WEBVTT

00:00:00.840 --> 00:00:03.416
Hozir men gapirayotgan til,

00:00:03.440 --> 00:00:07.776
baxtgami yoki aksincha, vaqt sayin

00:00:07.800 --> 00:00:10.136
asosiy dunyo tiliga aylanmoqda.

00:00:10.160 --> 00:00:11.376
Keling buni tan olamiz:

00:00:11.400 --> 00:00:13.256
butun internet bu tilda,

00:00:13.280 --> 00:00:15.256
bu tilda moliyachilar gaplashishadi,

00:00:15.280 --> 00:00:17.616
aviadispetcherlar,

NOTE Paragraph

00:00:17.640 --> 00:00:18.348
unda mashhur qo'shiqlar kuylashadi,

00:00:19.056 --> 00:00:20.256
diplomatlar muloqot qiladi...

00:00:20.280 --> 00:00:21.720
Ingliz tili hamma joyda.

00:00:21.830 --> 00:00:26.296
Hozirda ko'plab insonlar shimoliy
xitoychada gapirishadi.

00:00:26.440 --> 00:00:28.936
Lekin shunda ham xitoyliklar ingliz tilini

00:00:28.960 --> 00:00:31.656
ingliz tilida gapiruvchilar xitoychani
o'rgangandan-da ko'proq o'rganishadi.

00:00:31.680 --> 00:00:33.416
Bilishimcha,

00:00:33.440 --> 00:00:36.896
hozir Xitoyda ta'lim faqat ingliz tilida
olib boriladigan

00:00:36.920 --> 00:00:39.656
o'nlab universitetlar bor.

00:00:39.680 --> 00:00:41.380
Ingliz tili dunyoni egallamoqda.

00:00:41.680 --> 00:00:43.376
Qo'shimcha qilib aytganda,

00:00:43.400 --> 00:00:45.456
tahmin qilinishicha, asr so'ngigacha

00:00:46.200 --> 00:00:49.018
hozirda mavjud deyarli barcha tillar —

00:00:49.040 --> 00:00:50.296
ular hozirda 6 000 ta —

00:00:50.320 --> 00:00:52.216
foydalanilmay qo'yiladi,

00:00:52.240 --> 00:00:54.840
shulardan bir necha yuztasi qoladi.

00:00:55.360 --> 00:00:56.976
So'ngida,

00:00:57.000 --> 00:01:01.576
biz hozir tezkor nutq tarjimasini nafaqat
amalga oshirsa bo'ladigan,

00:01:01.600 --> 00:01:04.720
balki, yildan-yilga yaxshilanib borayotgan
davrda yashayapmiz.

00:01:05.360 --> 00:01:08.096
Men sizga sabablarni keltirib o'taman.

00:01:08.120 --> 00:01:11.256
Biz yashayotgan paytda borgan sari

00:01:11.280 --> 00:01:13.496
"biz nega boshqa tillarni o'rganishimiz
kerak?

00:01:13.520 --> 00:01:17.056
Agar ular qaysidir xalqniki bo'lsa, ingliz
tilidan boshqasi bizga kerakmi?"

00:01:17.080 --> 00:01:21.056
kabi savollar beriladigan vaqtga
yaqinlashmoqdamiz.

00:01:21.080 --> 00:01:24.096
Borgan sari hamma bir tilda gaplasha
boshlayotgan bir vaqtda,

00:01:24.120 --> 00:01:29.600
nega kuch sarflab boshqa tilni
o'rganishimiz kerak?

00:01:30.560 --> 00:01:32.376
O'ylashimcha, bunga sabab ko'p.

00:01:32.400 --> 00:01:34.736
Lekin oldin bir narsaga e'tiborimizni
qarataylik,

00:01:34.760 --> 00:01:37.616
menimcha siz buni bilsangiz ham kerak,

00:01:37.640 --> 00:01:41.976
lekin bu ma'lumotda ham bir hiyla bor:

00:01:42.000 --> 00:01:43.736
bu har xil tillarning leksikoni va

00:01:43.760 --> 00:01:46.536
grammatikasi insonning fikrlash
shaklini va yo'nalishini

00:01:46.560 --> 00:01:50.936
o'zgartira olishga qodirligi, va hattoki,
o'ziga xos bir

00:01:50.960 --> 00:01:54.776
astral holatidan chiqishga yordam
bera olishi

00:01:54.800 --> 00:01:56.016
haqidagi ma'lumot.

00:01:56.040 --> 00:02:00.256
Bu quvonarli ma'lumot,

00:02:00.280 --> 00:02:01.576
lekin unda bir muammo bor.

