Actually one of the two best known platforms

0:08:31.979,0:08:34.360
that we have or products that we offer

0:08:34.360,0:08:37.374
in eDiplomacy are Tech@State,

0:08:37.374,0:08:39.256
this quarterly conference on the convergence

0:08:39.256,0:08:42.258
of technology, foreign policy and development; and

0:08:42.258,0:08:45.886
the other is Diplopedia, built on MediaWiki.

0:08:45.886,0:08:47.991
And you'll get a chance tomorrow morning to hear

0:08:47.991,0:08:49.700
from Tiffany Smith and Chris Bronk

0:08:49.700,0:08:51.734
who will be talking about that as part of

0:08:51.734,0:08:55.670
the Tech@State track.

0:08:55.670,0:08:57.420
I also wanted to give a shout out to Tim Hayes

0:08:57.420,0:08:59.509
who has been curating these Tech@States,

0:08:59.509,0:09:01.066
and I think he's still over at the Marvin Center

0:09:01.066,0:09:02.255
checking people in.

0:09:02.255,0:09:04.327
Tim has been a huge driver in making

0:09:04.327,0:09:07.100
this collaboration possible.

0:09:07.100,0:09:11.868
But really, my goal here is to bring the words

0:09:11.868,0:09:14.615
of our Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton.

0:09:14.615,0:09:17.167
The Secretary of State would have loved to have been here

0:09:17.167,0:09:18.641
but unfortunately is travelling.

0:09:18.641,0:09:21.792
And she did pen a letter that she asked me

0:09:21.792,0:09:24.762
to share with you and we will scan the signed letter

0:09:24.762,0:09:29.813
and make it available obviously on the wiki website.

0:09:29.813,0:09:32.641
So here goes.

0:09:32.641,0:09:34.003
Dear friends,

0:09:34.003,0:09:36.733
On behalf of the US Department of State,

0:09:36.733,0:09:40.301
I am delighted to extend my heartfelt congratulations

0:09:40.301,0:09:43.652
on the opening of Wikimania 2012

0:09:43.652,0:09:47.042
and the Tech@State Wiki.gov.

0:09:47.042,0:09:49.106
I commend each of you for your dedication

0:09:49.106,0:09:51.441
to enhancing global understanding

0:09:51.441,0:09:53.565
through the many projects and initiatives

0:09:53.565,0:09:57.553
that the Wikimedia Foundation supports.

0:09:57.553,0:10:00.045
Wikimania 2012 highlights the intersection

0:10:00.045,0:10:02.640
of government and community goals.

0:10:02.640,0:10:05.644
It demonstrates how we are breaking down the barriers

0:10:05.644,0:10:08.779
between governments and the citizens they serve

0:10:08.779,0:10:11.831
by making readily available critical information

0:10:11.831,0:10:15.253
that is often difficult to find.

0:10:15.253,0:10:17.049
The US Department of State supports these

0:10:17.049,0:10:20.355
endeavours in technology, knowledge sharing,

0:10:20.355,0:10:22.822
and community building, as they are important

0:10:22.822,0:10:26.927
pillars of our 21st century state-craft agenda.

0:10:26.927,0:10:29.903
I am a staunch advocate of bringing technology

0:10:29.903,0:10:32.850
and knowledge to citizens around the world

0:10:32.850,0:10:35.007
and I believe it is vitally important that

0:10:35.007,0:10:38.270
our diplomats understand the huge potential

0:10:38.270,0:10:40.253
of using connection technologies

0:10:40.253,0:10:43.917
as a way to reach foreign audiences.

0:10:43.917,0:10:45.793
The world is more connected now

0:10:45.793,0:10:47.478
than ever before.

0:10:47.478,0:10:50.260
But there is still much work to be done

0:10:50.260,0:10:52.734
to fully capitalize on the potential of

0:10:52.734,0:10:55.030
this interconnection.

0:10:55.030,0:10:56.077
There are many people who are

0:10:56.077,0:10:59.781
disenfranchised because they lack access to information.

0:10:59.781,0:11:01.424
There are others whose contribution would

0:11:01.424,0:11:04.630
make our collective knowledge richer

0:11:04.630,0:11:08.036
but they face risks and difficulties in doing so.

0:11:08.036,0:11:10.467
Your work in the Wikimedia Foundation

0:11:10.467,0:11:13.071
contributes greatly to achieving our shared goal

0:11:13.071,0:11:17.601
of making information more open and accessible.

0:11:17.601,0:11:19.025
Thank you for your efforts

0:11:19.025,0:11:21.338
and please know you have my best wishes

0:11:21.338,0:11:25.749
for a productive and enjoyable Wikimania 2012.

0:11:25.749,0:11:28.089
With appreciation and best regards,

0:11:28.089,0:11:31.070
I am, sincerely yours, signed,

0:11:31.070,0:11:32.920
Hillary Rodham Clinton.

0:11:32.920,0:11:33.916
Thank you.

