0:00:14.040,0:00:17.623
Bean bags are awesome.

0:00:19.230,0:00:23.220
But I see a few people out there[br]who are standing,

0:00:23.244,0:00:24.609
we've got some over here,

0:00:24.633,0:00:28.391
and standing takes more[br]work than lounging.

0:00:29.415,0:00:32.601
Using the Live Strong[br]Organization's online database

0:00:32.625,0:00:35.110
of weight loss resources,

0:00:35.134,0:00:36.412
you can calculate

0:00:36.436,0:00:38.558
that by the time I'm done[br]with this speech,

0:00:38.582,0:00:40.472
those of you who are standing

0:00:40.496,0:00:44.889
will have burned 7.5 more calories

0:00:44.913,0:00:47.450
than those of you who are bean-bagging it.

0:00:47.474,0:00:48.537
(Laughter)

0:00:48.561,0:00:50.876
Okay, here's a question,

0:00:50.900,0:00:53.630
speaking of weight loss,[br]specifically weight,

0:00:53.654,0:00:54.804
this speech is live.

0:00:54.828,0:00:56.686
I'm actually here in front of you guys,

0:00:56.710,0:00:57.907
we're all here together.

0:00:57.931,0:00:59.781
But this speech is being recorded

0:00:59.805,0:01:03.671
and it will become a video[br]that people can access all over the world

0:01:03.695,0:01:05.631
on computers, mobile devices,

0:01:05.655,0:01:06.885
televisions.

0:01:06.909,0:01:10.851
I weight about 190 pounds.

0:01:11.749,0:01:15.754
How much will the video weigh?

0:01:18.413,0:01:19.976
Asking questions like that

0:01:20.000,0:01:22.770
is what I do every week[br]on my channel Vsauce.

0:01:23.238,0:01:24.405
For the last two years,

0:01:24.429,0:01:26.868
I have been asking really fun questions,

0:01:26.892,0:01:28.238
mind-boggling questions,

0:01:28.262,0:01:31.257
and approaching them[br]as sincerely as I can,

0:01:31.281,0:01:34.423
celebrating scientific[br]concepts and scientists.

0:01:34.447,0:01:36.377
And I research and write

0:01:36.401,0:01:37.453
and produce and host

0:01:37.477,0:01:38.719
and edit and upload

0:01:38.743,0:01:40.792
and run the social media all by myself,

0:01:40.816,0:01:42.635
but it's not lonely,

0:01:42.659,0:01:45.889
because Vsauce has[br]more than 2 million subscribers,

0:01:45.913,0:01:50.032
and every month, my videos are seen[br]by more than 20 million people.

0:01:50.951,0:01:52.016
Yeah.

0:01:52.040,0:01:54.217
(Applause)

0:01:54.241,0:01:55.680
It's very exciting.

0:01:55.704,0:02:01.730
I've found that asking a strange question[br]is a great way to get people in,

0:02:01.754,0:02:03.905
not just people, but fans.

0:02:03.929,0:02:06.549
And fans are different[br]than just viewers or an audience,

0:02:06.573,0:02:08.901
because fans want to come back.

0:02:08.925,0:02:11.482
They subscribe to you on YouTube

0:02:11.506,0:02:13.602
and they want to watch[br]everything you've made

0:02:13.626,0:02:15.769
and everything you plan[br]to make in the future

0:02:15.793,0:02:18.240
because we are curious people

0:02:18.264,0:02:23.642
and sparking curiosity is great bait.

0:02:23.666,0:02:25.905
It's a great way to catch a human.

0:02:26.503,0:02:27.837
And once you've caught them,

0:02:27.861,0:02:31.001
you have this captive[br]audience that you can,

0:02:31.025,0:02:33.627
with the goal in mind[br]of answering the question,

0:02:33.651,0:02:36.505
accidentally teach a lot of things to.

0:02:36.529,0:02:39.019
So, let's take a look[br]at some of my videos.

0:02:39.043,0:02:40.367
Here are eight of them.

0:02:41.150,0:02:43.055
But down here in the lower-right corner,

0:02:43.079,0:02:45.281
"What Color is a Mirror?"

0:02:45.305,0:02:46.697
When people see that,

0:02:46.721,0:02:49.150
it's very difficult not to click,[br]because you think,

0:02:49.174,0:02:50.475
"Come on, are you serious?

0:02:50.499,0:02:53.194
How could you possibly[br]answer that question?"

0:02:53.938,0:02:58.011
Well, so far, 7.6 million[br]people have watched

0:02:58.035,0:03:00.885
this five-minute video[br]about what color a mirror is.

0:03:00.909,0:03:02.909
And in that episode, I answer the question

0:03:02.933,0:03:07.139
and I get a chance to explain[br]what would normally be kind of dry topics:

0:03:07.163,0:03:08.171
optics,

0:03:08.195,0:03:10.211
diffuse versus specular reflection,

0:03:10.235,0:03:12.634
how light works,[br]how light works on the retina,

0:03:12.658,0:03:14.420
and even the etymology of color terms

0:03:14.444,0:03:16.258
like white and black.

0:03:17.159,0:03:19.100
Okay, spoiler alert:

0:03:19.124,0:03:21.425
mirrors are not clear,

0:03:21.449,0:03:23.316
they are not silvery,

0:03:23.340,0:03:24.931
like they're often illustrated.

0:03:24.955,0:03:26.385
Mirrors, technically speaking,

0:03:26.409,0:03:28.434
are just a tiny, tiny, little bit ...

0:03:29.328,0:03:30.707
green.