00:02:01.600 --> 00:02:05.056
Bu ma'lumotni inkor etolmaymiz.

00:02:05.080 --> 00:02:08.895
Masalan, fransuz va ispan tillarida

00:02:08.919 --> 00:02:13.176
"stol" so'zi negadir jenskoy rodda:

00:02:13.200 --> 00:02:17.136
"la table", "la mesa".
Buni faqat qabul qilish kerak.

00:02:17.160 --> 00:02:18.656
Aniqlanishicha,

00:02:18.680 --> 00:02:21.076
agar bu tillarda gapiruvchilardan

00:02:21.100 --> 00:02:23.776
ularning fikricha, stol gapira olganida,
qanday ovozda

00:02:23.800 --> 00:02:27.856
gapirishi mumkinligi borasidagi savolga
ko'pchilikning

00:02:27.880 --> 00:02:31.776
javoblariga ko'ra, fransuzlar va
ispanlar aytadiki,

00:02:31.800 --> 00:02:33.496
stol ayol ovozida, baland tonda

00:02:33.520 --> 00:02:38.376
gapirgan bo'lar edi. Shu sabab,

00:02:38.400 --> 00:02:42.400
agar siz fransuz yoki ispan bo'lsangiz,
qaysidir ma'noda stol siz uchun —

00:02:42.400 --> 00:02:45.896
stol siz uchun —qiz bola, ingliz
bo'lganingizda esa aksincha bo'lar edi.

00:02:45.896 --> 00:02:47.796
Kimga bu kabi ma'lumotlar yoqmaydi?

00:02:47.796 --> 00:02:50.046
Shunday xulosa hosil bo'ladiki, agar siz

00:02:50.046 --> 00:02:54.576
bu tillardan birida muloqot qilsangiz,
siz dunyoni boshqacha ko'rasiz.

00:02:54.600 --> 00:02:55.896
Lekin ehtiyot bo'lish kerak,

00:02:55.920 --> 00:03:00.376
chunki, o'ylab ko'ring, agar kimdir bizni
o'rganishni boshlasa,

00:03:00.400 --> 00:03:02.856
ingliz tilida go'daklikdan
gapiruvchilarni:

00:03:02.880 --> 00:03:06.736
inglizlar dunyoni qanday ko'radi?

00:03:06.760 --> 00:03:09.496
Keling, misol uchun ingliz tili ona tilisi
bo'lgan insonni olsak.

00:03:09.520 --> 00:03:12.816
Hozir siz Bononi ko'ryapsiz.

00:03:12.840 --> 00:03:14.456
U inglizcha gapiradi.

00:03:14.480 --> 00:03:17.416
Uning qandaydir o'z dunyoqarashi bor.

00:03:17.440 --> 00:03:21.096
Ekranda Donald Tramp.

00:03:21.120 --> 00:03:22.336
Unda ham o'ziga yarasha.

00:03:22.360 --> 00:03:23.776
U ham inglizcha gapiradi.

00:03:23.800 --> 00:03:25.320
(Kulgu)

00:03:27.520 --> 00:03:30.856
Mana miss Kardashyan,

00:03:30.880 --> 00:03:32.856
u ham shu tilda gapiradi.

00:03:32.880 --> 00:03:35.656
Xo'sh, bu yerda uchta ingliz tilida
muloqot qiluvchi inson.

00:03:35.680 --> 00:03:39.256
Ular dunyoni qanday ko'radi? 
Bu ularni qanday farqlaydi?

00:03:39.280 --> 00:03:44.376
Ingliz tilidagi qanday dunyoqarash
ularni birlashtiradi?

00:03:44.400 --> 00:03:46.216
Bu o'ziga xos muammoli g'oya.

00:03:46.240 --> 00:03:51.096
Ko'pchilik shunday xulosaga kelmoqdaki,
til fikrlarni shakllantiradi,

00:03:51.120 --> 00:03:57.576
lekin bu nozik va tushunarsiz psixologik
aspektlarda namoyon bo'ladi.

00:03:57.600 --> 00:04:02.200
Bu chet tili sizga boshqacha dunyoqarash
taqdim etadi degani emas.

00:04:02.680 --> 00:04:05.016
Shunday ekan,

00:04:05.040 --> 00:04:06.976
o'zi nega tillarni o'rganishimiz kerak?

00:04:07.000 --> 00:04:09.536
Agar bu sizning fikrlashingizni
o'zgartirmasa,

00:04:09.560 --> 00:04:11.540
unda bunga qanday sabablar bor?

00:04:11.720 --> 00:04:13.280
Ular bir nechta.