0:11:33.916,0:11:45.596
[applause]

0:11:45.596,0:11:47.319
Now I would like to introduce

0:11:47.319,0:11:50.535
our keynote speaker for Wikimania 2012,

0:11:50.535,0:11:52.125
Mary Gardiner.

0:11:52.125,0:11:53.460
She is an open source developer,

0:11:53.460,0:11:55.120
computer science graduate student,

0:11:55.120,0:11:56.823
and women in open source advocate

0:11:56.823,0:11:59.138
with over 10 years of experience.

0:11:59.138,0:12:01.368
Mary's research is in lexical semantics

0:12:01.368,0:12:03.713
and concentrates on how changes in word choice

0:12:03.713,0:12:06.275
can affect meaning and tone.

0:12:06.275,0:12:07.893
Before entering graduate school she worked

0:12:07.893,0:12:09.980
as a senior software engineer for a year

0:12:09.980,0:12:11.866
and contributed code to the Python-based

0:12:11.866,0:12:13.584
Twisted project.

0:12:13.584,0:12:16.343
In 2011, she co-founded the Ada Initiative,

0:12:16.343,0:12:19.068
supporting women in open technology and culture.

0:12:19.068,0:12:21.379
Ladies and gentlemen, Mary Gardiner.

0:12:21.379,0:12:25.379
[applause]

0:12:34.507,0:12:35.885
Good morning Wikimanians,

0:12:35.885,0:12:39.240
good morning Tech@State attendees.

0:12:39.240,0:12:45.570
[laughter]

0:12:45.570,0:12:49.338
So as interesting as computational lexical semantics

0:12:49.338,0:12:52.845
and computational sentiment analysis are

0:12:52.845,0:12:55.059
I am not going to talk about my PhD work today

0:12:55.059,0:12:57.338
I am talking about my new project,

0:12:57.338,0:12:59.287
work with my new project, the Ada Initiative,

0:12:59.287,0:13:01.537
which is a US-based non-profit

0:13:01.537,0:13:03.722
supporting women in open technology and culture,

0:13:03.722,0:13:06.878
which very much includes wiki projects

0:13:06.878,0:13:08.461
and other open knowledge projects,

0:13:08.461,0:13:13.238
also open source, remix culture, open government,

0:13:13.238,0:13:15.458
open data projects and similar.

0:13:15.458,0:13:17.176
And what I'm going to talk about specifically

0:13:17.176,0:13:19.530
is fostering diversity in these kinds of projects.

0:13:19.530,0:13:23.260
Broadly, uh, not only gender diversity

0:13:23.260,0:13:26.191
but diversity across different economic backgrounds,

0:13:26.191,0:13:28.793
different geographic origins, different ethnic origins,

0:13:28.793,0:13:31.744
and so on.

0:13:31.744,0:13:33.759
Ah, so I subtitled my talk maybe

0:13:33.759,0:13:35.803
in a slightly inflammatory way,

0:13:35.803,0:13:40.293
I wrote "not a boring chore, a criticial opportunity"

0:13:40.293,0:13:42.217
because there can this temptation

0:13:42.217,0:13:45.478
hopefully not succumbed to too much within this room

0:13:45.478,0:13:49.091
to view diversity as essentially a PR exercise

0:13:49.091,0:13:55.326
that a more diverse project looks better.

0:13:55.326,0:13:58.995
It is however of course crucial in a project

0:13:58.995,0:14:03.104
with a mission like that of Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects

0:14:03.104,0:14:08.554
to encompass some, in the case of Wikipedia

0:14:08.554,0:14:13.038
an encyclopedia covering the um, the sum of human knowledge

0:14:13.038,0:14:16.883
ultimately, obviously to incorporate the sum of human knowledge

0:14:16.883,0:14:21.174
you need to incorporate the sum of humans in some crucial way.

0:14:21.174,0:14:26.482
So it should be fairly obvious that therefore

0:14:26.482,0:14:35.939
diversity is one of the key goals of Wikimania projects.

0:14:35.939,0:14:39.169
OK, so first of all I just want to talk a little bit about

0:14:39.169,0:14:41.220
wiki projects as social change.

0:14:41.220,0:14:44.878
Uh, it's not what everyone involved in wiki projects

0:14:44.878,0:14:47.941
is aiming for, uh, I mean there are different

0:14:47.941,0:14:49.956
reasons you want to build the sum of human knowledge

0:14:49.956,0:14:53.249
and creating social change is only one of them.

0:14:53.249,0:14:56.379
But it is something that happens as we build these projects

0:14:56.379,0:14:59.378
and make them freely available, that things change

0:14:59.378,0:15:01.452
both because of the project and ah,

0:15:01.452,0:15:06.060
with the momentum of the projects.

0:15:06.060,0:15:08.716
So just ah as a very narrow example,

0:15:08.716,0:15:11.674
this is from Joseph Reagle's keynote last year,

0:15:11.674,0:15:13.109
he mentioned the Aardwolf article

0:15:13.109,0:15:15.693
back in 2001 on Wikipedia,

0:15:15.693,0:15:18.478
back when each Wikipedia title had to

0:15:18.478,0:15:20.140
contain at least two captial letters,

0:15:20.140,0:15:23.939
which is why it's AardwolF with a captial F.