0:03:30.731,0:03:33.940
You can demonstrate this[br]by putting two mirrors next to each other,

0:03:33.964,0:03:36.114
facing so they reflect[br]back and forth forever.

0:03:36.138,0:03:39.110
Look down that infinite reflection,[br]and it will get dimmer,

0:03:39.134,0:03:42.844
because some light is lost[br]or absorbed every time,

0:03:42.868,0:03:46.000
but it will also become greener,

0:03:46.024,0:03:47.806
because green light,

0:03:47.830,0:03:50.859
that is light of a wavelength[br]that we perceive as green,

0:03:50.883,0:03:53.669
is best reflected by most mirrors.

0:03:54.245,0:03:56.363
Okay, so, how much does a video weigh?

0:03:56.387,0:03:59.393
Well, when you stream[br]a video onto your computer,

0:03:59.417,0:04:01.552
that information is temporarily stored

0:04:01.576,0:04:03.091
using electrons.

0:04:03.505,0:04:08.922
And the number of electrons on your device[br]won't actually increase or decrease.

0:04:08.946,0:04:11.945
But it takes energy[br]to store them in one place,

0:04:11.969,0:04:14.506
and, thanks to our friend Albert Einstein,

0:04:14.530,0:04:16.795
we know that energy and mass are related.

0:04:16.819,0:04:18.363
Okay, so here's the thing:

0:04:18.387,0:04:20.339
let's say you're watching a YouTube video

0:04:20.363,0:04:23.085
at a really nice resolution, 720p.

0:04:23.109,0:04:25.003
Assuming a typical bit rate,

0:04:25.027,0:04:30.166
we can figure that a minute[br]of YouTube video

0:04:30.190,0:04:36.484
is going to need to involve[br]about 10 million electrons on your device.

0:04:38.065,0:04:41.173
Plugging all those electrons[br]and the energy it takes to hold them

0:04:41.197,0:04:43.354
in the correct place[br]for you to see the video,

0:04:43.378,0:04:44.486
into that formula,

0:04:44.510,0:04:47.431
we can figure out[br]that one minute of YouTube video

0:04:47.455,0:04:50.770
increases the mass of your computer

0:04:50.794,0:04:54.558
by about 10 to the negative 19th grams.

0:04:55.362,0:04:57.180
Written out, it looks like this.

0:04:57.787,0:04:58.788
(Whistle)

0:04:58.812,0:04:59.884
That's like nothing.

0:05:00.638,0:05:04.313
You could call that nothing,[br]and you wouldn't really get in trouble,

0:05:04.337,0:05:07.489
because the best scales[br]we've ever invented

0:05:07.513,0:05:10.552
that we could try to use[br]to actually to detect that change

0:05:10.576,0:05:13.352
are only accurate to 10[br]to the negative 9th grams.

0:05:13.852,0:05:15.012
So, we can't measure it,

0:05:15.036,0:05:17.852
but we can, like we just did,[br]calculate it.

0:05:17.876,0:05:20.271
And that's really cool[br]because when I was a kid,

0:05:20.295,0:05:25.334
my school had two shelves[br]of science books.

0:05:25.358,0:05:26.469
That was really cool,

0:05:26.493,0:05:28.774
but I read all of them[br]within, like, two grades,

0:05:28.798,0:05:30.711
and it was hard to get more books

0:05:30.735,0:05:33.044
because books are heavy,[br]you need space for them

0:05:33.068,0:05:35.965
and moving books around is tougher[br]than what we can do today.

0:05:35.989,0:05:37.440
With numbers that small,

0:05:37.464,0:05:39.936
I can fit thousands of books

0:05:39.960,0:05:43.031
on my own little personal[br]electronic reader.

0:05:43.055,0:05:45.210
I can stream hours and hours

0:05:45.234,0:05:47.256
and days and days of YouTube video

0:05:47.280,0:05:51.021
without my computer[br]ever getting measurably heavier.

0:05:52.123,0:05:54.307
And as information becomes that light,

0:05:54.331,0:05:55.903
it becomes a lot more democratic,

0:05:55.927,0:05:58.133
meaning that more teachers

0:05:58.157,0:06:03.508
and presenters and creators[br]and viewers than ever before

0:06:03.532,0:06:04.643
can be involved.

0:06:06.638,0:06:07.738
Right now, on YouTube,

0:06:07.762,0:06:10.481
there is an explosion[br]of content like this happening.

0:06:10.505,0:06:13.269
The three Vsauce channels[br]are down there in the corner.

0:06:13.293,0:06:15.509
But everyone else,[br]all together, collectively,

0:06:15.533,0:06:18.199
their views dwarf what I can do alone

0:06:18.223,0:06:20.128
or with the people that I work with,

0:06:20.152,0:06:22.299
and that is really, really exciting.

0:06:22.323,0:06:25.096
It turns out that tapping[br]into people's curiosity

0:06:25.120,0:06:28.285
and responsibly answering their questions

0:06:28.309,0:06:32.251
is a brilliant way to build[br]fans and an audience

0:06:32.275,0:06:33.337
and get in viewers.

0:06:33.361,0:06:36.617
It's even a great way[br]for brands and companies

0:06:36.641,0:06:38.046
to build trust.

0:06:38.828,0:06:43.188
So, calculating the weight of a video

0:06:43.212,0:06:45.199
is kind of a funny question,

0:06:45.223,0:06:51.945
but I cannot wait to see[br]what we ask and answer next.

0:06:51.969,0:06:53.863
As always, thanks for watching.

0:06:53.887,0:06:54.887
(Applause)