00:04:13.600 --> 00:04:18.976
Birinchidan, siz qandaydir madaniyatni
o'rganmoqchi,

00:04:19.000 --> 00:04:22.136
o'zlashtirmoqchi bo'lsangiz, uning bir
qismi bo'lishni istasangiz,

00:04:22.160 --> 00:04:26.056
til bunda rol o'ynaydimi yo'qmi,

00:04:26.080 --> 00:04:28.016
jamiyatni o'rganish uchun,

00:04:28.040 --> 00:04:29.856
siz qaysidir bir darajada

00:04:29.880 --> 00:04:32.336
o'sha tildan foydalanishingizga,

00:04:32.360 --> 00:04:35.696
unda muloqot qilishingizga to'g'ri keladi.

00:04:35.720 --> 00:04:37.416
Boshqa yo'li yo'q.

00:04:37.440 --> 00:04:39.936
Qiziq bir misol bor.

00:04:39.960 --> 00:04:43.656
Men hozir sal tushunarsiz gapiraman,
lekin siz mazmunini tushunishingiz kerak.

00:04:43.680 --> 00:04:48.016
Kanadalik rejissyor Deni Arkan tomonidan 
suratga olingan bitta film bor.

00:04:48.040 --> 00:04:50.630
Ingliz tilida uning ismi "Dennis Arcand"
deb yoziladi,

00:04:50.630 --> 00:04:52.096
agar qidirishni xohlasangiz.

00:04:52.120 --> 00:04:55.176
U "Monreallik Iso" deb nomlanadigan 
film suratga olgan.

00:04:55.200 --> 00:04:57.336
Undagi ko'pchilik qahramonlar —

00:04:57.360 --> 00:05:02.416
chaqqon, tez, kulgili, qizg'in,
fransuzcha gapiruvchi, qiziqarli

00:05:02.440 --> 00:05:03.776
franko-kanadaliklar edi.

00:05:03.800 --> 00:05:06.256
Yakuniga oz qolganda,
bitta sahna bor, unda ular

00:05:06.280 --> 00:05:09.736
do'stini hamma inglizcha gapiradigan
shifoxonaga oborishlari kerak bo'ladi.

00:05:09.760 --> 00:05:11.856
U yerda ular shu tilde
gapirishlari kerak bo'ladi.

00:05:11.880 --> 00:05:14.736
Ular shunday qilishadi ham,
lekin bu ularning ona tili emas.

00:05:14.760 --> 00:05:16.776
Odatda ular unda gapirmaslikni
ma'qul ko'rishadi.

00:05:16.776 --> 00:05:18.416
Va ular sekin gapirishadi,

00:05:18.440 --> 00:05:20.416
aksent bilan, oddiy so'zlar orqali.

00:05:20.440 --> 00:05:23.136
Hamma yoqtiradigan qahramonlar endi birdan

00:05:23.160 --> 00:05:27.110
o'zlarining oddiy, kulrang soyalariga
aylanishadi.

00:05:27.280 --> 00:05:28.976
Jamiyatga sho'ng'ish va

00:05:29.000 --> 00:05:33.016
insonlarni bunday xira oyna orqali
tushunishga harakat qilish —

00:05:33.040 --> 00:05:35.936
ularni chindan tushuna olmaslikka
olib keladi.

00:05:35.960 --> 00:05:38.736
Agar bor-yo'g'i bir necha yuzta til
qoladigan bo'lsa,

00:05:38.760 --> 00:05:40.266
ularni o'rganish uchun birinchi
sabab:

00:05:40.266 --> 00:05:43.736
ularning har biri — alohida chipta,

00:05:43.760 --> 00:05:46.016
u sizga biror bir tilda gapiruvchi
jamiyatning bir qismi

00:05:46.040 --> 00:05:49.216
bo'lishga yo'l ochadi, chunki u chinakam
kod vazifasini bajaradi.

00:05:49.240 --> 00:05:50.960
Bu birinchi sabab.

00:05:51.440 --> 00:05:52.736
Ikkinchi sabab:

00:05:52.760 --> 00:05:56.226
isbotlanganki, agar siz ikki xil tilda
gapirsangiz,

00:05:56.226 --> 00:05:59.136
demensiya kasalligiga chalinish
ehtimoli sizda ancha kam,

00:05:59.160 --> 00:06:02.496
va menimcha, siz bir vaqtning o'zida
nechta vazifani uddalay olasiz.

00:06:02.520 --> 00:06:05.936
Bu bolalikdan aniq bo'la boshlaydi,

00:06:05.960 --> 00:06:07.896
va siz endi tushunasiz,

00:06:07.920 --> 00:06:12.456
farzandlaringizni qachonda til o'rganishga
yuborishingizni.