0:15:23.939,0:15:30.565
And South AfricA, yes, so it has a terminal A and so forth.

0:15:30.565,0:15:34.509
Anyway so apparently the article read in total

0:15:34.509,0:15:36.965
"Aardwolf, small animal from South Africa,

0:15:36.965,0:15:38.861
related to the hyena, lives in the ground,

0:15:38.861,0:15:41.027
nocturnal hunter."

0:15:41.027,0:15:46.229
And now you have the typical Wikipedia zoological article

0:15:46.229,0:15:49.848
with zoological classifications, behavior characteristics,

0:15:49.848,0:15:51.413
geographic distribution and so on.

0:15:51.413,0:15:52.814
So, OK, so that's not social change,

0:15:52.814,0:15:56.166
that's Wikipedia changing.

0:15:56.166,0:16:02.325
Stepping out to one particular individual.

0:16:02.325,0:16:08.247
That, that's me when I was fourteen years old.

0:16:08.247,0:16:09.690
The reason this is not the most flattering

0:16:09.690,0:16:11.882
photo of me at fourteen years old is that

0:16:11.882,0:16:13.828
I mean I was pretty sort of awkward and gawky and so on

0:16:13.828,0:16:15.482
but it's not the most flattering photo

0:16:15.482,0:16:17.696
and the reason is that I asked my father to scan these

0:16:17.696,0:16:19.145
and this was the most flattering photo

0:16:19.145,0:16:20.096
of the ones he sent.

0:16:20.096,0:16:24.235
[laughter]

0:16:24.235,0:16:26.868
So the Wikipedia related point here is that

0:16:26.868,0:16:30.755
I was a pretty nerdy teenager, um, I would have been

0:16:30.755,0:16:31.608
about fourteen.

0:16:31.608,0:16:33.048
For my fourteenth birthday I got

0:16:33.048,0:16:34.595
a reference work for my birthday.

0:16:34.595,0:16:36.952
It was "The Penguin Book of Curious Interesting Numbers".

0:16:36.952,0:16:39.264
It goes from minus one up to Graham's number

0:16:39.264,0:16:42.699
skipping some numbers in between.

0:16:42.699,0:16:47.129
Ah, and I read it in numerical order.

0:16:47.129,0:16:49.304
And this is a person who really needed Wikipedia,

0:16:49.304,0:16:53.304
but it didn't exist.

0:16:53.769,0:16:58.434
OK, so now that person, when I wrote these slides

0:16:58.434,0:17:01.326
these were the last fifteen or so Wikipedia pages

0:17:01.326,0:17:02.935
that showed up in my browser history

0:17:02.935,0:17:05.139
skipping all articles I read on individual

0:17:05.139,0:17:06.640
members of the Beatles, because

0:17:06.640,0:17:08.019
that wouldn't be very interesting.

0:17:08.019,0:17:11.469
[laughter]

0:17:11.469,0:17:12.850
So, you know, OK, that's not social —

0:17:12.850,0:17:15.347
I mean that's social change in that it affected me

0:17:15.347,0:17:18.554
but it's important to note that like,

0:17:18.554,0:17:21.719
I am in my early thirties

0:17:21.719,0:17:23.545
I've been taken from this thing of you know

0:17:23.545,0:17:25.810
having my one book, my one precious book

0:17:25.810,0:17:27.291
of numbers that you know

0:17:27.291,0:17:30.643
I read to death, through to be able to

0:17:30.643,0:17:33.633
read about colorectal cancer and T-Mobile USA

0:17:33.633,0:17:40.014
in the same two day period.

0:17:40.014,0:17:43.385
OK. Uh, again social change that Wikipedians

0:17:43.385,0:17:44.684
are very familiar with.

0:17:44.684,0:17:48.524
In 1990 Encyclopedia Britannica sold, had their

0:17:48.524,0:17:50.277
highest sales volume before or since of

0:17:50.277,0:17:53.437
120 000 printed copies of the encyclopedia.

0:17:53.437,0:17:56.124
I never had one, I spent most of my—

0:17:56.124,0:17:57.343
maybe not when I was fourteen

0:17:57.343,0:18:01.553
but I spent most of my pre-teen years wishing that I did.

0:18:01.553,0:18:04.730
OK, well, a couple of years ago as you know

0:18:04.730,0:18:07.098
they sold around 8500 copies and they closed

0:18:07.098,0:18:08.561
their printed edition down

0:18:08.561,0:18:09.798
but they did report that they had

0:18:09.798,0:18:12.283
450 million visits to their website.

0:18:12.283,0:18:15.954
That does include the Merriam-Webster dictionary.

0:18:15.954,0:18:21.452
Way back in 2006, practically pre-history,

0:18:21.452,0:18:23.613
18% of the world's population was using the Internet

0:18:23.613,0:18:27.490
only 3% of the, of the two continents listed here

0:18:27.490,0:18:29.843
are the two smallest percentages reported on

0:18:29.843,0:18:32.820
that Wikipedia page that I'm using as a reference.

0:18:32.820,0:18:34.252
And I'm told you're not meant to do that,

0:18:34.252,0:18:35.816
I'm not sure if that's true in this crowd.

0:18:35.816,0:18:37.897
[laughter]

0:18:37.897,0:18:40.947
3% of the African population using the Internet

0:18:40.947,0:18:43.079
and 11% of the Asia-Pacific population

0:18:43.079,0:18:45.209
using the Internet.

0:18:45.209,0:18:48.980
OK, again using Wikipedia as a reference

0:18:48.980,0:18:52.678
35% of the world's population using the Internet,

0:18:52.678,0:18:57.622
13% of the African population, a four times increase.

0:18:57.622,0:19:00.359
27% of the Asia-Pacific population, more than doubled

0:19:00.359,0:19:01.711
using the Internet.

0:19:01.711,0:19:04.393
So here we have real social change.

0:19:04.393,0:19:08.071
And Encyclopedia Britannica has gone away

0:19:08.071,0:19:10.796
and 35% of the world's population is using the Internet.

0:19:10.796,0:19:13.069
So this is the kind of story that as you know

0:19:13.069,0:19:15.605
Wikimedia projects are part of.

0:19:15.605,0:19:18.003
The mooted at least death of print,

0:19:18.003,0:19:22.993
open access, e-books, ultimately the Internet.

0:19:22.993,0:19:29.198
OK, so we get to the topic of diversity

0:19:29.198,0:19:30.577
and how that relates.

0:19:30.577,0:19:37.295
So, the good news with Wikipedia is that

0:19:37.295,0:19:44.809
as Internet projects go it's definitely a very diverse project

0:19:44.809,0:19:46.625
along many dimensions.

0:19:46.625,0:19:49.773
At the end of May there were 285 Wikipedias,

0:19:49.773,0:19:52.102
four of them had over a million articles,

0:19:52.102,0:19:57.375
forty including that four — English, German, French, Dutch —

0:19:57.375,0:19:58.760
I think are the four,

0:19:58.760,0:20:00.838
have a hundred thousand articles,

0:20:00.838,0:20:03.190
112 have at least ten thousand articles.

0:20:03.190,0:20:05.406
So that's 112 different languages

0:20:05.406,0:20:07.229
you can read ten thousand articles

0:20:07.229,0:20:09.834
about human knowledge in.

0:20:09.834,0:20:12.410
That's extremely diverse.

0:20:12.410,0:20:15.045
There are of course somewhere between

0:20:15.045,0:20:16.652
it depends on what you define as a language

0:20:16.652,0:20:22.092
somewhere between 3000 and 8000 languages spoken worldwide

0:20:22.092,0:20:24.478
of which the vast majority have no written form

0:20:24.478,0:20:30.215
but maybe that ultimately that won't stop Wikimedia projects.

0:20:30.215,0:20:32.672
But I'm not here today to argue that

0:20:32.672,0:20:35.893
there's a linguistic diversity problem at least with,

0:20:35.893,0:20:39.804
as compared with your competitors.

0:20:39.804,0:20:43.264
OK, again. some figures from the Wikipedia survey of 2010

0:20:43.264,0:20:45.137
of editors and contributors.

0:20:45.137,0:20:46.364
The pie chart shows every country

0:20:46.364,0:20:49.851
that constituted more than 1% of respondants.

0:20:49.851,0:20:52.604
A great number of diverse countries represented here.

0:20:52.604,0:20:59.356
Poland, the Czech Republic, China, the USA, Russia, and so on,

0:20:59.356,0:21:01.919
India is in there, although as a share of

0:21:01.919,0:21:05.656
its world population it's vastly underrepresented.

0:21:05.656,0:21:09.065
OK, so less good news again as many people here will know

0:21:09.065,0:21:14.100
is that about a third of Wikipedia readers

0:21:14.100,0:21:15.537
who responded to this survey

0:21:15.537,0:21:17.787
reported being women.

0:21:17.787,0:21:19.567
And even less good news is that

0:21:19.567,0:21:22.712
slightly less than a tenth of the editors

0:21:22.712,0:21:24.228
reported being women despite

0:21:24.228,0:21:29.710
women comprising 51% of the world's population.

0:21:29.710,0:21:35.598
Ah, which, one is inclined to suspect that there is a link.

0:21:35.598,0:21:37.798
That if women are not using Wikipedia,

0:21:37.798,0:21:39.308
if they are not finding it useful

0:21:39.308,0:21:40.712
in the same numbers that men do,

0:21:40.712,0:21:46.949
they find it even less interesting to contribute to.

0:21:46.949,0:21:48.961
So in addition to other factors

0:21:48.961,0:21:52.445
the usefulness and representativeness

0:21:52.445,0:21:55.772
of the knowledge contained within Wikimedia projects

0:21:55.772,0:21:58.337
will affect the willingness of diverse people

0:21:58.337,0:22:02.317
to contribute to them.