00:06:12.480 --> 00:06:14.896
Bilingvizm sog'liq uchun foydali.

00:06:14.920 --> 00:06:16.816
Uchinchi sabab:

00:06:16.840 --> 00:06:20.160
chet tillari — judayam qiziq.

00:06:20.160 --> 00:06:22.536
Bizga tushintirishlaridan ko'p marta
qiziqarliroq.

00:06:22.560 --> 00:06:25.856
Masalan, arab tilida "kataba" — "u yozdi",

00:06:25.880 --> 00:06:29.096
"yaktubu" — "u yozayapti".

00:06:29.120 --> 00:06:32.136
"Uktub" — "yozing", buyruq so'z.

00:06:32.160 --> 00:06:34.056
Bu soz'larda qanday umumiylik bor?

00:06:34.080 --> 00:06:36.176
Hammasida bir xil undoshlar,

00:06:36.200 --> 00:06:39.736
va ular so'zning markazida, xuddi
ustundek.

00:06:39.760 --> 00:06:41.216
Ular joyida qoladi,

00:06:41.240 --> 00:06:44.376
unlilar esa ular atrofida raqsga
tushmoqda.

00:06:44.400 --> 00:06:47.576
Kimga bu so'zlar orqali til o'rganish
yoqmaydi?

00:06:47.600 --> 00:06:49.016
Ivritda ham shunday,

00:06:49.040 --> 00:06:52.696
Efiopiya davlat tili — amxarchada ham.

00:06:52.720 --> 00:06:54.136
Bu juda qiziqarli.

00:06:54.160 --> 00:06:57.576
Yana har tilda har xil so'z
joylashuvi bor.

00:06:57.600 --> 00:06:59.816
So'zlarni boshqa tartibda qo'yib
gapirishni

00:06:59.840 --> 00:07:03.840
o'rganish, bu xuddi chap tarafga
harakatlanadigan mamlakatda mashina

00:07:03.840 --> 00:07:04.840
haydashdek gap,

00:07:04.840 --> 00:07:09.336
yoki ko'zga gamamelis ekstraktli
suyuqlikni tomizgandan keyin paydo

00:07:09.360 --> 00:07:11.016
bo'ladigan hissiyotga
o'xshaydi.

00:07:11.016 --> 00:07:11.921
Chet tili sizni shunday bir boshqacha
tuyg'ularni his

00:07:12.826 --> 00:07:13.826
qilishga majbur qila oladi.

00:07:13.826 --> 00:07:14.536
Masalan,

00:07:14.560 --> 00:07:16.576
"Shlyapa kiygan mushukning qaytishi" —

00:07:16.600 --> 00:07:19.096
ko'pchiligimiz sevib o'qigan, va yana
takror o'qiydigan kitob,

00:07:19.120 --> 00:07:20.376
xuddi "Mobi Dik" kabi.

00:07:20.400 --> 00:07:25.496
U yerda shunday so'zlar bor: "Bilasanmi,
uni qayerdan topib oldim?

00:07:25.520 --> 00:07:28.176
U nimagadir yuvinishga kirib ketdi.
Vannada o'tirib pirog yerdi.

00:07:28.200 --> 00:07:29.416
Xa. U qila oldi."

00:07:29.440 --> 00:07:31.776
Agar siz buni xitoycha variantini
o'qisangiz,

00:07:31.800 --> 00:07:33.206
quyidagini eslab qoling:

00:07:33.206 --> 00:07:35.336
"Uni qayerdan topganimni topa olasanmi?

00:07:35.360 --> 00:07:37.176
U chala yeyilgan tortda yuvinayotgan edi.

00:07:37.200 --> 00:07:39.016
Shubhasiz, tortni u ishtaha bilan
yeyayotgandi!"

00:07:39.040 --> 00:07:40.256
Bu menga yoqadi.

00:07:40.280 --> 00:07:44.576
Tasavvur qiling, til o'rganish bilan
yillab shug'ullana olasiz.

00:07:44.600 --> 00:07:48.936
Siz qachondir kxmer tilini o'rganganmisiz?

00:07:48.960 --> 00:07:51.976
Men ham yo'q. Lekin agar o'rganganimda
edi,

00:07:52.000 --> 00:07:56.616
men og'zimda 13 ta undosh harfni emas,

00:07:56.640 --> 00:07:57.896
ingliz tilida bo'lganidek,

00:07:57.920 --> 00:08:00.936
balki kambodjaliklar tilida jaranglaydigan

00:08:00.960 --> 00:08:04.856
30 ta undosh harfni his qilgan bo'lardim,

00:08:04.880 --> 00:08:07.216
xuddi arilarga o'xshab.