0:22:02.317,0:22:05.065
Okay. So having made this argument that

0:22:05.065,0:22:11.932
Wikimedia projects are part of social change

0:22:11.932,0:22:15.714
whether or not Wikimedia projects are always

0:22:15.714,0:22:19.631
intending to drive social change, they are in some way part of social change

0:22:19.631,0:22:22.265
and sometimes they are intending to be part of

0:22:22.265,0:22:25.166
driving social change, giving people like my

0:22:25.166,0:22:28.201
fourteen-year-old self more information about

0:22:28.201,0:22:29.755
colo-rectal cancer.

0:22:29.755,0:22:36.164
I want to talk a little bit about the general

0:22:36.164,0:22:38.516
principles of diversity. So if we wish to increase diversity

0:22:38.516,0:22:41.130
in the project, well, why do you want to do that?

0:22:41.130,0:22:44.169
And then I'll say a little something about 'how'.

0:22:44.169,0:22:47.750
Okay. So the term used a little bit in some of

0:22:47.750,0:22:50.731
the literature about instrumental diversity

0:22:50.731,0:22:53.681
in particular: so, instrumental diversity is essentially

0:22:53.681,0:22:58.548
the question of how diverse participation make

0:22:58.548,0:23:02.031
Wikimedia projects better.

0:23:02.031,0:23:06.207
So, the argument would be: we have people

0:23:06.207,0:23:07.864
with different perspectives and different knowledges

0:23:07.864,0:23:10.948
coming in - their knowledge might make Wikipedia

0:23:10.948,0:23:13.683
more comprehensive, more representative

0:23:13.683,0:23:15.297
Okay, that's instrumental

0:23:15.297,0:23:17.298
because you are primarily arguing for diversity

0:23:17.298,0:23:20.831
in order to help Wikipedia rather than the other way around

0:23:20.831,0:23:23.580
You can argue the other way around:

0:23:23.580,0:23:26.964
that a more representative Wikimedia project

0:23:26.964,0:23:31.581
with knowledge to more people will benefit those people

0:23:31.581,0:23:34.814
At the extreme end, the instrumental argument

0:23:34.814,0:23:39.337
is sort of the PR argument - that is one of the instrumental arguments.

0:23:39.337,0:23:41.914
It makes us look better to have diversity

0:23:41.914,0:23:46.175
so that helps us. It also makes the actual product better.

0:23:46.175,0:23:48.063
So you have to balance these arguments.

0:23:48.063,0:23:50.406
You can't think entirely in terms of instrumental diversity

0:23:50.406,0:23:52.697
because it's not fair to the people you are asking

0:23:52.697,0:23:54.664
to give to you.

0:23:54.664,0:23:57.477
It has to be an exchange where

0:23:57.477,0:24:01.098
in order to ask people to make the Wikimedia

0:24:01.098,0:24:04.199
projects better, there has to be some

0:24:04.199,0:24:09.684
way the Wikimedia projects plan to serve those people.

0:24:09.684,0:24:18.219
We have here one of the more difficult things

0:24:18.219,0:24:19.752
to accept about diversity:

0:24:19.752,0:24:21.998
this slogan, "nothing about us without us"

0:24:21.998,0:24:24.593
comes out of the disability activist community

0:24:24.593,0:24:29.869
which in turn adopted it from the foreign affairs community

0:24:29.869,0:24:39.664
What this is is essentially you cannot dictate

0:24:39.664,0:24:42.497
to people with a particular interest:

0:24:42.497,0:24:43.738
you cannot tell women, you cannot tell people

0:24:43.738,0:24:45.631
with different ethnic backgrounds and so on

0:24:45.631,0:24:47.730
"this is how we are making things better for you"

0:24:47.730,0:24:52.099
"This is good, we have done this"

0:24:52.099,0:24:55.094
If you choose not to accept this, you are

0:24:55.094,0:24:57.677
being ungrateful and diversity is no longer our problem

0:24:57.677,0:24:59.878
it is yours.

0:24:59.878,0:25:02.343
This is difficult, right, because you have a vicious

0:25:02.343,0:25:04.582
cycle. Well, you don't have any people from

0:25:04.582,0:25:07.012
a certain background participating

0:25:07.012,0:25:11.993
but then there's nobody to ask to participate

0:25:11.993,0:25:15.759
so you end up spinning your wheels.

0:25:15.759,0:25:17.744
So the question then is outreach.

0:25:17.744,0:25:20.485
You simply have to identify your failings

0:25:20.485,0:25:23.018
and reach out to people.

0:25:23.018,0:25:27.977
Essentially, keep the project, keep the discussions

0:25:27.977,0:25:30.627
open to criticism which says

0:25:30.627,0:25:34.280
this would make it easier for you to participate,

0:25:34.280,0:25:38.400
this would make it beneficial for me to participate.

0:25:38.400,0:25:40.834
Constantly asking, constantly listening to their

0:25:40.834,0:25:42.628
responses and believing them.

0:25:42.628,0:25:49.781
Talking just quickly about the rationale for diversity:

0:25:49.781,0:25:55.378
in the Western liberal philosophical tradition,

0:25:55.378,0:25:57.112
the traditional argument is it promotes oneness

0:25:57.112,0:25:59.213
and harmony, essentially.

0:25:59.213,0:26:02.883
That as people talk more, we will converge

0:26:02.883,0:26:07.221
on one point of view, converge on one culture

0:26:07.221,0:26:09.944
and one way of thinking.

0:26:09.944,0:26:12.761
As I expect you know, that's not a very popular

0:26:12.761,0:26:14.394
view at present.

0:26:14.394,0:26:20.077
A more contemporary argument is that it

0:26:20.077,0:26:22.393
enables all people to change and grow.

0:26:22.393,0:26:26.232
To integrate contact between diverse peoples

0:26:26.232,0:26:29.750
allows them to borrow from each other while

0:26:29.750,0:26:31.893
continuing to maintain some of their differences

0:26:31.893,0:26:33.918
both in points of view and cultural traditions

0:26:33.918,0:26:35.378
and so on.

0:26:35.378,0:26:38.080
So, very quickly, an example of this discussed

0:26:38.080,0:26:41.465
by Peter Emberley in a 2011 book chapter

0:26:41.465,0:26:45.228
is two Indian art cultures that are both affiliated

0:26:45.228,0:26:47.598
with religious practice.

0:26:47.598,0:26:57.733
The Docra(?) of India are sculptors traditionally

0:26:57.733,0:27:01.549
sculpting the divine forms.

0:27:01.549,0:27:04.577
And Emberley argues that as they have had more

0:27:04.577,0:27:07.543
contact with Western culture in particular,

0:27:07.543,0:27:11.366
that their art forms, especially in the younger artists,

0:27:11.366,0:27:16.195
while continuing to maintain artist-driven,

0:27:16.195,0:27:19.844
culture-driven integrity to themselves

0:27:19.844,0:27:23.888
are moving away from divine forms to secular forms

0:27:23.888,0:27:28.866
and moving into 2D rather than 3D representations,

0:27:28.866,0:27:30.692
but at the same time, not moving to actually

0:27:30.692,0:27:33.093
produce Western art.

0:27:33.093,0:27:40.362
Likewise, the Baul people who are Bengali musicians,

0:27:40.362,0:27:46.710
Emberley argues in the music produced by the

0:27:46.710,0:27:52.361
younger people now, they are starting to move

0:27:52.361,0:27:55.552
again towards some representation of less

0:27:55.552,0:28:00.804
eternal, more ephemeral aspects of human nature

0:28:00.804,0:28:03.478
and they are utilising things like musical notation,

0:28:03.478,0:28:08.094
musical recording, anthropological recordings of their own culture

0:28:08.094,0:28:10.934
in order to maintain it. But at the same time,

0:28:10.934,0:28:13.911
viewing themselves as continuing in their own

0:28:13.911,0:28:16.310
traditions, integrating the aspects of Western

0:28:16.310,0:28:20.149
modernity that they can use but without moving

0:28:20.149,0:28:23.993
their music towards a more mainstream Indian

0:28:23.993,0:28:29.049
or Anglo style of music, but allowing them to

0:28:29.049,0:28:32.828
access the audience through modern means.

0:28:32.828,0:28:35.718
So in terms of Wikimedia projects, you may have

0:28:35.718,0:28:39.469
the same effect, part of the contribution of

0:28:39.469,0:28:41.393
Wikimedia projects in documenting the sum of

0:28:41.393,0:28:43.478
human knowledge is allowing people to preserve

0:28:43.478,0:28:46.493
their own traditions and ways of thinking

0:28:46.493,0:28:51.932
for themselves rather than necessarily only

0:28:51.932,0:28:54.549
benefiting me as a person who wants to learn

0:28:54.549,0:28:56.432
more about Indian art.

0:28:56.432,0:29:00.631
Okay, I wanted to talk about, well, this has been

0:29:00.631,0:29:01.931
very abstract. What do we do

0:29:01.931,0:29:04.953
if we want to recruit diverse peoples?

0:29:04.953,0:29:07.012
And I just wanted to talk about some

0:29:07.012,0:29:08.478
general principles there.

0:29:08.478,0:29:11.561
The first is, so Sue Gardner has mentioned this

0:29:11.561,0:29:13.760
in conversations about various things, is the

0:29:13.760,0:29:17.355
power of invitation is one way of talking about this.

0:29:17.355,0:29:20.899
So there's a story about this that I know fairly well.

0:29:20.899,0:29:24.943
In 2006, the GNOME free desktop project,

0:29:24.943,0:29:28.176
they ran Google Summer of Code.

0:29:28.176,0:29:30.815
It's a programming project - Google

0:29:30.815,0:29:34.103
Summer of Code invites university students

0:29:34.103,0:29:39.713
working on the project with a stipend.

0:29:39.713,0:29:43.516
They got 200 applications and there were zero from women.

0:29:43.516,0:29:45.779
You know, zero with an '0'.