00:08:07.240 --> 00:08:10.220
Mana sizga nima bera oladi chet tillari.

00:08:10.440 --> 00:08:11.696
Undan tashqari,

00:08:11.720 --> 00:08:15.656
hozirda chet tillarini o'rganish har
qachongidan-da oson.

00:08:15.680 --> 00:08:18.006
Oldinlari darslarga borish kerak bo'lardi,

00:08:18.006 --> 00:08:20.156
u yerda qandaydir bir o'qituvchi
o'tirardi,

00:08:20.156 --> 00:08:21.896
zo'r o'qituvchi, — lekin u yerda

00:08:21.896 --> 00:08:24.016
u ma'lum bir paytda bo'lardi va uning
oldiga

00:08:24.040 --> 00:08:25.546
aynan shu payt borish kerak bo'lardi.

00:08:25.546 --> 00:08:27.266
Darslar esa unchalik tez bo'lavermasdi.

00:08:27.266 --> 00:08:28.884
Siz darslarga qatnashishga majbur edingiz.

00:08:28.884 --> 00:08:31.736
Agar bunday imkoniyat bo'lmasa, sizga
plastinka asqotardi.

00:08:31.760 --> 00:08:33.456
Men buning ustasi edim.

00:08:33.480 --> 00:08:36.176
Plastinkalar, kassetalar, xattoki CD-disc
deb ataluvchi

00:08:36.200 --> 00:08:37.456
eskicha bir uskuna,

00:08:37.480 --> 00:08:39.816
unda ma'lumotlar chegaralangan edi.

00:08:39.840 --> 00:08:42.456
Ulardan tashqari, kitoblar bor edi — 
foydasiz kitoblar.

00:08:42.480 --> 00:08:43.856
Hammasi shunday edi.

00:08:43.880 --> 00:08:46.776
Bugun esa bir joyga o'rnashib olib,

00:08:46.800 --> 00:08:49.256
masalan, mehmonxona polida,

00:08:49.280 --> 00:08:50.496
burbon ichgan holda,

00:08:50.520 --> 00:08:53.296
mustaqil ravishda xohlagan bir tilni
o'rganish mumkin,

00:08:53.320 --> 00:08:55.790
Rosetta Stone kabi ajoyib dasturlar
yordamida.

00:08:55.790 --> 00:08:59.136
Yana men Glossika deb nomlanadigan bitta
kursni maslahat beraman.

00:08:59.136 --> 00:09:00.546
Istalgan bir vaqtda,

00:09:00.546 --> 00:09:03.400
xohlaganingizcha o'rganishingiz mumkin.
Siz ertalablari chet

00:09:03.480 --> 00:09:06.320
tillariga bog'liq
bo'lgan nimadir bilan o'zingizni hursand

00:09:06.320 --> 00:09:07.320
qilishingiz mumkin,

00:09:07.320 --> 00:09:09.070
bu sizga qobiliyatingizni yanada
oshirishga yordam beradi.

00:09:09.070 --> 00:09:11.080
Men har kuni ertalab "Dilbert"
komikslarini o'qiyman,

00:09:11.080 --> 00:09:12.736
har xil tillarda.

00:09:12.760 --> 00:09:14.616
20 yil oldin buning iloji yo'q edi.

00:09:14.640 --> 00:09:18.176
Til o'rganish materiallarining

00:09:18.200 --> 00:09:19.776
hammasi cho'ntagimizga sig'ishi,

00:09:19.800 --> 00:09:21.296
ya'ni telefonimizga,

00:09:21.320 --> 00:09:25.390
xattoki rivojlangan insonlar uchun ham
fantastikadek ko'rinardi.

00:09:25.800 --> 00:09:28.336
Shuning uchun ham men sizlarga

00:09:28.360 --> 00:09:32.336
tillarni o'rganishingizni maslahat 
beraman, chunki buning uchun

00:09:32.360 --> 00:09:35.536
hozirgidek imkoniyatlar hech
qachon bo'lmagan.

00:09:35.560 --> 00:09:37.056
Bu judayam qiziqarli.

00:09:37.080 --> 00:09:38.896
Bu balki fikrlashingizni o'rgartirmas,

00:09:38.920 --> 00:09:42.096
lekin bu sizni hayratlantirishi aniq.

00:09:42.120 --> 00:09:43.336
Katta rahmat.

00:09:43.360 --> 00:09:45.430
(Qarsaklar)