0:29:45.779,0:29:54.870
Two GNOME developers - Chris Ball and Hannah Wallach - created what

0:29:54.870,0:29:57.127
they called the GNOME Women's Outreach Project,

0:29:57.127,0:30:00.046
which was almost - they were paid slightly less money

0:30:00.046,0:30:04.598
- almost identical to the Google Summer of Code

0:30:04.598,0:30:08.461
except it was the GNOME Women's Outreach Project.

0:30:08.461,0:30:10.997
They received 186 applications, I believe,

0:30:10.997,0:30:13.576
all of them from women.

0:30:13.576,0:30:15.801
There was some question: why didn't they apply

0:30:15.801,0:30:18.414
for the other one, which was the same except

0:30:18.414,0:30:20.726
paying slightly more money and slightly more

0:30:20.726,0:30:22.685
prestigious in that you were selected from

0:30:22.685,0:30:24.677
a wider field.

0:30:24.677,0:30:26.917
The answer seems to be somewhere between

0:30:26.917,0:30:30.143
two things:

0:30:30.143,0:30:31.535
you have a picture of a woman computing student

0:30:31.535,0:30:33.978
and you read a thing saying "spend your summer

0:30:33.978,0:30:36.102
working on a coding project", you have a picture

0:30:36.102,0:30:38.628
in your head of someone who's not necessarily

0:30:38.628,0:30:42.900
you working on a summer coding project.

0:30:42.900,0:30:45.394
It's usually that guy, you know, "that guy".

0:30:45.394,0:30:50.213
The one you think of as spending all his time

0:30:50.213,0:30:52.077
in front of a computer.

0:30:52.077,0:30:54.293
So by saying "for women", the picture automatically

0:30:54.293,0:30:58.681
changes: "well, I'm the woman in my classes

0:30:58.681,0:31:01.727
who spends all her time in front of a computer."

0:31:01.727,0:31:04.831
The other thing is that other women were really

0:31:04.831,0:31:07.845
keen: other computer science professors in this case

0:31:07.845,0:31:11.418
were really keen to do outreach for them

0:31:11.418,0:31:13.444
once they had explicitly said that this is for

0:31:13.444,0:31:16.344
women, it welcomed women, it was in order

0:31:16.344,0:31:17.811
to promote women.

0:31:17.811,0:31:20.843
Women computer scientists were forwarding it

0:31:20.843,0:31:24.362
to each other, some were encouraging 10 or 15

0:31:24.362,0:31:26.766
of their students to apply, so you had this

0:31:26.766,0:31:31.348
double effect of encouraging people, tapping

0:31:31.348,0:31:33.854
into networks of people who specifically want to

0:31:33.854,0:31:35.644
mentor women.

0:31:35.644,0:31:38.236
Saying "oh, this is for us, I've set up a network

0:31:38.236,0:31:40.993
waiting to give women opportunities, here's

0:31:40.993,0:31:43.310
a woman opportunity coming along".

0:31:43.310,0:31:45.344
So you have this double invitation.

0:31:45.344,0:31:47.470
The second one is simply reaching out to groups.

0:31:47.470,0:31:55.242
What that means is you find more than one:

0:31:55.242,0:31:58.430
to use women as an example, if you invite one

0:31:58.430,0:32:02.765
woman into your editathon or hackfest, and

0:32:02.765,0:32:06.292
suddenly she is THE woman.

0:32:06.292,0:32:09.446
There's some statistical figure, it is around 20% or 30%

0:32:09.446,0:32:13.476
where women stop feeling like "the woman".

0:32:13.476,0:32:15.679
They stop feeling like everything they do will

0:32:15.679,0:32:17.459
be read as "well she only says that because

0:32:17.459,0:32:20.448
she's a woman", or "she only does that because

0:32:20.448,0:32:22.002
she's a woman" or "we'll ask her opinion about

0:32:22.002,0:32:24.542
women".

0:32:24.542,0:32:26.800
If you can bring in more than person at a time

0:32:26.800,0:32:28.931
by identifying existing groups of diverse people

0:32:28.931,0:32:32.176
that reduces that effect.

0:32:32.176,0:32:39.117
The final thing is: once you've recruited diverse

0:32:39.117,0:32:40.686
people, there's a tendency to say...

0:32:40.686,0:32:44.131
Say I identify as a woman Wikipedia editor

0:32:44.131,0:32:47.367
(actually, I do, I do edit Wikipedia)

0:32:47.367,0:32:49.429
there's a tendency to believe the two identities are

0:32:49.429,0:32:51.727
in conflict: the more I identify as a woman

0:32:51.727,0:32:53.881
Wikipedia editor, it becomes more like:

0:32:53.881,0:32:57.677
WOMAN (Wikipedia editor).

0:32:57.677,0:32:59.431
And that the only way to get me to identify

0:32:59.431,0:33:02.285
as a Wikipedia editor is to discourage my

0:33:02.285,0:33:06.344
woman identification.

0:33:06.344,0:33:11.954
Now that's not actually true. Identity is

0:33:11.954,0:33:13.726
not a zero-sum game like that.

0:33:13.726,0:33:16.510
It turns out the more you encourage people to

0:33:16.510,0:33:19.511
retain parts of their identity that are important

0:33:19.511,0:33:20.795
to them: in my case, being a woman is important

0:33:20.795,0:33:24.084
to me in that way.

0:33:24.084,0:33:30.060
To retain and enhance my ability to continue

0:33:30.060,0:33:32.793
as a woman, that also increases my identification

0:33:32.793,0:33:36.312
as a Wikipedia editor.

0:33:36.312,0:33:38.202
So you get this false problem sometimes,

0:33:38.202,0:33:45.424
people will argue that having the groups for

0:33:45.424,0:33:47.695
women or the groups for diverse participants

0:33:47.695,0:33:51.843
discourages them, an isolationist kind of thing.

0:33:51.843,0:33:54.060
It actually encourages both identities.

0:33:54.060,0:33:56.440
That's a very important principle of diversity

0:33:56.440,0:34:00.463
too, that you allow people to acknowledge

0:34:00.463,0:34:03.774
that they are part of a minority within a larger culture

0:34:03.774,0:34:09.901
and to embrace being part of a minority within a larger culture.

0:34:09.901,0:34:13.694
To conclude my talk, I want to give a couple of

0:34:13.694,0:34:18.478
specific examples of possible outreach avenues

0:34:18.478,0:34:20.116
for diversity.

0:34:20.116,0:34:26.629
I have had the pleasure of meeting people over

0:34:26.629,0:34:29.300
the last week who work with Wikimedia on diversity

0:34:29.300,0:34:32.649
and outreach, and outreach to different groups

0:34:32.649,0:34:36.870
and educational projects, so not to say that

0:34:36.870,0:34:40.288
none of this has occurred to people in the room

0:34:40.288,0:34:44.650
so a couple examples of how outreach might happen:

0:34:44.650,0:34:48.830
first, let's use an example of primarily technological

0:34:48.830,0:34:51.311
outreach which I didn't really expect.

0:34:51.311,0:34:55.545
I talked a little bit to Andy Gunn at the Open Technology Institute

0:34:55.545,0:35:06.578
which is in turn part of the Detroit Digital Justice Coalition here in the United States

0:35:06.578,0:35:09.451
working with people in Detroit in particular.

0:35:09.451,0:35:15.367
Non-white people who are young, building up

0:35:15.367,0:35:22.311
communication and access to media and technology.

0:35:22.311,0:35:27.044
Their overall mission statement is that people and

0:35:27.044,0:35:29.243
organisations in Detroit who believe that communication

0:35:29.243,0:35:35.441
is a fundamental human right.

0:35:35.441,0:35:41.677
This is an excerpt: they have the principles of digital justice on their website.

0:35:41.677,0:35:46.098
The webpage is quite long, there are 20 principles;

0:35:46.098,0:35:48.560
I recommend having a look at the web page

0:35:48.560,0:35:49.844
for all of them.

0:35:49.844,0:35:51.822
You'll notice, I have an excerpt here: equal access

0:35:51.822,0:35:56.345
to media and technology as producers as well as consumers.

0:35:56.345,0:35:59.810
Prioritising participation of people who have traditionally been excluded.

0:35:59.810,0:36:03.160
Advancing our ability to tell our own stories:

0:36:03.160,0:36:06.887
again referring to people who have traditionally been excluded.

0:36:06.887,0:36:10.503
The creation of tools and technologies that are freely shared.

0:36:10.503,0:36:13.444
Now, points 1 and 4 are very compatible with

0:36:13.444,0:36:16.561
the broader open movement, open access,

0:36:16.561,0:36:22.027
open knowledge, wiki culture and so on.

0:36:22.027,0:36:25.695
Points 2 and 3 relate more to diversity concerns.

0:36:25.695,0:36:29.653
So I emailed them and Andy, what immediately

0:36:29.653,0:36:33.312
leapt to mind, was technological outreach.

0:36:33.312,0:36:37.531
He sees the problem with getting his community

0:36:37.531,0:36:40.061
to participate in Wikimedia projects is technological.

0:36:40.061,0:36:43.635
They are very focussed on mesh networking,

0:36:43.635,0:36:44.926
community, neighbourhood mesh networking

0:36:44.926,0:36:48.060
setting up ad-hoc wifi networks that have a

0:36:48.060,0:36:52.144
flaky, not-always-on uplink to the Internet

0:36:52.144,0:36:55.361
so you primarily exchange information within

0:36:55.361,0:36:57.810
your mesh network.

0:36:57.810,0:37:00.646
So what he said was "well, in order for

0:37:00.646,0:37:03.093
Wikipedia to be useful, we would have to

0:37:03.093,0:37:06.360
cater for those uses", which is of course

0:37:06.360,0:37:08.284
possible under the license but it wasn't

0:37:08.284,0:37:14.677
in fact immediately obvious to him

0:37:14.677,0:37:18.835
that there was something now that could be